NUI(Natural User Interface)는 별도의 입출력 장치 없이 사용자 자신의 음성/신체부위 등을 사용하여 주변 디지털 기기를 제어할 수 있도록 하는 기술이다. 본 논문에서는 NUI가 적용된 스마트 공간에서 신체를 직접적으로 사용하는 체감형 게임을 실행하는 사용자를 대상으로 연구를 진행하였다. 게임 사용자의 스트레스 발생 여부를 알아내기 위하여 게임 시행 전과 후로 나누어 각각 60초에 걸쳐서 심전도를 측정하였고, 측정된 신호를 개량된 Random Forest 알고리즘으로 분석하였다. 교사학습 방식에 의한 실험을 위하여 사용자는 자신의 스트레스 발생 여부를 별도로 입력하여 저장하도록 하였으며, 실험결과 개량된 알고리즘이 기존의 알고리즘보다 1.04% 높은 정확도를 보여주었다.

Glutamine synthetase (GS) is an enzyme that plays an essential role in the metabolism of nitrogen by catalyzing the condensation of glutamate and ammonia to form glutamine. Exposure of plants to cadmium (Cd) has been reported to decrease GS activity in maize, pea, bean, and rice. To better understand the function of the GS gene under Cd stress in rice, we constructed a recombinant pART vector carrying the GS gene under the control of the CaMV 35S promoter and OCS terminator and transformed using Agrobacterium tumefaciens. We then investigated GS overexpressing rice lines at the physiological and molecular levels under Cd toxicity. The GS activity along with mRNA expression were found higher in transgenic than in wild type plants. And this is validated by the low malondialdehyde contents observed 10 days after treatment. GS overexpression in rice resulted in the modulation of expression of enzymes responsible for membrane peroxidation, which may result in the sudden death of plants. Our results thus describe the features of a transgenic rice plants with enhanced tolerance to Cd toxicity.

Recent global warming and climate change has presented greater challenge to the global agriculture of having to cope with more severe adversaries from various abiotic stress conditions including drought, cold, and heat. As a preliminary step towards developing a heat-tolerant japonica rice variety through molecular breeding, we examined and compared expression of several genes that have been reported being expressed specifically during rice panicle development in different rice varieties after subjecting them heat stress. Although the induction of these transcripts upon heat treatment was invariably observed in all rice varieties tested, the magnitude and kinetics of the induction were found to be different among these varieties, suggesting possible functional implication of these genes in conferring heat tolerant phenotype during reproductive organ development of these plants. General protein synthesis activity as well as pollen viability incurred by the heat stress treatment were also monitored in these plants and the result showed a close correlation overall with the induction dynamic of these transcripts under heat stress. Therefore, these genes, together with the ones involved in the regulatory network for the expression of them, could serve as candidates for useful markers with which molecular breeding of heat tolerant japonica rice can be facilitated.

To determine the expression levels of genes related to the salt stress response in rice, gene expression profiles were investigated through microarray analysis using the rice mutant line Till-II-877. There were no significant changes in physiological response under salt stress of the mutant increased less than that in the WT. The intensity of gene expression was analyzed and compared between the wild type and mutant lines using a microarray. Among the most significantly affected pathways, α-linolenic acid metabolism and linoleic acid metabolism (in lipid metabolism), fructose and mannose metabolism and glycolysis-gluconeogenesis (in carbohydrate metabolism), cysteine and methionine metabolism (in amino acid metabolism), and carbon fixation (in the energy metabolism of photosynthetic organisms) showed changes in gene expression levels under salt stress. These results further our understanding of the effects of salt stress in rice and may aid in the development of salt-tolerant rice cultivars.

The purpose of this Study is to find an appropriate cross-section of the block as a drawback of hollow concrete block field work. Formed Concrete Block was evaluated by FEM Method in a variety of stress conditions in order to find the optimum cross-section. As a result, the block has higher vertical resistance than horizontal and the strength of it depends on the thickness of web.

