갭색법(gap & sag method)은 선박 건조과정에서 축을 조립하기 전 최종적으로 축이 축계정렬 설계치와 동일한 위치에 거치되었는지의 여부를 확인하기 위해 사용되고 있는 방법이며, 조립 전 프로펠러축을 기준축으로 하여 양 축의 플랜지에서 축 자중에 의해 발생하는 갭색값을 통해 나머지 축계의 위치를 순차적으로 확정해 나간다. 만일 설계치와 다르게 기준축이 거치되는 경우 연쇄적으로 나머지 축의 거치에 영향을 주게 된다. 또한, 축 조립 후 검증과정에서 측정된 베어링 반력이 설령 설계치를 만족하더라도 선미관 후부측에서의 프로펠러축과 베어링간 상대적경사각을 추정할 수 없게 됨으로써 결과적으로 축계의 안정성에 부정적인 영향을 미칠 수 있다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위하여 본 연구에서는 실제 선미관 베어링 발열 및 개방검사 사례를 통해 선미관 베어링 유효지지점에 관한 이론계산 및 실측치분석 연구를 수행하고 이를 바탕으로 축계 정렬오차를 최소화하기 위한 축계 시공방법을 제안하였다.

본 논문에서는 마리나 항의 상하가 시설 및 장비의 형태를 분석하고 마리나 이용 대상 선박을 기준으로 기 설치된 마리나의 상하가 시설(리프트 피어)과 장비(마린 모바일 리프트)에 대한 분석을 통해 상하가 시설 및 장비의 설치기준을 마련했다. 국내에서 운항중인 선박 총톤수에 따라 요구되는 리프트 피어의 내부 간격은 35톤 선박은 5.50 m, 50톤 선박은 6.20 m이며, 이를 상하가하기 위한 마린 모바일 리프트의 내측 폭은 35톤 선박은 6.10 m, 50톤 선박은 6.80 m가 필요하다. 국내 마리나에 설치된 리프트 피어는 목표한 선박을 인양할 수 있는 곳은 2곳으로 나타났으며, 그 외 다른 마리나의 리프트 피어 내부 간격은 0.35 ~ 0.50 m가량 좁았다. 또한 운용 중인 마린 모바일 리프트 중 목표한 선박을 상하가하기 위해 필요한 내측 폭을 확보한 장비는 2개로 나타났으며, 그 외 마린 모바일 리프트 내측 폭이 0.3 ~ 0.6 m가량 부족했다.

Avermectin produced by Streptomyces avermitilis is an anti-nematodal agent against the pine wood nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus. However, its potential usage is limited by its poor water solubility. For this reason, continuous efforts are underway to produce new derivatives that are more water soluble. Glycosylation is generally used to enhance the aqueous solubility and biological activity of natural compounds. Uridine diphosphate (UDP)-glycosyltransferase (BLC) from Bacillus licheniformis is involved in the biosynthesis of the bioactive compound by transferring UDP-activated sugar moieties to acceptor molecules. Here, the enzymatic glycosylation of avermectin was catalyzed by uridine diphosphate (UDP) glycosyltransferase from Bacillus licheniformis with various UDP-sugars. As a result, the following four avermectin B1a glycosides were produced: avermectin B1a 4’’-β-D-glucoside, avermectin B1a 4’’-β-D-galactoside, avermectin B1a 4’’-β-L-fucoside and avermectin B1a 4’’-β-2-deoxy-D-glucoside. The avermectin B1a glycosides were structurally analyzed based on HR-ESIMS, 1D and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra. The solubility of avermectin B1a4’’-β-D-glucoside and avermectin B1a4’’-β-D-galactoside in water are 49 and 21 times higher than that of avermectin B1a. Consistent with the improved water solubility of avermectin glycosides, the anti-nematodal effect of avermectin B1a4’’-β-D-glucoside was found to exhibit the highest activity,which was approximately 32 times greater than that of avermectin B1a, followed by avermectin B1a 4’’-β-2-deoxy-D-glucoside, avermectin B1a 4’’-β-L-fucoside, and avermectin B1a 4’’-β-D-galactoside. These results show that glycosylation of avermectinB1a effectively enhances itsin vitro anti-nematodal activity and that avermectin glycosides can be further applied for treating infestations of the pine wood nematode B. xylophilus.

