본 연구에서는 탄소나노튜브/화이버/폴리머 복합소재 구조에 대한 재료 물성 및 강성 추정을 다룬다. 수정된 Halpin-Tsai 모델을 적용한 멀티 스케일 해석은 탄소나노튜브의 함유량 비율, CNT 두께-길이 비율, 화이버 부피 함유량, 그리고 화이버 보강각도 변화에 따라서 수행되었다. 본 연구에서 제시한 멀티-스케일 접근방법은 기존 모델을 적용하여 얻은 결과와 비교하여 검증하였다. 매개변수 해석을 통하여 CNT의 적절한 함유량은 적층된 CNTFPC 구조의 구조성능의 향상시킬 수 있는 중요한 특성을 규명하였다.

In order to improve the seismic performance of structures, friction pendulum system (FPS) is the most commonly used seismic isolation device in addition to lead rubber bearing (LRB) in high seismicity area. In a nuclear power plant (NPP) with a large self weight, it is necessary to install a large number of seismic isolation devices, and the position of the center of rigidity varies depending on the arrangement of the seismic isolation devices. Due to the increase in the eccentricity, which is the difference between the center of gravity of the nuclear structure and the center of stiffness of the seismic isolators, an excessive seismic response may occur which could not be considered at the design stage. Three different types of eccentricity models (CASE 1, CASE 2, and CASE 3) were used for seismic response evaluation of seismically isolated NPP due to the increase of eccentricity (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%). The analytical model of the seismic isolation system was compared using the equivalent linear model and the bilinear model. From the results of the seismic response of the seismically isolated NPP with increasing eccentricity, it can be observed that the effect of eccentricity on the seismic response for the equivalent linear model is larger than that for the bilinear model.

In recent years, an outrigger damper system has been proposed to reduce dynamic responses of tall buildings. However, a study on outrigger damper system is still in its early stages. In this study, time history analysis was performed to investigate the dynamic response control performance of outrigger damper. To do this, a actual scale 3-dimensional tall building model with outrigger damper system has been developed. El Centro earthquake was applied as an earthquake excitation. The control performance of the outrigger damper system was evaluated by varying stiffness and damping values. Analysis results, on the top floor displacement response to the earthquake load, was greatly effected by damping value. And acceleration response greatly was effected by stiffness value of damper system. Therefore, it is necessary to select that proper stiffness and damping values of the outrigger damper system.

The tires changes characteristics of the element constituting change. Stiffness is one of the various characteristics of the tire. Stiffness of the tire is change contact contour. it is known to affect vibration and noise of the vehicle. In this study we conduct to find influence of change stiffness of the tire due to vibration characteristics inside passenger car. For this study we choose tires of available on the market and measure vertical spring rate and lateral spring rate. Also through the real passenger car we find vibration characteristics in the inside of car. In conclusion, vibration energy is reducing with increase in the stiffness and we find the high vibration level of low frequency band in passenger car due to decreasing stiffness.

The acrylic tube, referred to as geocell in this paper, is 2.19m long with an inner diameter of 280mm. Both ends of the acrylic tube were covered with permeable geotextile sheets to allow water dissipation. The dredged soil fill material is hydraulically filled into the acrylic tube in the form of soil-water mixture (slurry). Load cells oriented in the vertical and horizontal directions were installed inside the geocell to measure the horizontal and vertical pressures inside the cylindrical tube. The pressure readings are collected through a data logger and interpreted by a desktop computer. The pressure distribution inside the geocell based on the load cell readings are closely related to the theoretical Ko and Ka conditions.