By thermal-structural coupled stress analysis, the equivalent stress and total deformation of girder under the influence of the temperature of the liquid within pipeline of pipe-rack structure is studied. Firstly, steady-state thermal analysis is carried out using a commercial software. Then, to perform a thermal-structural coupled stress solution, structural analysis is linked to the thermal model at the Solution level. The simulation results showed that the stress ratio that considers the pipe’s temperature for thermal-structural coupled stress analysis is higher than the stress ratio that consider only the pipe’s weight for structural analysis. The thermal stress caused by temperature convection is found to be influential on the pipe rack structure.

Chilling stress affects growth and yield of warm-climate crops such as soybean (Glycine max L.) that is susceptible to low temperature (10-18℃). A comparative proteomic approach was employed to explore the mechanisms underlying soybean response to chilling stress. Soybean seedlings were germinated for 3-4 days and exposed to low temperature (10℃) for 3 days, and the proteins were extracted from seedling leaves. Protein separation by SDS-PAGE followed by liquid chromatography electro-spray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI MS/MS) was effective approach to identify proteins, based on the number of peptides reliably identified. A total of 77 proteins out of 704 proteins were identified in the presence of chilling stress. Most proteins identified had functions related to cell signaling, metabolism, energy and transport, protein biosynthesis and degradation, cytoskeleton, and were involved in regulating reactions and defending against stress. It is therefore likely that the response of soybean plant’s proteome to chilling stress is complex, and that the identification proteins may play an important role in regulating adaptation activities following challenge to chilling stress to facilitate cellular homeostasis. Furthermore, our result suggest that new ways of engineering stress-tolerant plants responding climate change by providing outline for agriculturally important chilling stress.

Development of transgenic plant with desirable traits to cultivated plant is one of the important procedures in plant molecular breeding. However, applicable assessment of transgenic plant in laboratorial scale is not much except cultivating transgenic plant for a whole life in field condition. Here, we analyzed chlorophyll fluorescence in three transgenic soybean lines with AtMYB44 transcription factor for assessment of photosynthetic activity under abiotic stresses such as drought. Soybean varieties used in this study were ‘Bert’ and ‘Bert’ derived three transgenic soybeans, ‘AtMYB44 CM35101’, ‘AtMYB44 CM2471’, and ‘AtMYB44 CM4481’. Analyzed five different chlorophyll fluorescence variables are maximum PSII quantum yield (QY_max), steady state PSII quantum yield (QY_Lss), steady state non-photochemical quenching (NPQ_Lss), coefficient of photochemical quenching in steady-state (Qp_Lss), and fluorescence declineratio in steady-state (Rfd_Lss). To determine main chlorophyll fluorescence variable affected by abiotic stress, principal component analysis (PCA) was conducted with five chlorophyll fluorescence variables measured from four varieties. QY_Lss and NPQ_Lss were main chlorophyll fluorescence variables to evaluate abiotic stress, particularly in drought stress. In comparison with transgenic soybean lines based on chlorophyll fluorescence variables, ‘AtMYB44 CM2471’ and ‘AtMYB44 CM4481’ are more tolerant to drought than the others. Interestingly, three transgenic soybean lines which have a same AtMYB44 gene with different regions of chromosome revealed the quite different responses of chlorophyll fluorescence to drought treatment.

The hollowed precast concrete (PC) column supports beams during construction so that local compression acts on the column. At that time, the stress distribution from the beams to the column varies if hollow size varies. After the hollow is filled with grout concrete, the column has two layer, outer and inner elements with different compressive strength each other. Therefore, hollow size affect axial capacity of column after filling the hollow. Based on the above background, this paper performed a finite element (FE) analysis with parameter of hollow size to find the stress distribution of hollowed PC column during construction as well as after construction. As an analysis result, the wider the hollow size is, the less local compress strength is during construction. Also, the axial compressive resistance of column decreased when the hollow size is wider.