Pine tree, a dominant species in the flora of Korea is the most beloved tree in Korea. However, recent outbreak of pine wilt disease caused by the pine wood nematode (PWN) Bursaphelenchus xylophilus threatens the vegetation of Pinus species seriously. Furthermore, Pinus densiflora and P. thunbergii, the predominant species in Korea forest are highly susceptible to PWN. Therefore, there has been an urgent demand for the development of a new nematocidal compounds to control PWN, which spurred the national research for the development of new compounds. To find novel sources for nematocidal agents, we used various plant resources for the development. In addition to the foreign plant extracts themselves, we also used the extracts of endophytes composed of over 300 endophytic fungi and 1,000 endophytic bacteria from plants which was reported to contain nematocidal activity. Several extracts of endophytes and plant extracts contained strong nematocidal activity, and the resources are analyzed to identify the active nematocidal compounds. These integrated approach of finding effective nematocidal compounds from plants could be a novel way to elucidate the sources for brand-new nematocidal agents.

Bovine colostrum is necessary for newborn calves to survive, grow and receive immunity from their mother. Cows in Korea produce about 35kg of colostrum, 4Kg of which is fed to the calf, and the rest is discarded. The bovine colostrum causes the harmful side effects to human, such as allergies and digestive problems; so, it is prohibited by law to consume colostrum itself as a food. However, many scientific research data have suggested that components in the colostrum can improve human health and has the ability to help treat diseases. In line with the trend of food and pharmacy industries using natural product materials, which attract positive attention, recently, some ingredients in colostrum have been used in the production of food supplements, and it has been used in its raw form in some cosmetics. This review introduces the active ingredients and physiologically active substances contained in bovine colostrum, summarizes the efficacy of physiological enhancement of the colostrum, which has been proven by scientific methods to date, and also suggests the possibility of industrial applications of colostrum as an animal-derived natural material.

본 논문에서는 교육용 코딩퍼즐게임의 모델링에 대하여 분석하고 이를 바탕으로 유·아동에게 효과적인 형식의 코딩게임을 구현하며, 그 적합도를 평가한다. 시중에 출시된 여러 코딩퍼즐게임들의 핵심체계가 되는 학습개념, UI체계, 게임시스템의 특징과 문제점을 분석한 후, 이를 바탕으로 새로운 학습용 퍼즐게임을 개발한다. 개발된 게임의 학습개념, UI체계, 게임시스템을 소개하고, 개발된 게임을 실제로 적용한 어린이집 모의수업과 실습수업 진행과정에 대하여 기술한다. 실제로 게임을 실행하게 되는 아이들에게 있어서 적정 수준의 단계가 어느 정도인지를 판단하기 위해 개발된 게임에 대해서 어린이집 방과후 학습교사들의 평가로 개념의 시각화, 직관적 요소, 난이도 조절의 세 항목에 대하여 평가과정(각각 5점 만점)을 거쳤다. 그 결과로 개발된 게임은 직관적 요소에서 4.08점, 난이도 조절에서 3.72점, 개념의 시각화에서 3.44점을 나타내어 모두 보통 이상의 결과를 나타냈다. 개념의 시각화를 위해서는 개념 자체를 활용할 수 있는 포맷의 적용, 직관적 요소로 스테이지의 시작과 종료를 알리는 명확한 요소의 적용, 난이도 조절로는 연습문제 챕터의 적용이 주요한 것으로 나타났다.

본 연구는 보육교사의 감정노동 및 직무스트레스에 대한 요인을 분석하고 효과적인 대처방안에 대해서 알아보기 위해 논의되었다. 보육교사들이 어떠한 감정노동에 노출되어 있고 어떠한 스트레스를 받고 있는지에 대한 분석과 대처방안은 스트레스에 직면한 보육교사로부터 효과적인 방안을 제시함으로써 영유아의 보육과 교육의 질을 높이고 교사의 심신의 안정을 위해 필요한 연구이다. 보육교사의 직무스트레스에 대한 효과적인 대처방안을 제시함으로써 직무스트레스에 대한 예방 및 완화를 통해 건강한 생활태도를 보육, 교육에 대한 서비스 질적인 향상으로 이어지게 하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 보육교사가 가지게 되는 직무스트레스에 관한 사항은 다양한 테스트와 기술을 사용할 수 있는 전문가의 개입이 필요하며 이를 통해 보육교사의 스트레스 경감에 대한 실질적이고 체계적인 도움이 필요하다.

