Research on alternative fumigants to replace methyl bromide (MB), a harmful ozone-depleting substance and highly toxic pesticide, began in 2007. Initial tests focused on using ethyl formate for fruits and EDN for wood. Subsequently, alternative techniques were developed for a total of 94 plant types using ethyl formate, EDN, and phosphine, demonstrating Korea's superior performance compared to other countries, especially in practical applications. However, when it comes to wood products, the primary users of methyl bromide, EDN is scarcely used due to concerns about worker safety. An emerging alternative to MB is sulfuryl fluoride (SF), widely employed in North America to control wood-damaging pests like termites. SF's advantages include a lower boiling point and higher vapor pressure, making it effective against wood pests. Yet, certain bark beetle eggs require higher doses and longer treatment periods, resulting in established international standards (e.g., 120g/m3 for 48 hours at 20℃), posing challenges for field applications. Recently, the APQA initiated basic research to apply SF to wood. They are assessing SF's effectiveness against various wood-destroying pests, including termites, bark beetles, and long horn beetles, while also evaluating the feasibility of mixed treatments to reduce dosage. Once SF fumigation standards are established, it is expected to significantly reduce methyl bromide use in commonly used wood types, contributing to ozone layer protection and enhancing fumigation work safety.

Biological control in agriculture is an eco-friendly pest management method. Numerous parasitoid wasps have been utilized as natural enemies and biological control agents. However, due to a shortage of fundamental taxonomic information caused by taxonomic impediments, there are challenges in unveiling and developing hymenopteran biological control agents. Braconidae, the second-largest family in Hymenoptera, comprises approximately 25,000 species described and recorded. All known braconids attack only insect hosts, with many members exhibiting high host specificity. Leveraging their unique biology, many braconid species have been tested in biological control research, and some have been developed as commercial products. To create a synergistic effect between biological control and taxonomic research and to discover effective biological control agents, several collaborative research projects have been conducted. In this presentation, these collaborative research projects will highlight the critical role of bridging taxonomic knowledge and biological control expertise, offering potential solutions for more effective and sustainable pest management practices in agriculture.

This study examines and proposes standardization approaches to address the heterogeneous issues of metadata in drone imagery within the agricultural sector. Image metadata comes in various formats depending on different camera manufacturers, with most utilizing EXIF and XMP. The metadata of cameras used in fixed-wing and rotary-wing platforms, along with the metadata requirements in image alignment software, were analyzed for sensors like DJI XT2, MicaSense RedEdge-M, and Sentera Double4K. In the agricultural domain, multispectral imagery is crucial for vegetation analysis, making the provision of such imagery essential. Based on Pix4D SW, a comparative analysis of metadata attributes was performed, and necessary elements were compiled and presented as a proposed standardization (draft) in the form of tag information.

본 논문은 베율명（贝律铭）의 건축 업적에 대한 광범위한 탐구를 수행하며, 특히 전통 중국 미학과 현대주의 디자인 원 칙을 통합하는 그의 숙련을 요약하는 쑤저우 박물관 신관에 중 점을 둔다. 베율명（贝律铭）의 작품에 대한 이 철저한 검토는 고대 전통과 현대 혁신을 결혼시키는 그의 디자인 철학의 복잡 성을 풀어낸다. "留白" 개념, 대칭, 재료, 색상 및 정원의 조화 로운 통합의 복잡한 적용으로 특징 지어진 쑤저우 박물관 신관 은 문화 유산이 건축 디자인에서 어떻게 보존되고 현대화 될 수 있는지에 대한 횃불로 서 있다. 본 논문은 또한 베율명（贝 律铭）의 작품 세계의 보다 광범위한 함의와 해석을 분석하며, 문화 보존과 건축 미학의 지속적인 진화에 대한 그것의 깊은 영향을 드러낸다. 본 논문은 문화 의사소통에 대한 그의 기여 에 대해 자세히 설명하고 현대 건축을 위한 통찰력있는 교훈을 제공하며, 역사적 맥락과 현대 해석 사이의 통합 가능성을 강 조한다. 베율명（贝律铭）의 독특한 시각을 통해 쑤저우 박물 관 신관을 탐험함으로써 본 논문은 건축이 문화의 반영이자 혁 신자가 될 수 있는 방법에 대한 우리의 이해를 더해준다. 본 논문은 세계 건축 분야를 계속해서 영감을 주고 형태를 만드는 건축 비전가로서 베율명（贝律铭）의 지속적인 유산을 확증함 으로써 결론을 내린다.