The general auto transmission uses the torque converter that has a good vibration damping force by launching performance and damping effect as power transfer unit. The vehicle equipped with auto transmission uses Lock up clutch system to improve the fuel efficiency. The Lock up clutch system is the major factor of the devices that increase the torque from engine to transmission in specific condition and also consist of the damper springs to transfer the torque stably. Damper spring controls the vibration of power transfer units and improve the impression of riding and durability, by being damping function on change torque from engine. In addition, not only the appearance and performance, but also these sensitive qualities as like vibration and noise can also be main factor to buy a car. Recently, in order to absorb the low vibration caused by vehicle structure vibration, the Low-stiffness damper has been on the rise. The damper spring should be considered and designed, considering the engine characteristic and direct connect of lock up clutch due to the stiffness of the spring and hysteresis has a major effects to the damper characteristic. This study can be used for analyzing the major factors to effect the NVH characteristic by evaluating the damper’s hysteresis according to change of spring stiffness.

This paper investigates the characteristics of unstable behaviour and critical buckling load by joint rigidity of framed large spatial structures which are sensitive to initial conditions. To distinguish the stable from the unstable, a singular point on equilibrium path and a critical buckling level are computed by the eigenvalues and determinants of the tangential stiffness matrix. For the case study, a two-free node example and a folded plate typed long span example with 325 nodes are adopted, and these adopted examples' nonlinear analysis and unstable characteristics are analyzed. The numerical results in the case of the two-free node example indicate that as the influence of snap-through is bigger; that of bifurcation buckling is lower than that of the joint rigidity as the influence of snap-through is lower. Besides, when the rigidity decreases, the critical buckling load ratio increases. These results are similar to those of the folded-typed long span example. When the buckling load ratio is 0.6 or less, the rigidity greatly increases.

Porcelain surge arrestor is very vulnerable to earthquake but there is very few information on its dynamic characteristics which are necessary to the seismic design. Therefore, the dynamic characteristics of the porcelain surge arrestor are evaluated considering the variation of its cable tension and stiffness by shaking table test. The test results show that the first natural frequencies are 5.3 Hz and 5.2 Hz in the horizontal x- and y-axis directions, respectively, and higher than 30 Hz in the vertical z-axis direction, respectively. The installation of cable on the surge arrestor reduces the horizontal natural frequencies due to the constraint effect of the cable but cable tension has no effect on the natural frequency. Also, the natural frequency is proportional to the stiffness of the surge arrestor. This test result will be used for the seismic design and seismic capacity assessment of domestic substations and contribute to the stability of the electric power supply under earthquake event.

This study investigated characteristics of buckling load and effective buckling length by member rigidity of dome-typed space frame which was sensitive to initial conditions. A critical point and a buckling load were computed by analyzing the eigenvalues and determinants of the tangential stiffness matrix. The hexagonal pyramid model and star dome were selected for the case study in order to examine the nodal buckling and member buckling in accordance with member rigidity. From the numerical results, an effective buckling length factor of adopted models was bigger than that of Euler buckling for the case of fixed boundary. These numerical models indicated that the influence of nodal buckling was greater than that of member buckling as member rigidity was higher. Besides, there was a tendency that the bifurcation appeared on the equilibrium path before limit point in the member buckling model.

대공간구조물은 일반 라멘구조와는 다른 동적특성을 가지고 있으며, 이런 동적특성에 관해 많은 연구가 수행되고 있다. 그러나 대부분의 연구는 특정 형태의 대공간구조물에 대해 수행되었으며, 내진설계를 위해 직접적으로 이용 가능한 연구결과는 매우 제한적이다. 본 연구에서는 대공간구조물의 기본적인 동적특성을 내재한 트러스-아치구조물을 대상으로 양단의 기둥의 길이가 다른 경우에 트러스-아치구조물의 지진응답변화를 분석하고자 한다. 양단 기둥 길이의 차이에 따라, 가속도 응답이 수평방향에 비해 수직방향에서 더 많은 영향을 받는다. 따라서 상부구조물을 지지하는 하부구조물의 강성이 다른 경우에 대공간구조물의 내진설계에 있어서 수직방향 응답에 대한 고려가 더욱 많이 요구된다.