가정에서 가족의 식생활을 책임지고 있는 주부들은 식품안전과 관련된 정보에 매우 민감하여 주부들에게 어떤 정보를 제공했을 때 안심하고 식품을 구매하는지를 알아보는 것은 매우 중요하다. 이 연구는 건강신념모형에서 건강행동을 촉진한다고 알려진 지각된 위협, 행동평가, 자기효능감 같은 요인들이 주부들의 실제 식품안전 인식과 행동에 얼마나 영향을 미치는지를 알아보기 위해 이루어졌 다. 본 연구는 191명의 가정주부를 대상으로 이루어졌으며, 건강신념모형의 주요변수인 지각된 이익과 지각된 장애, 자기효능감, 지각된 심각성과 지각된 개연성 그리고 식품안전 행동에 영향을 미친다고 알려진 건강지향성과 지식수준을 측정하기 위한 설문지가 사용되었다. 일반적 특성을 분석한 결과를 보면 교육수준이 높을수록 그리고 대도시에 살수록 식품안전에 대한 위협을 더 많이 느끼고 안전한 식품을 구매하려는 경향이 더 높았다. 또한 연구 변수간의 상관관계를 분석한 결과를 보면 안전한 식품에 대한 지식이 더 많을수록 그리고 건강에 대한 관심이 높을수록 상대적 이익이나 자기효능감도 높으며 그에 따라 안전한 식품을 구매하려는 경향이 높은 경향을 보였다. 한편 건강신념모형에 근거한 식품안전 행동에 대한 개념모형을 구조방정식분석으로 검증한 결과 적합한 모형 적합도를 보였으며 구매행동에 지각된 위협보다 지식수준과 상대적 이익이 큰 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과를 볼 때 주부가 안전한 식품을 구매하도록 돕기 위해서는 방송이나 신문 같은 공적 경로를 적극 활용하는 식품안전에 대한 정보의 지속적인 제공으로 지식수준을 높여주고 위해성 정보보다는 예방이 가능한 정보 제공으로 안전한 식품을 구매하려는 노력이 실제로 가정의 건강을 지키는데 도움이 된다는 점을 홍보해야 한다는 것을 시사한다.

Online reviews enable brands to promote their products by means of word-of-mouth communication. In an e-commerce environment, user-generated customer feedback, as a form of electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM), is a crucial source of information in the prepurchase stage as many customers base their purchase decision on feedback from other customers. eWOM is perceived as a reliable source of information and has become especially important in an online environment (Chevalier & Mayzlin, 2006; Li & Zhan, 2011). Existing research has shown that customer feedback positively influences sales (Chevalier & Mayzlin, 2006; Forman, Ghose, & Wiesenfeld, 2008; Ha, Bae, & Son, 2015). Yet, only very limited research on how to communicate customer feedback to maximize a company’s top-line growth has been conducted (Packard & Berger, 2017). In this study, we aim to fill this gap by investigating how numerical customer feedback metrics should be communicated to attract new customers. Using an experiment, we empirically investigate which of the two widely established numerical customer feedback metrics, a customer recommendation rate or a customer satisfaction rate, is better suited to attract new customers and hence stimulate company growth. The impact of the stimulus on the purchase process is measured by means of three different dependent variables to imitate the hierarchy of a purchase decision: consumers’ interest towards the ad, their attitude towards the product shown in the ad as well as their purchase intention. Furthermore, we include several moderating factors, which have proven to be relevant when looking at online reviews, namely product type as well as consumers’ motivation and ability to process persuasive communication (Gupta & Harris, 2010; Klein, 1998; Petty & Cacioppo, 1986).

