Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is an important policy implemented before starting development projects to estimate and reduce environmental impact. However, the difficulty of quantification on several rating categories has hampered comprehensive analysis. Instead of it, the current EIA just summarizes outcome of investigation. Therefore, EIA fails to definitively ascertain whether the development shold be approved or not. This study aimed at providing the way to comprehensive decision-making by applying Emergy analysis and Emergy indicators to EIA. Production (P), Emergy Yield Ratio (EYR), Environmental Loading Ratio (ELR) and Emergy Sustainability Index (ESI) were selected for indicators. The indicators of range approving the development were set up with comparing before and after development or according to circumstances of which view of average that was classified as region or industry is appropriate to analysis. As a result, the value after development of P should be higher than the value before development. EYR and ESI of the value before development should be higher than region or industry average. On the contrary to these, ELR of the value after development should be lower than region or industry average. To verify applying Emergy indicators to EIA comprehensive analysis, Emergy evaluation was conducted to real case. As a result, applying Emergy analysis could suggest whether the development is appropriate or not. These indices and the result of this research are expected to be applied decision-making on environmental impact for sustainable development.

For areas with the diverse contamination sources, the change of 4-nitrophenol contamination and impact of potential contamination sources have been evaluated using monitoring data and a numerical model (HydroGeoSphere). The model considered several parameters including land cover, precipitation, and flow rate. And, the model has been performed to investigate the effect of decay rate of 4-nitrophenol. The results of the simulations showed that the influence on 4-nitrophenol in downstream was mainly greater than that in upstream, and the tributaries did not significantly affect the mainstream because of their low flow rates. In addition, the effect of contamination sources was simulated for each section, then the measured data were higher than the corresponding simulated data in most sections of the Geumho river. In particular, the impact of the potential contamination sources in the upstream area was much higher than that in the other area, thus more monitoring data for the upstream area is required.

This study uses an endogenous economic growth model to determine the long run relationship between trade openness and economic growth in China by using the data 1975-2009.It contributes to the literature by developing trade openness index. An autoregressive distributed lag approach to cointegration and rolling regression method are employed. This study tests the link between trade openness and economic growth in the case of China by using the framework of endogenous economic growth model. This study also employs the rolling window regression method in order to examine the stability of coefficients throughout the sample span. The autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) cointegration technique and rolling regression method are used. The empirical findings indicate that trade openness (i.e. Both individual trade indicator and composite trade openness index) are positively related to economic growth in the long run and short run. Our results indicate that trade openness as measured by individual trade indicator and composite trade openness index are positively related to economic growth in the long run and short run. However, results from the rolling window suggest that trade openness is negatively linked to economic growth only for a number of years.

Sensitivity analysis of the WRF model according to the impact of nudging (e.g., nudging techniques and application domains) was conducted during high nocturnal ozone episode to improve the prediction of the regional ozone concentration in the southeastern coastal area of the Korean peninsula. The analysis was performed by six simulation experiments: (1) without nudging (e.g., CNTL case), (2) with observation nudging (ONE case) to all domains (domain 1∼4), (3) with grid nudging (GNE case) to all domains, (4)∼(6) with grid nudging to domain 1, domain 1∼2 and domain 1∼3, respectively (GNE-1, GNE-2, GNE-3 case). The results for nudging techniques showed that the GNE case was in very good agreement with those observed during all analysis periods (e.g., daytime, nighttime, and total), as compared to the ONE case. In particular, the large effect of grid nudging on the near-surface meteorological factors (temperature, relative humidity, and wind fields) was predicted at the coastline and nearby sea during daytime. The results for application domains showed that the effects of nudging were distinguished between the meteorological factors and between the time periods. When applied grid nudging until subdomain, the improvement effects of temperature and relative humidity had differential tendencies. Temperature was increased for all time, but relative humidity was increased in daytime and was decreased in nighttime. Thus, GNE case showed better result than other cases.

This study proposes a flood fragility analysis of bridges for considering debris impacts. The reliability analysis is conducted using the first-order reliability method (FORM) with an finite element model of a bridge column built in ABAQUS. A fragility curve of the bridge column is obtained based on the procedure described in this study.

