This study aims to examine the existing law-protected trees in the city of Daejeon and find out the way of creating urban small parks by utilizing them. To do this, this study reviewed previous research papers and scholastic writings, and surveyed present conditions and usage patterns of the 135 law-protected trees in the city of Daejeon.The result shows that the sites of 114 law-protected trees are possible to create as urban small parks and the sites of 42 trees, among them, have proper location and condition through the result of an evaluating sheet. To create urban small parks using the law-protected tree, considerations are as follows. First, the age, the origin, the tale, the cultural heritage, and so on should be carefully investigated through the scholastic research and survey. Second, systematical management system should be organized to maintain ecological sustainability. Third, each protected tree belongs to the community and the consciousness of citizens should be elevated to have a strong affection to them by educating and informing as a cultural heritage and a community symbol.

게임의 장르는 플레이어에게 주로 제공되는 플레이 방식에 따라 액션, 어드벤처, 롤플레잉, 시뮬레이션 등으로 나뉘며, 각 장르에서 게임은 다양한 형태의 밸런싱을 갖는다. 이 중 대전 격투 게임은 액션 장르의 한 형태로서, 단순해 보이지만 여러 가지의 복합적인 밸런싱 요소들을 가지고 있으며, 비교적 빠른 기간에 독립 장르로 확립되고 백여 편에 이르는 게임이 제작되어 초기의 불안정한 형태에서 최근의 안정된 형태에 이르기까지 다양한 게임 밸런싱 구조를 확인할 수 있다. 게임 밸런싱은 게임 내의 여러 구성요소 간 불균형을 해소하여 플레이어가 게임이 제공하는 모든 콘텐츠를 고루 이용하도록 유도하고, 그 과정에서 게임 플레이의 재미가 유지되는 것을 목표로 한다 또한 진행과정에 있어서 당위성을 부여하고, 조작에 따른 효율성을 증대시키며, 플레이어의 감정이입을 유도하여 몰입감을 향상시키는 등 게임의 완성도에 대한 평가와 수명(흥행)에 절대적인 영향을 미치는 중요한 요소로 인식되고 있다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 주요 대전 격투 게임의 사례 분석을 통해 해당 장르의 발전모습과 그 과정에서 수립된 밸런싱 모델을 파악하므로써, 타 장르로의 확대 적용 가능성을 연구해 보고자 한다.

게임 밸런스는 게임 디자인의 매우 중요한 요소이며, 게임을 좀 더 재미있게 구성하기 위한 필수 요소이다. 대부분의 게임 개발사들은 성공적인 게임 개발을 위하여 자체적인 밸런스 방법을 사용한다. 효율적인 밸런스 방법이 항상 성공적인 게임 개발을 보장할 수는 없으나 게임 개발자의 입장에서 효율적인 게임 개발을 위하여 표준적인 밸런스 방법이 필요한 것이 사실이다. 캐릭터간의 전투 시스템은 주로 액션을 포함한 장르에서 구현된다. 캐릭터간의 전투를 위한 직접적인 밸런스 요소는 각 캐릭터들이 가지게 되는 특성 및 공격 형태들이다. 본 논문에서 우리는 캐릭터간의 대전 시스템을 갖는 게임에서 캐릭터와 관련된 직접적인 밸런스 요소를 구분하고 이에 근간한 수학적 밸런스 방법을 제안한다.

Long-term passive diffusive samplers(PDS) have been used to measure NO2 and SO2 concentrations at 21 sampling sites in Daejeon, Korea during the period of January 2000 - December 2002. The spatial distributions of annual NO2 and SO2 concentrations were mapped. Average annual NO2 concentration over the sampling period was 28.5±12.5 ppb, ranging from 1.2 to 81.7 ppb. Average annual SO2 concentration over the sampling period was 7.7±4.8 ppb, ranging from 0.6 to 26.8 ppb. On average, NO2 concentration was approximately 5.8%(1.6 ppb) larger in 2002. SO2 concentration was decreased by 13%(1.1 ppb) during the sampling period. The seasonal variation of NO2 and SO2 concentration was observed with a tendency to be higher in fall and winter. NO2 and SO2 concentrations measured at different site types(patterns of land use) show significant difference. The observed difference in concentration was associated with difference in emissions of NO2 from motor vehicles and SO2 by non-traffic fuel consumption for heating.

이 논문에서는 대전광역시 도심하천인 유등천 및 유등천이 합류된 갑천 하류 하상퇴적물의 물리화학적 특성을 분석하고 중금속에 의한 오염 정도를 평가하였다. 유등천 하천퇴적물은 약산성내지 약알칼리이며, 퇴적물 대부분은 모래가 약 80% 이상인 사질토로 양이온 보유능력과 수분보유 능력이 낮아 식물이 자라기에 부적합한 퇴적물임을 지시한다. 따라서 유등천변 소유역 퇴적물이 토양의 기능중 하나인 자정능력을 갖추기 위해서는 점토를 많이 객토하여 식생과 자정능력을 가지는 소유역 토양으로 전환해야 할 것으로 판단한다. 조사 지점별 중금속 성분의 함량변화 특성을 보면 유등천은 도심을 통과하면서 토사내 중금속(Pb, Cr, Cd)의 농도가 증가되는 경향을 보인다. 이러한 하천유역 토사내중금속 농도의 증가는 하천수의 수질과 관련이 있는 것으로 보인다. 하상퇴적물 깊이별 중금속의 농도는 일부지점에서 심도증가와 함께 증가하는 경향을 보인다. 하천수의 수질오염은 하천 퇴적물의 오염으로 이어지고 이는 궁극적으로 하천생태환경에 영향을 미치게 되므로 하천수의 수질에 대한 지속적인 감시와 오염된 하상퇴적물에 대한 정화작업이 필요하다.