This paper’s aim is to provide an insight into when and for what type of innovation are different types of customers most effective participants in the NPD process (Gemser & Perks 2015). Most of prior research has not considered type of innovation or only focused on one stage of NPD process, although both innovation type and each NPD process are critical factors to the NPD performance in the customer co-development context (Chatterji & Fabrizio 2014). Even though some research has examined all stages of NPD process, they also did not specify users or innovation types to compare them. Thus, we will examine the effect of customer participation on NPD performance considering both innovation and user types in terms of each NPD process. The specific research questions are 1) In the NPD process, will the impact of customer participation on NPD performance differ by user-type (lead users vs. ordinary users)? And the NPD stage?, 2) If so, when we consider both user-type and NPD stage, will the impact of customer participation on NPD performance differ depending on the type of innovation (Incremental vs. radical)? The hypotheses are developed as a basis for the subsequent research. This research has several theoretical contributions. First, we discover more appropriate user type in each NPD stage in the customer participation process. Second, we also find more appropriate user characteristics depending on the type of innovation. Third, if lead users are involved rather than ordinary users, customer participation in the development stage can generate positive impact on NPD performance, which is the opposite result compared to previous research (e.g., Chang & Taylor 2016). Finally, we show practical implications and limitations.

With the arrival of multimedia environment due to the development of digital technology, advertisement surrogacy type and structure are diversified. This advertising agency is a situation that requires a commission system idea suitable for changing environments. Especially in Korea, there is no legal standard of advertising agent fee. Principles such as the fee rate and the burden body of the fee that depended on this custom are also considered part. In particular, government advertisements, where advertising costs are in short supply compared to private companies, need to establish a more efficient system of subsidies. Currently, the compensation system for advertising agencies in Korea is based on commission However, there are many opinions that it is necessary to have a gross fee system that is necessary for acting as an advertising agency, and there is a strong tendency for actual global advertising companies to pursue the agency fee system. We propose the feasibility of the fee system by analyzing the commission system suitable for the multi-media environment, focusing on the commission, the fee system, etc. The results of the study show that the fee system of the domestic advertising market It can become a method that can complement the market, and it is also a direction for domestic advertising companies to seek in a market where global competition is intense. The research methodology is based on the analysis of the advertising agency fee system of Korea and the comparison of the fee system of the global advertising agency with the analysis of the structure of the advertising market in major overseas countries, , Where basic information such as surveys of prisoners are used together. This result will serve as a guide for efficient advertising by means of marketing communication using media.

Introduction Recently, the popularization of mobile devices has been changing the pattern of customers’ life. In the online market, the distribution market has been also expanding from PC-based online to mobile shopping using smart phones. As the shopping market using mobile has grown rapidly in the developing smart age, the interest of home shopping is moving toward mobile media. Through the home shopping company's web site and mobile application, live broadcasting, real-time communication service, and other customers’ review are performed at the same time. Home shopping customers who have questions or inquiries about products are meeting salespeople through home shopping mobile application and real-time communication service. The significance of this study is to present effective strategies for connecting live home shopping and real-time communication of mobile application, thereby enabling customers to make smart consumption. Through this service, home shopping company can perceive customers’ needs as well as form cocreation value with customers. In addition, home shopping company aims to provide a more useful and effective method in the process of providing real-time communication service by checking the form of customers participating in real-time communication service. Theoretical Development Although there are many prior researches on adaptive selling on salespeople in offline, research on effective sales strategies of live home shopping and real-time communication using application has not yet been conducted. Nowadays, many customers' purchasing methods are moving from offline to online. Therefore, by referring to similarities between virtual world and actual society in Internet space studied in many previous studies, we would like to find out whether the offline advantage of "adaptive selling tactics" in the sales field can be applied to on-line. Adaptive selling means changing sales behavior throughout the interaction or interaction with the customer based on perceived information about the sales situation. Salespeople need to change their sales behavior in order to meet each sales situation or individual customer's desires. Adaptive selling can be said to modify the communication style and content according to the customer's desire (Weitz, Sujan & Sujan, 1986; Spiro & Weitz, 1990). The main reason for the co-creation value activities of companies and customers is that the marketing paradigm is shifting from good-dominant logic to service-dominant logic (Lusch & Vargo, 2006). This means that new value creation areas of new product development are expanding as customers participate in various decision-making related to the companies (Payne, Storbacka & Frow, 2008). To realize the value proposition, a firm must co-create value with its customers by means of direct interaction (Grönroos & Voima, 2013). Research Design The contents of this study are as follows. First, we divide the adaptive selling strategies of salespeople in real life into live home shopping and mobile application roles, and then examine whether live home shopping and mobile application affect customer trust. In previous study, Frazier and Summers (1984) proposed six tactics – information exchange, recommendation, request, threats, promises, and legalistic pleas, and Richard et al. (2006) proposed another six tactics. Anderson and Weitz (1989) define trust as one party’s belief that its needs will be fulfilled in the future by actions undertaken by the other party. Second, we investigate the effect of customer trust on home shopping commitment relationship. Ganesan (1994) defined relationship commitment as the desire to develop stability of relationship, the belief that the relationship is sustainable, and the willingness to make short-term sacrifices to maintain the relationship. Through this process, we are able to confirm the possibility of replacing actual meeting with tool called online real - time communication. Third, we want to find out the effect of home shopping commitment relationship on brand commitment relationship. Even if the same brand product, we can know the effect of commitment relationship depending on home shopping company. Finally, we are going to find out how to create co-creation values with customers by real-time communication service to solve the questions and problems of customers immediately. The creation of co-creation values between customers and companies can increase the success rate of new product development that reflects the core needs of customers and reduce resources such as corporate marketing and R & D, which can ultimately serve as a driving force for creating sustainable competitive advantage (Vernette & Hamdi-kidar, 2013).