In classical dynamics, the coefficient of restitution is one of variables to estimate the amount of impulse. In general, we have considered the coefficient of restitution as a constant value. However, coefficient of restitution (COR) is the function of contact material and colliding velocity. Furthermore, COR is also a function of contact area. Thus, without considering the variable characteristic of COR, the actual motion of an object just after impact is not the same as we expect. A general COR model is proposed in this work and its effectiveness is verified through a cart impact experiment and its result is applied to simulation of a ball impact problem. A three-degree-of-freedom manipulator is employed as a test-bed.

저수지의 효과적인 수질관리를 위해서는 신뢰도 높은 수리 및 수질모형이 필요하며, 이러한 모형의 성능은 다양한 수문사 상에 대하여 적용함으로써 검증할 수 있다. CE-QUAL-W2 모형은 횡방향 평균 2차원 수리 및 수질 모형으로써 진양호와 같이 수체의 수심과 길이에 비해 폭이 좁은 저수지에 적합한 모형으로 앞선 연구자들에서 많이 사용되어 왔다. 본 연구에서 는 용수수요가 증가할 것으로 예상되는 남강댐 유역에 대하여 풍수년인 2011년과 평수년인 2009년의 수문사상에 대하여 검보정을 실시하였고, 보정년도인 2011년의 수문사상과 수질 조건을 이용하여 취수량 증가에 대한 영향을 모의하였다. 모의 결과 취수량을 변화시킴에 따라 T-N, T-P 및 Chlorophyll-α 농도는 증가하는 것으로 나타났고, 특히 갈수기에 각각 최대 62.53%, 39.07%, 232.19% 증가하는 것으로 나타났으며, Chlorophyll-α 농도의 변화는 T-P의 변화특성과 비슷한 추세를 보였다.

Current design codes (AASHTO, Korean Highway Bridge Design Code) do not account for dynamic effects. Since, the dynamic impact analysis is complicate to recommend and analysis. In this study, concrete bridge column were developed with two boundary conditions in order to take account dynamic behavior of the column and in-direct impact analysis was conducted. Furthermore, a comparison study of in-direct impact analysis with direct impact analysis was conducted.

In this paper, the peak impact factor response spectrum is verified through finite element (FE) analysis using a simply supported bridge. The FE model is a slab bridge designed with 4 m width and 8 m length. The FE analysis is applied on the bridge modeled with 2D frame and 3D solid. By considering 5% damping ratio, the peak impact factors of the FE models and the response spectrum are compared. From the results, a very small difference of about 1.5% is found between the FE models and the response spectrum.

본 연구에서는 고해상도 기후시나리오를 이용하여 국내 대표 도시 지역인 서울특별시를 대상으로 기준기간(1971～2000년) 대비 미래기간 2020s (2011～2040년), 2050s (2041～2070년), 2080s (2071～2100년)의 기후변화에 따른 배수시스템의 영향을 평가하 였다. 이를 위해 과거 관측 강수량 자료는 기상청 관할 기상관측소와 자동기상관측망 자료를 이용하였으며, 기후변화 시나리오는 RegCM3과 Sub-BATS 기법을 통해 역학적 상세화된 5 × 5 km 해상도 기반의 시단위 강수량 자료를 생산하였다. 과거기간 대비 미래기간 확률강우량의 변동성을 비교한 결과 과거기간 대비 2080s의 확률강우량 증가율은 28～54%로 나타났으며, 특히 지속시간 3시간, 6시간, 24시간 확률강우량의 증가폭이 크게 나타났다. 또한 배수시스템의 기후변화 영향을 직접적으로 분석하기 위해 XP-SWMM을 이용하여 유출해석을 수행하였다. 평가 결과, 강우강도 증가로 인해 과거기간 대비 미래 3기간에 공릉1, 서초2, 신림4 배수분구의 침수발생 맨홀 수와 월류량이 크게 증가하였다. 이러한 결과는 현재 구축되어 있는 서울시 배수시스템은 기후변화 에 취약함을 나타내고 있으며, 이에 대응하기 위해 다양한 기후변화 적응대책이 요구됨을 의미한다.c

Current design standards (Korea Highway Bridge Design, AASHTO), the dynamic behavior under the impact loading has not been considered, only considered static force for designing bridge column against vehicle collisions. In this study, vehicle collisions to concrete bridge column were developed with various boundary conditions, and a comparison study of direct impact analysis of vehicle to bridge-column with in-direct impact analysis was performed.