This study aims to evaluate urban parks in terms of public service and to find ways to elevate user satisfaction for the creation and usage of an urban park, on the assumption that an urban park is a sort of urban public service. To achieve this, the study relied on two methods: the descriptive method of researching publications and related scholastic writings, and the empirical study method including a survey and interviews with respondents. As a result, "Conviction for a local government" was the highest item and "benefit of urban parks", "physical environment", and "safety" were of lower orders of evaluation. On the contrary, "park information" and "reflecting of park users' opinion" were the lowest item. This means although the local government has enough ability to provide and manage physical park facilities, the government passes secondary service over lightly, in terms of public service. Correlation and regression analysis showed all positively correlated factors: “Y = -0.465 + 0.164 X1 + 0.176 X2 + 0.197 X3 + 0.169 X4 + 0.186 X5 + 0.148 X6 + 0.112 X7” (Y = park service satisfaction, X1 = credibility, X2 = originality, X3 = accessibility, X4 = representative, X5 = physical settings, X6 = safety, X7 = consensus).Urban parks must be essential public facilities in urban city. Therefore, for maximizing park benefits, more careful consideration will be made in terms of the public service of urban park.

유관속식물을 대상으로 2003년 4월부터 11월까지 조사한 결과, 조사지역내에 분포하는 식물은 95과 279속 392종 53변종 5품종등 총 450분류군으로 관찰되었다. 본 지역에서 조사된 451종류의 식물자원의 유용도를 분석한 결과 총 372종류의 자원식물이 분류되었으며, 식용자원(E)은 191종류(51.0%), 초지자원(P)은 181종류(48%), 약용자원(M)은 153종류(41.0%), 관상자원(O)은 54종류(14.0%), 목재자원(T)은 18종류(5.3%)의 순으로 나타났다. 한국특산식물은 10과 13속 13분류군으로 조사지역내 분포하는 총 450분류군 중 약 2.9%이며, 특정식물 중 III IV V등급 식물은 6과 6속 6분류군로 소산식물 450분류군의 약 1.3%로 나타났으며, 귀화식물은 11과, 22속, 25분류군으로 우리나라 전체 귀화식물 225종류의 11.1%이다.

This study aims to evaluate the cultural street by the constituent elements of street and to find ways to create successfuJ cultural streets. To achieve this, the study relied on empirical study method and the descriptive method; additionally, present condition survey was performed with a user interview. As a result, the item of 'night visit' shows the highest mean and the item of 'convenience of walking' follows. Itt means that this street has such a good condition in the convenience and accessibility of physical environment that it gives pedestrians pleasure like night activity and satisfying their curiosity. 5 lowest items of inquiry, however, are all about regional history and origin. It means that this cultural street did not renect the history and embody the original form of the street. The factor analysis, on the object of 34 items except 4 items, appeared 5 factors: physical environment of street, regional history, leisure activity and cultural event, spending activity and street peculiarity. Oneway Anova test showed that 4 factors except 'regional history' have reliable difference in cognition by age and education. The factor of 'regional history' appeared ctifference only by sex. Users in their fiftieth showed negative views in all factors and it means that they take a negative attitude in aspect of usage and identity of this cultural street. In general, creating the similar style of street, designed regardless of sense of region and place, in every place is a major factor of deteriorating the regional identity and recognition Therefore, a successfuJ cultural street, which gives pedestrians and community a vitality and an identity, should be properly furnished with not only physical environment but also cultural contents.

The studies on physico-chemical factors and phytoplankton at the 3 rivers in the Taejon city were conducted from November 1997 to May 1998. The Results were as follows; In the water quality, the down streams were generally worse than the upper streams. Water temperature was varied from 2.4℃ to 23.0℃; DO from 1.80㎎/ℓ to 17.6㎎/ℓ ; pH from 4.7 to 10.4 ; BOD from 0.78㎎/ℓ to 8.80㎎/ℓ; COD from 0.32㎎/ℓ to 8.26㎎/ℓ ; SS from 2.0㎎/ℓ to 43.0㎎/ℓ ; total phosphate was from 0.001㎎/ℓ to 0.709㎎/ℓ ; total nitrogen 0.01㎎/ℓto 11.69㎎/ℓ . In phytoplankton species, they were identified as total 191 taxa composed of 8 classes, 18 orders, 35 families, 74 genera, 152 species, 35 varieties and 4 forms. The dominant species were Synedra ulna in Taejon-chon, Diatoma vulgare in Yudong-chon, Oscillatoria princeps, Scenedesmus gadricauda, Synedra ulna, and Diatom vulgare in Gap-chon. Standing crops of phytoplankton were from 2,076 cells/㎖ to 97,356 cells/㎖.

The degree of pesticides accumulation in tap water in Taejon from June 1995 to Apr 1996 was measured by Ellman's coupled enzyme assay. Since organic phosphate and carbamate pesticides specifically inhibit the neurotransmitter modulating enzyme acetylcholinesterase(AChE), the enzyme activity can be used as a diagnosis for the pesticides accumulation in water and various samples. During the period of this study, the enzyme activity was changed almost every week. The lowest enzyme activity was 64 % of that of the control reaction and there are several days showing about 100 % enzyme activity. In general, the enzyme activity is higher in summer than other seasons especially early spring times. The pH value of tap water was very close to neutral(pH 7.0) and it seems that the enzyme activity was not affected by the small pH changes. Either boiling of tap water or addition of NaOH solution decomposed the pesticide components. These results show that AChE assay is a convenient, sensitive, and reliable method for detection of pesticides in water samples.