The advent of big data has brought about the need for analytics. Natural language processing (NLP), a field of big data, has received a lot of attention. Topic modeling among NLP is widely applied to identify key topics in various academic journals. The Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering (KSIE) has published academic journals since 1978. To enhance its status, it is imperative to recognize the diversity of research domains. We have already discovered eight major research topics for papers published by KSIE from 1978 to 1999. As a follow-up study, we aim to identify major topics of research papers published in KSIE from 2000 to 2022. We performed topic modeling on 1,742 research papers during this period by using LDA and BERTopic which has recently attracted attention. BERTopic outperformed LDA by providing a set of coherent topic keywords that can effectively distinguish 36 topics found out this study. In terms of visualization techniques, pyLDAvis presented better two-dimensional scatter plots for the intertopic distance map than BERTopic. However, BERTopic provided much more diverse visualization methods to explore the relevance of 36 topics. BERTopic was also able to classify hot and cold topics by presenting ‘topic over time’ graphs that can identify topic trends over time.

This paper proposes a novel approach to preserving and disseminating cultural heritage in the metaverse environment made possible by the advancement of digital technology. The metaverse integrates the real and virtual worlds, enabling experiences similar to real-world museums within the metaverse environment. This technology provides users with more immersive and interactive means to explore cultural heritage. This study addresses the methodology for extracting 3D models from public cultural heritage data sources and integrating these models using the Unity engine to develop a metaverse museum environment. Public data refers to data or information generated or managed by public agencies, encompassing various forms such as text, graphics, images, video, audio, and more. By utilizing 3D data provided by the Cultural Heritage Administration, this research aims to construct a metaverse museum, showcasing the process and outcomes. Through this, users can experience and learn about cultural heritage in more diverse and interesting ways. It is expected that the metaverse will increase the possibility of improving access to and preservation of cultural heritage. Future society requires the ability to understand the metaverse and create new content while communicating and interacting in that space.

The increasing number of technology transfers from public research institutes in Korea has led to a growing demand for patent recommendation platforms for SMEs. This is because selecting the right technology for commercialization is a critical factor in business success. This study developed a patent recommendation system that uses technology transfer data from the past 10 years to recommend patents that are suitable for SMEs. The system was developed in three stages. First, an item-based collaborative filtering system was developed to recommend patents based on the similarities between the patents that SMEs have previously transferred. Next, a content-based recommendation system based on TF-IDF was developed to analyze patent names and recommend patents with high similarity. Finally, a hybrid system was developed that combines the strengths of both recommendation systems. The experimental results showed that the hybrid system was able to recommend patents that were both similar and relevant to the SMEs' interests. This suggests that the system can be a valuable tool for SMEs that are looking to acquire new technologies.

예술적 창작의 혁신을 추구하기 위하여 현대의 인장 조각가 들, 그리고 인장 전시관의 시각적 효과를 위하여, 전통적인 한 인장과 고대의 인장 인쇄에서 일부 경험이 많고 재능 있는 인 도인들이 현대의 인쇄 플랫폼에서 새로운 창조적 양식을 탐구 하기 위하여, 도자기 인쇄의 제작 과정과 인장 조각 작품이 제 시하는 정신은 인도인들의 내면적 추구가 추구하는 창조적 변 혁과 일맥상통하여, 인장 조각 예술의 아름다움과 장인 정신의 재미를 강조하고 있으며, 바로 이러한 미적 필요성이 인장 조 각의 새로운 모습을 촉진하는 것입니다. 도자기 인쇄는 두 개 의 캐리어로 구성되어 있는데, 하나는 도자기이고, 다른 하나는 인장이고, 뛰어난 인장 조각가들은 제작에서 점토 선정, 낙하, 모양내기, 주화 만들기, 인쇄면 인장, 글레이징, 소성의 과정을 개인적으로 느낄 뿐만 아니라, 실제적인 행위로부터 원료와의 접촉을 진정으로 느끼고 있습니다. 더욱이 순수 수공예와 소성 과정의 인쇄면의 자연스러운 변화를 만들어내는 과정에서, 어 떤 의미에서는 인장 조각가들에게 새로운 도전인 자연소각과 정신문명 재료를 형상화한 고급 제품인 도자기의 업그레이드를 통하여 도자기와 전통 인장 조각에 대한 새로운 미적 의식을 열어주는 것이며, 돌로 된 인장과 구별되는 탐구와 돌파구이기 도 합니다. 이 글은 주로 도자기 인쇄의 발전 과정과 그에 굴절된 현재 의 상황을 이해함으로써 도자기 인쇄의 실천적 의미를 탐구하 고, 도장 조각자들이 창작 과정에서 전통적인 경험의 축적과 기본적인 기술의 숙련을 따르는지를 탐구하는데, 도자기 인쇄 의 실천적 의미는 도장 조각자의 창작을 자극하고, 도자기 인 쇄에 있어서 도장 조각자의 창작 정신과 새로운 시대 양식이 며, 도자기 인쇄 재료의 활성화이며, 도장 조각 예술 창작에 있 어서 도자기 인쇄의 새로운 비전을 열었으며, 또한 중국의 도자기 정신을 계승하고 있는 경우가 드물기 때문에 서예 도장 조각자들은 창작 작품에 보다 높은 종합적인 예술적 소양 요건 을 반영하기도 합니다.

