기계적 합금화 공정과 가압소결법으로 (Pb1-xSnx)Te(0≤x≤0.4)합금을 제조하여 SnTe 함량에 따른 열전특성을 분석하였다. PbTe와 (Pb0.9Sn0.1)Te 가압소결체는 각기 200˚C와 300˚C에서 p형에서 n형으로 천이되었으나, SnTe를 0.2몰 이상 함유한 가압소결체는 450˚C까지의 온도범위에서 p형 전도를 나타내었다. Extrinsic 전도영역에서 SnTe 함량이 증가함에 따라 (Pb1-xSnx)Te 가압소결체의 Seebeck 계수와 전기비저항이 감소하였다. SnTe 함량이 증가함에 따라 (Pb1-xSnx)Te 가압소결체의 최대성능지수를 나타내는 온도가 고온으로 이동하였으며, (Pb0.7Sn0.3)Te 가압소결체는 200˚C에서 0.68×10-3/K의 최대성능지수를 나타내었다.

W-12.8wt%Cu-7.2%Pb powders were milled at room temperature and to investigate the mechanical alloying behavior of immiscible W-Cu-Pb system and the effect of milling temperature on the extent of alloying and microstructural refinement. W-Cu-Pb powder reached steady state after further extended milling due to Pb addition, compared to the W-Cu system. The cryomilling at caused the more refinement of powder particle size, and enhanced the solubility of Cu or Pb in W, compared with milling at room temperature. In W-12.8wt%Cu-7.2%Pb powder cryomilled at , the monotectic temperature of Cu-Pb as well as the melting temperature of Cu was decreased by refinement of Cu crystalline size, and the most amorphization was occurred after milling for 150 h.

W-Cu alloy is attractive to thermal managing materials in microelectronic devices because of its good thermal properties. The metal injection molding (MIM) of W-Cu systems can satisfy the need for mass production of the complex shaped W-Cu parts in semiconductor devices. In this study, the application of MIM process of the mechanically alloyed (MA) W-Cu composite powders, which had higher sinterability were investigated. The MA W-Cu powders and reduction treated (RT) powders were injected by using of the multicomponent binder system. The multi-stage debinding cycles were adopted in and atmosphere. The isostatic repressing treatment was carried out in order to improve the relative density of brown parts. The brown part of RT W-Cu composite powder sintered at 110 had shown the higher sinterability compared to that of MA powder. The relative sintered density of all specimens increased to 96% by sintering at 120 for 1 hour. The relationship between green density and the sintering behavior of MA W-Cu composite powder was analyzed and discussed on the basis of the nanostructured characteristics of the MA W-Cu composite powder.

The elevated temperature compressive tests were carried out in order to investigate the deformation behavior and microstructural characteristics of Al-8%Ti, Al-12%Ti and Al-16%Ti (wt%) alloys, which were mechanically alloyed and consolidated by vacuum hot pressing, A13Ti intermetallic phases were formed with sizes of few hundred nanometers in the mechanically alloyed Al-Ti alloys. The compressive strength of mechanically alloyed AA-Ti alloys increased with decroasing the temperature and with increasing the strain rate. The strain rate sensitivities of Al-8%Ti, Al-12%Ti and Al-16%Ti alloys were measured 0.02,0.03, and 0.14, respectively, at 35.

Sintering behavior of nanostructured(NS) W-Cu powders prepared by mechanical alloying (MA) was investigated as a function of sintering temperature. MA NS W-2owt%Cu and W-3owt%Cu composite powders with the crystal size of 20-30 nm were annealed at 90, and thermal characteristics of those powders were investigated by DSC. Sintering behavior of MA NS W-Cu composite powders was investigated during the solid-state sintering and the Cu-liquid phase sintering. The new nanosintering phenonenon of MA W-Cu powders at solid-state sintering temperature was suggested to explain the W-grain growth in the inside of MA powders. The sintering densification of MA NS W-Cu powders was enhanced at Cu melting temperature by arrangement of MA powders, i.e., the first rearrangement of MA powders was occurred, and then the rearrangement of W-grains in the sintered parts was also took place during liquid-phase sintering, i.e., the second rearrangement was happened. Due to the double rearrangement process of MA NS W-Cu powders, the high sintered density with more than 96%o was obtained and the fine and high homogeneous state of W and Cu phases was achieved by sintering at 1200 .

