The objective of this study was conducted to evaluate the effects of poultry litter amendments on pH and soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) in poultry litter. Two laboratory studies were conducted for 42 d in Exp. 1 and for 10 d in Exp. 2, respectively. The poultry litter was treated with various amendments which included 4 g fly ash and 4 g AlCl3 (AlCl₃.6H₂O)/100 g litter in Exp. 1 and 4 g alum(Al₂(SO₄)₃.14H₂O), 8 g alum, 8.66 g liquid alum, and 17.3 g liquid alum/100 g litter in Exp. 2; untreated litter served as controls. There were no differences in pH between control and T1(4 g fly ash) and SRP contents between T1(4 g fly ash) and T2(4 g AlCl₃) in Exp. 1. A significant difference in pH and SRP contents in Exp. 2 was observed among all treatments(P< 0.05). In experiment 1, T1(4 g fly ash) and T2(4 g AlCl₃) at 42 d decreased SRP in litter by 47.1% and 62.6% of that from litter alone, repectively. In experiment 2, T1(4 g alum), T2(8.66 g liquid alum), T3(8 g alum), and T4(17.3 g liquid alum) treatments at 10 days reduced SRP contents by up to 36.2%, 62.9%, 87.0%, and 83.9%, respectively, when compared with the controls. Decrease in SRP contents was chiefly associated with reduction in litter pH. These results indicate that use of various litter amendments to limit P solubility has potential and should be pursued as a means of reducing soluble reative phosphorus during short term.

Passive sampler is a simple and cost-effective measuring equipment for ambient and indoor air pollution. We studied the performance of a short term (1 hour mean concentration) ozone passive sampler which was coated with a colorant (indigo carmine) to a filter substrate. Acetone and sulfamic acid added ozone passive sampler was investigated to measure short term mean ozone concentration. Ozone response and interference of criteria air pollutant(SO2, NO2, CO) on a short term ozone passive sampler was tested through experimental chamber. The results show sulfamic acid added passive ozone sampler have good response in ozone exposure. Interference of NO2 gas is larger than other two criteria gases.

Recently, Total Organic Carbon (TOC) which can be measured instantly can be used as an organic pollutant index instead of BOD or COD due to the diversity of pollutants and non-degradable problem. The primary purpose of the present study is to reveal the properties of time series data for TOC which have been measured by real-time monitoring in Juam Lake and, in particularly, to understand the long- and short-term characteristics with the extraction of the respective components based on the different return periods. For the purpose, we proposed Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) as the methodology. The results from the DWT showed that the different components according to the respective periodicities could be extracted from the time series data for TOC and the variation of each component with respect to time could emerge from the return periods and the respective energy ratios of the decomposed components against the raw data.

이산화탄소 처리에 따른 곰팡이의 생장억제 정도를 구명하기 위해 부패된 '황도' 복숭아로부터 분리된 Botrytis cinerea를 대상으로 본 연구를 수행하였다. 35, 60 또는 100%의 이산화탄소를 각각 24, 48 또는 72시간 동안 처리하여 곰팡이의 생장정도를 측정하였다. 상온조건에서 배양할 경우 고농도 이산화탄소 처리를 통해 생장속도를 억제할 수 있었으며 농도 및 처리기간이 증가할수록 효과가 증가하였다. 특히 100% 농도의 경우 처리

본 연구에서는 홍수시 다목적댐의 효율적 운영을 위하여 상류로부터 유입되는 홍수유입량을 실시간으로 예측하기 위해 역전파 신경망 모형을 사용하여 댐유입량 예측모형(Neural Dam Inflow Forecasting Model; NDIFM)을 개발하였다. NDIFM은 다목적댐에 의한 하류의 홍수조절 비중이 큰 낙동강의 남강댐 유역에 적용하였으며, 입력자료로는 댐유역 평균강우량, 실측 댐유입량, 예측 댐유입량 통을 사용하여 실시간 댐유입량 예측의 가능성을 검