토석류 피해를 저감하기 위한 가장 적극적인 방법으로 사방댐이 적용되고 있다. 기존에는 불투과형 형식의 댐으로서 전석댐이나 콘크리트댐이 대부분 적용되었으나, 최근들어 물과 토사는 흘러 보내고 암석 및 유목만 차단하는 기능을 갖는 투과형 사방댐이 토석류를 차단하는데는 더 효과적이라는 분석도 나오고 있어, 상류 및 중류의 계곡에는 슬릿형식 및 버트레스형식의 투과형 사방댐의 보급이 확대되고 있다. 그러나 투과형 사방댐의 암석충돌에 대한 설계기준이 명확하지 않고 더불어 암석과 충돌할 때에 발생하는 거동에 대한 분석도 이루어지고 있지 않다. 본 연구는 대변형 충돌해석을 수행하여 투과형 사방댐이 외부 충격을 받을 때 어떠한 거동을 보이는지 분석하였다. 실제 암석을 원형 구체로 이상화하여 모델링 하였으며, 우리나라에서 발생한 토석류의 평균유속으로 충돌조건을 산정하였다. 범용 충돌해석 프로그램을 활용하여 대변형 충돌해석을 수행하였으며, 해석결과 스크린 부재가 가장 중요한 역할을 하는 것으로 나타났다. 대변형 충돌해석을 통한 사방댐의 거동분석은 투과형 사방댐 설계시 최적의 단면형상을 도출하는데 도움을 줄 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

This study analyzed the effect of Greenhouse of wood pellet fuel conversing from Diesel. Analyzed through a life cycle assessment of greenhouse gas emissions of carbon dioxide for the environmental assessment, In evaluation of the Ministry of the Environment, analyzed through the life cycle assessment of carbon dioxide emissions of the greenhouse gas and, In the case of economic evaluation, we analyzed the investment payback period to the total revenue generated by each of the calculated incentive based on the RHI and institutions reduction projects a reduction of costs associated with the reduction of fuel costs.

The bridge is one of the important infrastructures. If vehicle collision is occurred in bridge column, It can caused for bridge collapse. Bridge columns are vulnerable to impact loadings of Vehicles. In this study, Non-linear dynamic analysis of reinforced concrete bridge column in impact loading were performed using LS-Dyna.

According to recent meterological disasters, social awareness for safety of infrastructure is heightened by increasing natural disasters such as Fukushima accident, landslide of Umyeon mountain. Also scale of landslide is increased in Korea but safety review of dam is insufficient. In this study, we reviewed data(reservoir capacity, type of dam, danger map of korea forest service, satellite pictures, geologic map, etc.) and conducted site investigation whose the area is the most dangerous. Based on the results, we choose the most dangerous dam and analysis site close examination, slope stability analysis, scale of debris flow, etc. As a result, we will conduct measures establish on reinforcement and final evaluation of landslide's hazard.

Vehicle collision is one of cause for structural failure. The increased load carrying capacity of the truck is also a threat for existing structures. Recent studies show the actual shear capacity of the column of bridge is larger than industrial standards. In this study, truck-column collision model was developed and load carrying capacity of a column were evaluated.

In this study, sensitivity analysis to investigate the effect on analytical results of the aircraft impact analysis parameter for the nuclear power plant was carried out. Verification of the analytical model and method using the test results was performed. The eroding parameter of the Winfrith concrete material model in LS-Dyna and modelling method of the SC wall structure were studied. Finally, these results are to be used for the development of the structural safety evaluation procedure for the aircraft impact on the nuclear power plant.

Construction of long span bridges is rapidly increasing, the criteria of impact load and study of stability for suspension bridge cables by rear-end collisions and crash of the vehicle, not at the moment is the actual situation. In this study, the main cable of suspension bridges was applied appropriate impact loads and analyzed the structural stability of the cable.