Products are successfully designed only when they are in accord with the users’ emotional needs. A systematic research approach is aimed to propose that physiological metrics can be effectively used to assess user emotion and behavior intention based on an eye tracker and neurophysiological approach. Forty participants (20 males and 20 females, mean age=35.6, SD=6.38, range 21-48 years), were recruited from college campuses and communities to conduct an eye tracker and electroencephalography (EEG) experiment with the presented stimuli (images of SUVs). The study uses partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) to test the model hypotheses. The results show a strong and significant relationship between eye tracker metrics, neurophysiological metrics, user affective responses, and behavior intention. These findings could enable industrial counselors, professional product designers, and academics to categorize users’ emotional needs that can be subsequently incorporated into final product design.

China, with its rapid growing wealthy consumers, is increasingly becoming a major market for luxury brands and products. It is believed that the growing consumption of wildlife products in China is one of the key factors in the acceleration of global extinction of endangered species. It is certainly not an easy task to reveal consumers’ true motivations behind their purchase, but is even tougher to change their behavior. In the field of wildlife conservation, despite many efforts so far have been made to de-market the consumption, the results are not encouraging. This study is designed to fill the research gap by treating ivory purchase as a type of luxury product purchase in China. Through studying the behavior and its underlying values and motivations, this research is aimed to identify effective communication strategies to curve the ivory consumption in China. Pretest among small groups was first conducted for the purpose of scale validity evaluation. A random stratified sample was obtained from an online panel in China in January 2018. Total 600 usable samples were obtained. The data analysis showed a strong and positive relationship between power distance and materialism; power distance and negative attitude toward social media. Materialism/collectivism is found a strong predicator of positive attitude toward social media and social media usage. While ivory likely buyers associate uncertainty avoidance with materialism and positive attitude toward social network, ivory purchase rejecters demonstrate a positive relationship between long term orientation and materialism; long term orientation and positive attitude toward social media. Based on the strong relationships between materialism and social media usage we found form this study, it is recommended to design a social media campaign to dissociate ivory products from social status; and to associate social status with healthier, greener alternatives (e.g., Tesla car). Advocating desired behavior (e.g., charitable works to save elephants in Africa) in social media and de-advocating the undesired behaviors by celebrities on TV (e.g., ‘No Trading - No Killing’ campaign by YaoMing) is likely to work for likely ivory buyers.