본 연구에서는 기지금속과의 고상이나 액상의 고용한이 거의 없는 금속-카본(carbon)계에서 고에너지 볼밀공정을 이용하여 고체 윤활 청동베어링용 Cu-C-X계 나노복합금속분말을 제조하고자 하였다. Cu-10wt.%C-5wt.%AI과 Cu-10wt.%C-5wt.%Fe의 혼합분말을 이르곤 분위기의 attritor내에서 기계적 합금화한 후 Cu-C-X의 나노복합금속분말의 미세조직 특성을 조사하였다. AI, Fe를 첨가하였을 때 10시간 이상의 MA공정에서부터 약 10μm이하의 미세한 Cu-C-X나노복합금속분말을 얻을 수 있었으며, MA 시간에 따른 분말의 형상과 미세구조 변화는 금속-금속계의 MA 과정과 유사하게 진행되는 것을 알 수 있었다. Cu-C-X 나노복합금속분말의 X-선 회절시험 결과, MA 시간에 따라 Cu와 C분말의 회절피크의 폭은 넓어지고 회절강도는 감소하였으며, 특히 흑연피크의 MA시간에 따른 소멸은 흑연의 낮은 원자산란계수 때문에 의한 X-선 흡수 영향으로 고찰하였다. Williamson-Hall식으로 계산된 Cu-C-X 나노복합금속분말내의 Cu의 결정립은 15시간 이상의 MA공정에서부터 약 10nm이하의 크기를 가졌으며, TEM 분석결과로는 불규칙한 형상의 약 10-30nm 크기로 복합화된 Cu결정립을 확인할 수 있었다.

Milling media of steel and partially stabilized zirconia(PSZ) were used to produce Si by mechanical alloying(MA) of Mo-25.0at%Si elemental powder mixture. The effect of milling medium materials on MA of the powder mixture have been investigated by XRD and DTA. The reaction rate and the end-product noticeably depended upon the milling medium material. The formation of Si and phases by PSZ ball-milling took place after 15 hr of MA and was characterized by a slow reaction rate as Mo, Si, and Si coexisted for a long period of milling time. The formation of a new phase by steel ball-milling, however, did not take Place even after 96 hr of MA. DTA and annealing results showed that and Si were formed after heating the ball-milled powder specimens to different temperatures. At low temperatures, Mo and Si were transformed into . At high temperatures, the formation of Si can be partially attributed to the reaction, 7Mo+Si+-.4Si . The formation of Si and Mo5Si3 phases by mechanical alloying of the powder mixture and the relevant reaction rate appeared to depend upon the milling medium material as well as the thermodynamic properties of the end-products.

Ball mill을 이용하여 Ar 분위기에서 기계적 합금법으로 Fe 5Six B5-x 분말을 제조하고, 제조된 분말을 연속 진공 열처리 시킨 후 Si첨가에 따른 결정구조 및 자기적성질을 조사하였다. 250시간 볼밀처리한 Fe5 B5 합금에서 전체적으로 비정질 구조가 형성되었으나 일부분에 결정질이 존재하고 있었으며, 800˚C에서 2시간 열처리하면 FeB와 Fe2B 상이 혼재된 구조를 얻었다. 250시간 볼밀처리한 Fe5 Si2B3합금에서 전체적으로 비정질 구조를 얻을 수 있었고, 이 시료를 2시간, 800˚C로 열처리 하였을 때 Fe2B상은 사라지고, 대부분 FeB의 균질한 상을 나타내었다. Fe5 B5 /조성에서는 분말 입자크기가 약 1μm이었으나, Si이 첨가되면 분말 입자크기가 약 10μm로 커졌다. Si의 첨가에 의해서 비정질상의 형성을 촉진시켜 단일 FeB상의 합성시간을 단축시킬 수 있었다.

Mechanical alloying of and added ODS from elemental powders was investigated by the X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimeter, transmission electron microscopy and optical microscopy. The steady states of and ODS powders were reached after mechanical alloying with the condition of the ball-to-powder input ratio of 20:1 for 20 hours and 10 hours, respectively. The addition of nano-sized particles enhanced cold working and fracture, and subsequently accelerated MA of powders. DSC results of MAed powders showed four exothermic peaks at 14, 234, 337 and 385. From the high temperature X-ray diffraction analysis, it was concluded that the peaks were resulted from the recovery solution of unalloyed Al in Ni, the formation of intermediate phase NiAl, and ordering of MAed powders.

Milling media of steel and zirconia were used to produce by mechanical alloying (MA) of Mo and Si powders. The effect of milling media on MA of Mo-65.8at%Si powder mixture has been investigated by SEM, XRD, DTh and in-situ thermal analysis. The powders mechanically alloyed by milling medium of steel for 8 hours showed the structure of fine mixture of Mo and Si, and those mechanically alloyed by milling medium of zirconia for longer milling time showed the structure of fine mixture of Mo and Si. The tetragonal - Phase and the tetragonal phase appeared with small Mo peaks in the powders milled by milling medium of steel for 4 and 8 hours. The - phase and the hexagonal - phase were formed after longer milling time. The - phase appeared with large Mo peaks in the powders milled by milling medium of zirconia for 4 hours. The phases, - and -. were formed in the powders milled for longer milling time. DTA and annealing results showed that Mo and Si were transformed into - and , while - into -. In-situ thermal analysis results demonstrated that there were a sudden temperature rise at 212 min and a gradual increase in temperature in case of milling media of steel and zirconia, respectively. The results indicate that MA can be influenced by materials of milling medium which can give either impact energy on powders or thermal energy accumulated in vial.