In present study, attempts were made to preserve abalone (Haliotis discus hannai) sperm in liquid form at low temperature, to evaluate the effect of various diluents in short-term storage on sperm, and cryopreservation procedures were optimized for the cryoprotectants as well as freezing rates, in terms of the motility and survival rate, and the ultrastructural changes of sperm after short-term storage and cryopreservation were observed. The abalone sperm reached maximum motility until about 4min after activation. The motility was constant for about 16min, after which it dropped gradually, and about 50min later all motility ceased. Threshold activation of sperm was found in 40% artificial seawater (ASW), and motility increased as the concentration of ASW increased. In Hanks balanced salt solution without calcium (Ca-Free HBSS, 300 and 400 mOsmol/kg) and 10%, 20%, and 30% ASW the sperm was immotile, and motility once again restored incompletely only in HBSS of 300 and 400 mOsmol/kg, 20% and 30% ASW after 100% ASW was added. Sperm motility was extended following 20 days of cold storage only in 70% and 100% ASW. A high motility index of 3.5-4.5 was observed for the first 8 days in 70% and 80% ASW. In other diluents sperm motility was constant less than 10 days, and the motility index was obviously lower than that of sperm in 70% and 100% ASW. After 20 days of cold storage survival rates of 10.2%-20.7% were obtained in ASW and 300 mOsmol/kg HBSS, and that in 400 HBSS (65.3%) was significantly higher than others. The constant period of sperm motility stored in 70% ASW was longer obviously than that in 100% ASW after 6 days of storage, and the time to maximum motility of sperm stored in 70% increased gradually, while the difference in which of sperm in 100% ASW was not significant. The sperm plunged into liquid nitrogen all died except that sperm using 15% glycerol as cryoprotectant restored 10.4% of motility. The highest motility index (3.4) was obtained with 5% glycerol and freezing procedure: 50℃/min from to .

The short-term version of Industrial Source Complex Model(ISCST3) was evaluated for estimating short-term concentrations using criteria pollutant(SO2, NO2, CO, PM10) data form emission inventory of Young Tong area in Suwon for the year 2002. The contribution of pollutant concentration from point, line, area sources was found 21.8, 76.5 and 1.6%. Statistical parameters, such as correlation coefficient, index of agreement(IA), normalized mean square error(NMSE) and fractional bias(FB) were calculated for each pollutants. The model performance were found good for PM10(82%) and NO2(69%), but poor for SO2(34%) and CO(13%).

In this paper, we propose the Chaos Fuzzy controller to analyze the chaotic character of time series obtained from the specific plant and to predict the short-term for power consumption of the plant using the Fuzzy controller. We compared the predicted data with the active ones and checked the error generated by them after we time series of supplied power to the proposed controller. As a result of the simulation, we obtained a admirable consequence that the proposed controller can be advanced through various and accurate data acquisition, and continuous analysis of the resident and industrial environment.

본 연구에서는 하도 내에서의 부정류 유사이송으로 인한 하상변동의 일차원적 수치모델들을 개발하였다. 유사량과 하상변동에 대한 수치해를 얻기 위해 흐름의 방정식은 Preissmann 음해법과 Lax-Wendroff 2단 양해법을 그리고 유사의 연속방정식은 시간 전방차분, 공간 중앙차분 양해법을 사용하여 수치 적분하였고, Lax-Wendroff 기법 내에서 상류와 하류의 추가 경계조건을 구하기 위해 특성곡선법을 적용하였다. 모델의 정확도는 부피보존실험을 통하

To develop the prediction program for quality change of Citrus unshiu during marketing, we examined the quality characteristics of Citrus unshiu stored at experimental refrigerator set to 4, 8, 12 and 16 for 2 months. According to the storage temperature the changes of quality characteristics were different respectively, but it was most severe during 16 storage. Activation energy and Q10 value were 6683.16 cal/mol K and 1.53 respectively. The determination coefficient of regression equation of pH, acidity and vitamin C by surface response analysis were over 0.85. Using these regression equation, we developed the prediction program for the change of pH, acidity and vitamin C contents. The calculated values and experimental values of pH, acidity and vitamin C contents for short-term storage of Citrus unshiu were coincided well.