This study compared research trends in universities general English program before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. After analyzing 248 articles from KCI using frequency analysis, centrality analysis, and topic modeling, this study found consistent keywords indicating a focus on learning objectives, effectiveness analysis, satisfaction surveys, and level-based learning before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Centrality analysis revealed keywords like “teaching, research, analysis” before COVID-19 and “satisfaction, study, level, activity, effect” after COVID-19, indicating a shift towards learner satisfaction, level-based learning, and effectiveness analysis due to the transition to online learning. Topic modeling revealed shifts in research trends: Pre-COVID-19 focused on effective teaching methods, evaluation techniques, and cultural content, while Post-COVID-19 prioritized online teaching methods, web-based platforms, and selfdirected learning. Future research should address self-directed learning, attitudes and goal setting, closing learning gaps in online/blended learning, and developing effective online assessment tools and evaluation strategies. This study provides valuable insights and directions for further research in general English programs.

In this study, research trends in mushroom science were examined using North Korean journal articles published in 1978–2023. Researchers in each field reviewed 450 papers and finally selected 429 papers, excluding 21 papers classified in different fields. The number of researchers was 872, and the number of authors per paper was 2.03. Kim Cheol-Hak published the most academic papers in the field of mushroom science in North Korea, with 12 papers. The number of research articles increased annually, from 7 in 1985, 12 in 1998, 11 in 2008, and 27 in 2020, and has especially increased rapidly since the mid- 2010s. The study by mushroom type was as follows: 42 pine mushrooms (17.8 %), 25 oyster mushrooms (10.6 %), 23 Ganoderma sp. (9.8 %), 19 shiitake mushrooms (8.1 %), 17 button mushrooms (7.2 %), and 16 manna lichens (6.8 %). This study is considered meaningful in reviewing the research status and technology level in North Korea through analyzing North Korean academic journals in the field of mushroom science for the first time.

본 연구의 목적은 미국, 영국, 독일, 일본의 학교안전 법제를 살펴봄으로 써, 국내 학교안전에 시사하는 바를 논하고 제시하는 데에 있다. 외국사례를 통해 우리나라 학교안전사고 예방 및 학교안전관리시스템이 보다 실효성 있 게 작동하도록 몇 가지 적용 및 시사점을 제시하였다. 첫째, 학교 안전관리 책임을 명확히 하고 학교안전교육을 지원하는 법제의 명문화와 「학교폭력예 방법」, 「학교안전법」, 「학교보건법」을 「학교안전보건법」으로 통합할 필요가 있다. 둘째, 국가 책임을 강화하는 차원에서 충분한 예산 지원과 인력 확보 및 교직원의 안전 전문성 향상을 위한 제도 마련, 그리고 일원화된 전문기관 등이 필요하다. 셋째, 「학교안전법」을 「산업안전보건법」 수준으로 업그레이 드할 필요가 있고, 독일의 사회보험 수준으로 학교안전공제회의 역량을 제고 할 필요가 있다. 넷째, 체계적인 시스템과 실효성 있는 매뉴얼에 의해 작동되 도록 학교안전망을 촘촘하게 구축할 필요가 있다. 다섯째, 예방활동과 안전 교육의 패러다임을 전환할 필요가 있다. 여섯째, 평소 지역 유관기관·단체 등 과 안전시스템을 긴밀하게 공유, 연계할 필요가 있다. 일곱째, 실효성 있는 학교안전 위험성 평가를 실시하여 사고 발생률을 낮출 필요가 있다. 여덟째, 학교 보안을 더욱 강화할 필요가 있다. 아홉째, 학생안전 법제에 학생의 권리 와 의무를 함께 명시할 필요가 있다. 열 번째, 우리나라도 ‘갭 이어(Gap Ye ar)’ 제도 도입을 검토할 필요가 있다. 이상의 논의와 제시를 통해, 국내 학 교안전 및 학교안전 법제의 긍정적 변화를 기대한다.