In this study, the safety aspects were studied by comparing the charge control characteristics of the two vehicles when a failure occurs between the OBC including the charging port or the charging door module (CDM) during slow charging using the In Cable Control Box (ICCB) for a long time.When the AC terminal was momentarily disconnected during charging, the Model-3 vehicle was charged normally if the AC circuit was disconnected up to three times, and the charging control was stopped when the number of disconnects reached four times. However, in the Ioniq-5 vehicle, charging control was normally performed when the disconnected AC circuit was normally connected regardless of the number of disconnection.

코로나19는 비말을 통해 전염되는 호흡기 질환으로 건물의 실내 공간은 코로나19의 대규모 감염에 매우 취약한 곳이다. 집약된 토지 이용으로 인해 수많은 사람들이 고층의 건물에 밀집해 있는 도시 환경은 이러한 질병에 더 취약할 수 있다. 뿐만 아니라 도시의 인구 분포는 시간에 따라 역동적인 변화를 보이기 때문에 코로나19와 같은 전염병에 대한 역학 조사의 성공은 도시 인구의 시공간적 변화를 얼마나 잘 이해하는지에 달려있다. 하지만 특정 시간대에 특정 건물에 분포하고 있는 현재 인구 밀도를 파악하는 것은 무척 어려운 일이다. 따라서 본 연구는 특정 시간대의 도시 인구의 수평적, 수직적 분포를 보다 정확하게 추정하기 위한 대안을 제시하고자 한다. 보다 구체적으로 지리가중회귀(GWR) 모델에 기반한 대시메트릭 매핑 기법을 이용하여 건물 단위의 현재 인구를 추정하였다. 일반적으로 대시메트릭 매핑 기법은 보조 자료를 사용하여 기존의 공간 스케일을 넘어 보다 상세한 수준의 인구 분포를 추정할 수 있도록 해준다. 본 연구에서는 건물의 용도와 연면적을 보조 정보로 활용하였으며, GWR 모델을 이용하여 지역적으로 이질적인 인구 분포 특성을 반영하였다. 연구 결과, 서울시 전체에 걸쳐 집계구보다 상세한 건물 단위 수준의 인구 분포를 추정할 수 있었다. 건물 단위의 현재 인구 추정은 코로나19와 같은 팬데믹 전염병의 역학 조사나 효과적인 방역 대책 수립을 위한 중요한 기초 자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

This article focuses on the Namdaemum repair and the Seokguram restoration, which had begun in 1961, as an important repair conducted during the time of seeking the conservation principle of architectural heritage after liberation in Korea. Through the analysis of the principles described in the repair report issued after the two repairs, meeting records, and related expert announcements, it is shown that the principle of 'preservation of the historic state' had been established at Namdaemun repair and later have changed to the principle of 'restoration of the historic form' which means reconstruction in Seokguram restoration. By analyzing the minutes of the Cultural Heritage Committee's meeting on the repair of other cultural properties during this period, it is revealed that the key terms related to the preservation principle, 'historic form' and 'restoration', were given meaning as 'object' and 'method' of preservation, and then 'restoration of the historic form' has been gradually used as a conservation principle.

Coupled thermo-hydraulic-mechanical (THM) processes are essential for the long-term performance of deep geological disposal of high-level radioactive waste. In this study, a numerical sensitivity analysis was performed to analyze the effect of rock properties on THM responses after the execution of the heater test at the Kamaishi mine in Japan. The TOUGHFLAC simulator was applied for the numerical simulation assuming a continuum model for coupled THM analysis. The rock properties included in the sensitivity study were the Young’s modulus, permeability, thermal conductivity, and thermal expansion coefficients of crystalline rock, rock salt, and clay. The responses, i.e., temperature, water content, displacement, and stress, were measured at monitoring points in the buffer and near-field rock mass during the simulations. The thermal conductivity had an overarching impact on THM responses. The influence of Young’s modulus was evident in the mechanical behavior, whereas that of permeability was noticed through the change in the temperature and water content. The difference in the THM responses of the three rock type models implies the importance of the appropriate characterization of rock mass properties with regard to the performance assessment of the deep geological disposal of high-level radioactive waste.