Low temperature stress is one of the major negative factors affecting vegetative and reproductive growth of rice. To better understand responses of rice plants to low temperature we analyzed transcriptome expression patterns in glumous flower of cold-tolerant japonica rice variety, Stejaree45, and cold-susceptible variety, HR19621-AC6 at booting stage under cold water irrigation. A total of 2,411 probes were differentially expressed by low temperature in glumous flowers of the two varieties. Some important genes involved in hormone biosynthesis showed variety-specific regulation. Expression of GA20ox3 and GA2ox, among the genes involved in GA biosynthesis, was regulated differentially in the two varieties. Among the genes involved in IAA biosynthesis, YUCCA1 and TAA1:1 showed variety-specific regulation. Among the genes involved in cytokinin biosynthsis and signaling, expression of LOG, HK1 and HK3 was significantly down-regulated only in the cold-susceptible variety. Among the genes involved in ABA biosynthesis, NSY and AAO3 were down-regulated only in the cold-tolerant variety. In general, genes involved in GA, IAA and cytokinin biosynthesis responded to cold temperature in such a way that capacity of those bioactive hormones is maintained at relatively higher levels under cold temperature in the cold-tolerant variety, which can help minimize cold stress imposed to developing reproductive organs in the cold-tolerant variety.

스트레스 리본 구조는 경제성, 시공성, 그리고 미관이 탁월하여 외국에서는 1965년 이후부터 2010년 까지 약 200여개의 교량에 적용하고 있으나 국내에는 적용된 사례가 없는 실정이다. 그러므로 국외설계기준 분석과 구조성능 평가를 통하여 국내환경에 적합한 설계기준을 도출할 필요가 있다. 본 연구에서는 기초적인 단계로서 스트레스 리본 교량의 설계 시 일본에서 사용되고 있는 설계기준을 수치해석을 통한 결과와 비교하였다. 특히, 초기 sag의 설정은 케이블 수, 교대에 작용하는 수평력과 그라운드앵커의 수, 진동, 배수계획 등 많은 영향을 미치기 때문에 주요설계인자이다. 기본 sag 설정 시 적용되는 자중 및 2차 cable의 긴장, 릴렉세이션, 교면하중, 크리프를 고려하여 일본의 설계기준과 범용 유한요소 해석 프로그램(DIANA)를 이용하여 단계별 결과를 비교하였다.

평형트러스모델, Mohr적합트러스모델, 그리고 연성트러스모델은 회전각에 기초하기 때문에 회전각모델이라 불리 운다. 이러한 회전각모델들은 콘크리트기여도를 예측할 수 없는 단점이 있다. 콘크리트 기여 성분을 계산할 수 있는 MCFT(Modified Compression Field Theory)나 RA-STM(Rotating Angle-Softening Truss Model) 같은 최근 트러스모델(Modern Truss Model, MTM)은 균열이 발생한 철근콘크리트요소를 연속체 재료로 취급한다. 또한 MTM은 평형조건과 적합조건 그리고 2축 상태에서 콘크리트의 연성 응력-변형률 관계를 이용하여 비선형해석을 수행하고 있다. 본 연구는 전단응력-변형률의 전체 이력 상태를 모두 계산하지 않고, 철근항복과 스트럿 압괴(crushing failure) 파괴기준을 이용하여 해를 찾는 방법으로 수렴속도를 개선한 것이다. 이 알고리즘을 이용하여 Hsu가 실험한 9개의 전단응력-변형률 자료를 분석하였다.

본 연구는 경부고속철도(대구~부산) 도심통과 노반신설 공사중 기존 부산지하철 1호선 및 부산지하철 2호선 구간에 대한 안정성에 관한 연구로서 현장조사를 실시하여 대상시설물의 외관상태, 품질상태 및 내구성능 등을 평가하고 MIDAS/GTS를 이용한 수치해석을 통해 대상시설물 및 본선터널의 안정성을 검토하는데 그 목적이 있다. 지하수위 하에서 터널이 시공되는 기본 메카니즘과 3차원 유한요소해석 응력-간극수압 연계해석을 수행한 후 라이닝 작용하중, 막장안정성, 지표침하 등 지하수와 터널굴착의 상호관계를 고찰하였다. 수치해석의 결과 1, 2호선의 최대침하, 부등침하, 라이닝응력 등은 허용치 이내이며 손상정도는 무시할 수 있는 정도의 경미한 것으로 나타나고 있다. 그러나 실제 터널 시공시 막장거동을 최소화하기 위하여 필요시 Pre-Grouting을 시행하여 터널 굴착시 터널내 유출수를 최소화하는 것이 필요할 것으로 판단된다.