Shopping cart abandonment of the online shopping process is a major challenge for firms. It describes the phenomenon that a potential customer starts a check out process for an online order but drops out of the process before completing the purchase. On average, 650 out of 1,000 customers do not convert (Baymard Institute 2017), which highlights the managerial relevance and impact of this phenomenon for online firms. Since shopping cart abandonment directly affects an online firm’s sales and revenue, researchers and practitioners likewise are interested in understanding why people leave a website without completing the shopping process and, more importantly, how to reduce online shopping cart abandonment. However, to date, research on these questions is scarce (e.g., Kukar-Kinney and Close 2010) and firms lack guidance how to deal with online shopping cart abandonment. The goal of this study is to investigate effective countermeasures that firms can use to reduce and prevent the likelihood of abandonment and thereby to increase the likelihood of a conversion. We conducted a field experiment in cooperation with a German accessories online retailer over three weeks (n = 8,467 shopping carts) and tested the effectiveness of a reminder pop-up window with a 10% discount vs. a reminder pop-up window without a discount vs. a control group. All online store visitors within the period were randomly assigned to one of three groups once they have put an item in the shopping cart. The pop-up windows appeared once they were about to click on the exit button. Our results indicate that a reminder pop-up window with a 10% discount significantly increases the conversion rate on the website compared to the control group, leading to an increase in revenue of approximately € 5,000. In contrast, a reminder pop up window a discount does not seem to reduce shopping cart abandonment. Further, we will investigate how this campaign affects the retailer’s overall profitability. In addition, using a laboratory experiment (n = 1,041) we replicated and extended our insights on effective countermeasures for shopping cart abandonment. People seem to be more likely to convert when there is a guest checkout option available. In sum, our research has important implications for researchers and online firms how to deal with online shopping cart abandonment.

몰입감은 게임을 플레이 하는데 중요한 요소이며 궁극적으로 게임 자체의 성공을 좌우하는 재미 그 자체아 결부되기도 한다. 시각적 영역과 밀접한 연관이 있는 해상도는 게임 개발에 있어서 비중있는 요소이며 게임을 개발할 때 염두에 두어야 할 요소이기도 하다. 그래픽 기술의 발전은 하드웨어 발전과 함께해 왔으며, 대부분의 게임은 현재 고해상도의 고품질 그래픽으로 개발되고 있다. 현재 다양한 사용자들의 다양한 해상도 정보 분석 및 시장 조사는 게임 개발자들에게 효과 적인 정보를 제공해 줄 것이며 연구 가치가 있다고 할 수 있다. 본 연구는 지난 4년 간 네이버 소프트웨어 문서분야에서 가장 많은 다운로드 수를 기록하고 있는 문서 뷰어인 'DAVU'의 사용자 정보를 통해 한국인 IT사용자들의 평균 해상도를 분석한다. 'DAVU'는 국내 통합 뷰어 솔루션으로 2014년 국내 문서 및 이미지 뷰어 솔루션을 통해 서비스를 시작했으며 사용자가 뷰어를 실행할 때 개인정보를 제외한 사용자 정보(해상도, 파일 포맷, OS, IE정보 등)를 서버로 전송하여 집계가 가능하다. 이 연구는게임 및 소프트웨어뿐만 아니라 모니터 하드웨어 산업에도 효율적 정보를 제공해 주는 연구가 될 것이다.

2010년 1월 해양사고조사코드의 발효를 통하여 해양사고 조사에 대한 표준화된 지침이 마련되었고, 더불어 국제해사기구는 체 약국에게 동 지침의 준해양사고제도의 관리를 권고함에 따라 우리나라에서도 2010년 해양사고의 조사 및 심판에 관한 법률에 준해양사고 제도에 관한 조항을 신설하게 된다. 중앙해양안전심판원은 준해양사고제도의 효율적 운영을 통하여 해양사고를 예방하고자 다각적인 노력을 기울이고 있으나 본 제도는 좀처럼 활성화되지 못하고 있다. 본 연구는 준해양사고제도의 운영실태와 문제점을 살펴보고, 해외의 우수한 준해양사고제도 및 철도, 항공 등의 유사교통기관의 준사고제도를 분석함으로써 준해양사고제도의 효율적 이행을 위한 방안을 제시 하는 데 그 목적이 있다. 이에는 특히 준해양사고 자율보고로의 전환, 사법적 기능이 없는 민간단체로의 이관, 준해양사고보고에 대한 인 센티브 제도의 확대, 법제도 개선 및 세부 이행 지침의 마련 등이 포함된다.