The Republic of Korea has implemented an obligatory vaccination on major livestock breeds to prevent and eradicate nationwide foot and mouth disease (FMD) since the end of 2010. The government has executed massive serological survey to check the immune level of various herds after vaccination, and seropositive rates against FMD virus (FMDV) structural proteins can be measured to assess FMD immunity level. The purpose of this study is to investigate the FMDV serological level of every cattle breeding farm in the country and to determine whether there is a significant difference between groups classified by time, age, and management authority. A total of 5,781 serum samples was collected in 18 cattle breeding farms from 2020 to 2021, and the seropositive rates were measured using PrioCHECK FMDV Type O ELISA kit. Firstly, the cattle breeding farms were classified by which they are managed: the central government, the local government, and the private agency. Every management authority had a seropositive rate of 99.5% or higher. Secondly, the samples were divided into 6 to 12 months old, 12 to 24 months old, and 24 months or more. The 6 to 12 months old group in 2020 showed a significantly low seropositive rate of 98.1%, but it was improved by implementing the enhanced vaccination policy from 2021 to 100%. In summary, there are considerably high seropositive rates including all groups with time, age, and by which they are managed, which means the FMD vaccination in cattle breeding farms is well-managed.

이 연구에서는 대통령선거에서의 유튜브 캠페인을 사례로 소셜미디어 캠페인의 현황과 특징을 고찰하고 그것이 민주주의에 어떤 영향을 미치 고 있는지를 논의한다. 첫째, 이 연구는 20대 대선과 17대 대선에서의 선거동영상에 대한 내용분석(content analysis)을 수행하여 그 내용을 비교 고찰한다. 내용분석은 후보·정당 간 동영상 캠페인의 특징과 유권자 반응 및 정치적 효과에 초점을 맞춘다. 둘째, 이 연구는 뉴미디어 캠페인 을 둘러싼 제도적 환경에 주목해서 그 변화가 미치는 영향을 고찰한다. 셋째, 이 연구는 뉴미디어 활용이 정치양극화로 이어지는 현실을 진단하 고 그에 대한 문제의식과 해법을 모색한다.

This experiment was carried out to examine double cropping system using Italian ryegrass (IRG) 'Kowinearly', whole crop rice 'Yeongwoo' and barnyard millet 'Jeju native' during the Oct. 2020 to Oct. 2022. Three kinds of forage crops were cultivated at paddy field in Livestock Institute, Jeollanamdo Agricultural Research and Extension Services, Jeollanamdo, South Korea. Whole crop rice (WCR) was sown in late May and barnyard millet (BM) sown early June each year after harvesting IRG. We examined dry matter yield and feed value of forage crops depending on harvest time of forage crops during the experimental period. The plant height in heading stage of IRG ranged from 108 to 112cm and dry matter yield ranged from 6,783 to 11,530 kg ha-1. The crude protein (CP) of IRG ranged from 6.0 to 8.44%, acid detergent fiber (ADF) ranged from 55.6 to 60.2% and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) ranged from 32.58 to 36.7%, The dry matter yield of WCR increased as the harvest stage was delayed (14,310 kg ha-1 in milk, 16,167 kg ha-1 in yellow ripen, and 18,891 kg ha-1 in mature). Similar to results of dry matter yield of WCR, dry matter yield of BM increased as the harvest stage was delayed (11,194 kg ha-1 in late heading. and 14,308 kg ha-1 in mature), However nutrient content of WCR and BM showed a decreasing trend. As shown in above results, the productivity of WCR after harvesting IRG was shown to be high at paddy field in the southern region. However, BM also was appeared to have potential as summer forage crops.

Adsorption of arsenic by graphene-based adsorbents is widely applied to remove arsenic from water and has become a promising technology. However, most of the reported studies were conducted at a relatively higher concentration of arsenic in As (V) oxidative form, whereas the As (III) is more difficult to remove from water and more toxic, which prompted us to conduct the study at a lower concentration of 1 ppm in As (III). A Facile and controlled synthesis of graphene-based metal/ metal oxide nanomaterials and adsorptive removal of aqueous As (III) is reported here. Adsorbents were characterized using spectroscopy (FTIR, XPS and Raman) and microscopy (TEM). The maximum uptake of arsenic obtained was 88.8% from the RGO-Fe3O4 composite among all the adsorbents. The pseudo-second-order model and Intra-particle mass transfer diffusion model were applied to determine the adsorption kinetics with varying contact time between the adsorbents and the As (III) in water to interact. Experimental results suggest that the adsorption of As (III) onto the adsorbents was a multi-step process involving external adsorption to the surface followed by diffusion to the interior. A simple spectrophotometric method also was used for the detection and quantification of As (III).