In this study a packed tower was selected for the treatment apparatus of NH3 gas produced in industry. Formerly, latticework packing has been used in preventive facility of treatment of NH3 gas. However, recently metallic Ralu-Pack 250YC, structured packing, is usually being used in petrochemical production plant. This study is for the application the packing to the NH3 gas treatment in wet scrubbing process. In Air/water system, hydraulic pressure drop dependent of specific liquid load and gas capacity factor was continuous and parallel from graph. The tower height can be determined by the number of transfer unit and the height of transfer unit influenced on liquid distribution.

Nitrifier consortium immobilized in polyvinyl alcohol was used for the removal of ammonia nitrogen from synthetic aquaculture water in the airlift bioreactor. At the aeration rate of 0.15 vvm and bead packing volume fraction of 20%, airlift bioreactor was operated effectively for a removal of ammonia nitrogen and for a stability of operation. Ammonia nitrogen removal rate by airlift bioreactor was continuously increased with decreasing hydraulic residence time. At the HRT(hydraulic residence time) of 0.3 hour, ammonia nitrogen removal rate was 84.3 g/㎥·d and the highest ammonia nitrogen removal rate was 130.8 g/㎥·d when HRT was 0.1 hour.

Nitrifier consortium entrapped in Ca-alginate bead were packed into aerated packed bed bioreactor and non aerated packed bed bioreactor and the performances of two bioreactors were evaluated for the removal of ammonia nitrogen from synthetic aquaculture water. Total ammonia nitrogen(TAN) removal rate was decrease in aerated packed bed bioreactor below 0.3hr of hydraulic residence time(HRT), but increased in non aerated packed bed bioreactor until 0.5hr of HRT. At HRT of 0.05 hr, TAN removal rate of non aerated packed bed bioreactor was about 335g TAN/㎥/day and the optimum ratio of packing height and inside diameter of reactor (H/D) was 4. The performance of two bioreactors indicated that non aerated packed bed bioreactor was better than aerated packed bed bioreactor in ammonia removal from synthetic aquaculture water.

An experimental study was conducted to indentify the direct denitrification of ammonium nitrogen in culture water by ozone. During the experimnet period, pH was 7.8-8.8. pH was grdually lower after ammonium nitrogen was reacted with ozone under Br^-. In addition, it can be known that the culturing water was improved greatly form the inverstigation of T-N by biofilm and ozonation. As the results of a variation of recirculation rate, denitrification of ammonium nitrogen was in increased in proportion to the recirculation rate. But Nitrification of microorganism was opposite to the recirculation rate. With the increasing injected ozone in ozonation tank uner 21 circulation /day(6.7 ℓ/min), dinitrification of ammonium nitrogen was increased lineraly in propotion to the increasing of injected ozone concentration.

The study was carried out to demonstrate the superiority of used packing in view of energy saving and efficiency of mass transfer, comparing with conventional packing. The results are as follows 1. Owing to low pressure drop under high load, 25㎜ NSW-ring, pp. can cause energy saving 2. The unique magnitudes of used packing are as follows C_o=5.78, m = 0.67, n = 0.46 3. Used packing can make high efficiency including energy saving because of low pressure drop per the number of transfer unit. To rate the characteristic of packing, it should be carried out that the measurement of pressure drop per packing height and per the number of transfer unit. This study demonstrated the superiority of used packing by earring out above experiment and could be used as basic reference for design and predicting efficiency of packing tower which is filled with same packing.

The reaction rate, equilibrium, and flow injection analysis methods were fundamentally evaluated for the determination of aqueous ammonia. The selected indophenol blue method was based on the formation of indophenol blue in which ammonium ion reacted with hypochlorite and phenol in alkaline solution. In the optimized reaction condition, the reaction followed 1st order reaction kinetics and the final product was stable. The absorbance measurements before and after the equilibrium were utilized for the reaction rate and equilibrium methods. The reaction rate methods, based on the relative analytical signals for the possibility of eliminating interferents, were shown to have good linear calibration curves but the detection limit and the calibration sensitivity were poorer than those in the equilibrium method. The detection limits were 32-49 ppb and 24 ppb for the reaction rate and equilibrium methods, respectively. In the flow injection analysis, the absorbance was measured before the equilibrium reached and thus resulted in 30% reduction of calibration sensitivity. However, the detection limit was 11 ppb, indicating that the peak-to-peak noise for the blank was remarkably improved. Compared to the manual methods, the optimized experimental condition in a closed reaction system reduced the blank absorbance and the inclusion of ammonia from the atmosphere was prevented. In addition, highly reproducible mixing of sample and reagents and analytical data extracted from continuous recording showed excellent reproducibility.

질소질 비료로서 황산암모니아와 요소를 시용하는 경우 수도의 생육과 양분흡수에 미치는 영향을 검토하기 위하여 수원 26004와 진흥을 공시하여 묘대의 종류를 달리한 시험과 폿트에서 황산암모니아 및 요소의 시용 비율을 달리하고, 황산나트륨을 첨가한 시험, 그리고 양 비종을 각각 장기간 연용해온 논에서 시험을 수행한 바 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 황산암모니아와 요소의 시용에 따른 수도묘의 생육 및 양분 흡수에 관한 시험에서는 1. 초장 및 묘의 건물중은 황산암모니아의 시용이 요소 시용보다 크고 특히 보온 밭 못자리에서 그 효과가 컸다. 2. 황산암모니아의 시용은 묘의 엽록소 함량을 증대시켰는데 수원 26004가 진흥보다 반응이 더 컸다. 3. 주요 무기성분의 흡수에 미치는 영향은 양 품종 모두 황산암모니아구가 요소구보다 크고 모대에 따라서는 보온 밭 못자리가 보온절충못자리보다 크며 특히 질소와 가리의 흡수를 증대시켰다. 4. 식물체의 황과 주요 무기성분과의 상관관계는 대부분 정의 상관이었으며 수원 26004가 진흥보다 그 관계가 더 뚜렷하였다. 황산암모니아 및 요소의 시용비율, 그리고 황산나트륨을 첨가한 풋트시험에서는 1. 수도의 간발, 수수, 엽중 및 정조 수량은 황산암모니아의 시용비율이 높아질수록 증대하였으며 황산나트륨의 첨가구는 저하하였다. 2. 출수전후기의 엽면적, 엽록소 함량 및 건물중은 황산암모니아의 시용비율이 높아질수록 증대하였으며 황산나트륨의 첨가는 엽록소 함량만을 증대시켰다. 3. 황산암모니아의 시용비율이 높아질수록 질소 및 칼리의 함량은 증가하였고 칼슘 함량은 감소하였는데 황산나트륨의 첨가시용도 같은 경향이었다. 3. 황산암모니아의 시용비율이 높아질수록, 그리고 황산나트륨의 첨가시용으로 출수기 지엽의 광합성 용력이 증대되었으며 수원 26004가 진흥보다 그 반응이 더 뚜렷하였다. 5. 염록소 함량 및 건물중과 엽신의 황의 함량과는 정의 상관을 보였으며 수원 26004가 진흥보다 더 큰 상관을 보였다. 황산암모니아와 요소를 각각 연용해온 논에서의 시험은 1. 엽록소 함량 및 건물중은 황산암모니아 시용구에서 더 컸으며 수확기 볏짚중의 질소 및 주요 무기성분의 함량은 황산암모니아구가 커서 양분의 잠재능력이 요소구보다 컸다. 2. 황산암모니아의 시용은 수수 및 등숙율을 높히는 경향이었고 통계적인 유의차는 없었으나 수량이 증대되었다.