In this study, compare the results that used period of an object building and a structural analysis program in order to to analyze the effect that a slab element to oppose a vertical load opposes to lateral loading of a structure. Compared with to analyze the results to the Diaphragm which is existing analysis and a way do modeling to an plate element to slab element of RC wall type structures to give a change of rigidity with 100%, 50%, 30%

본 연구에서는 부분적 강성 변경이 연속적으로 필요한 경우, 전체 구조물을 재해석하지 않고도 관심을 두고 있는 변위와 부재력을 실시간 응답 수준에서 재계산할 수 있는 "적응형 부구조물화를 이용한 부분 재해석 알고리즘"을 제안한다. PRAS 알고리즘의 핵심 개념은, 1) 대상 구조물을 강성변경부분과 강성고정부분으로 구분하고, 2) 강성고정부분을 강성변경부재들이 연결된 잔류자유도만을 갖는 부구조물로 응축한 후, 3) 강성변경부재들과 강성고정부분 부구조물의 결합으로 전체 구조물을 모델랑함으로써, 최종 평형방정식의 잔류자유도수를 줄이는 데에 있다. 이 때 강성고정부분의 부구조물화 과정에서 본 연구에서 제시하는 또 하나의 알고리즘인 "적응형 부구조물화 알고리즘"을 적용하여 일단 초기 해석이 완료된 후에는 잔류자유도 구성이 달라질 때 다시 부구조물화에 소요되는 계산량을 최소화하였다.

저층 철골조의 시공에 있어서 더블앵글 접합부는 매우 효과적인 접합부의 한 형태로 취급된다. 더블앵글 접합부의 접합부 강성은 앵글의 두께, 볼트 게이지 거리, 볼트의 개수 등과 같은 여러 변수에 따라서 변화한다. 본 연구에서는 볼트수의 변화가 더블앵글 접합부의 모멘트-회전각 관계에 미치는 영향을 파악하기 위하여 세 개의 더블앵글 접합부 실험이 수행되었다. 각각의 실험결과에 근거하여 각 실험에 사용된 더블앵글의 회전강성은 회귀분석을 통하여 산정되었다. 회귀분석결과 더블앵글 접합부의 접합부 강성은 볼트의 개수가 증가함에 따라서 함께 증가한다는 결론을 얻었다.

The dynamic response characteristics with flexibility variations are examined for presenting the basic data for design of Tension Leg Platforms(TLPs)in waves. A numerical approach is based on the dynamic response analysis theory, in which the superstructure of TLPs is assumed flexible instead of the rigid body assumption used in two-step analysis method. The hydrodynamic interactions among TLP members, such as columns and pontoons are not included in the motion and structural analyse. The equations of motion of a whole structure are formulated using element-fixed coordinate systems which have the origin at the node of the each hull element.

Recently, because of the increased needs for isolation device structure, a lot of buildings equipped with isolation systems are designed. In this paper, we provide the information about the seismic isolation effects due to the stiffness variation of isolation devices due to the manufacturing errors for middle layer seismic isolation.

This study evaluated displacement of ceiling system under lastic dynamic load. Main parameters are change of stiffness at connections of bolt and C channel ranged between 0.1~2.0 kN/mm. Program for elastic dynamic anaysis is the MIDAS ZEN. Analysis results showed that connections between bolt and C channel was effective on decreasing of displacement of ceiling system.

Phase change material (PCM) has been developed and applied in various fields as construction material. If the application of PCM as the semi-rigid pavement cement grout becomes available, it would be possible to control the occurrence of a micro crack due to the generation of hydration heat in the ultra rapid harding cement, and if the occurrence of a micro crack is reduced, it would be possible to improve the cohesion performance between asphalt matrix and grout as well as to compact the matrix of the pavement material, improving the durability. Therefore, the applicability review of PCM for the purpose of improving the semi-rigid pavement materials through the shrink reduction of ultra rapid harding cement used as the semi-rigid pavement cement grout was carried out in this study.

Phase change material (PCM) has been developed and applied in various fields as construction material. If the application of PCM as the semi-rigid pavement cement grout becomes available, it would be possible to control the occurrence of a micro crack due to the generation of hydration heat in the ultra rapid harding cement, and if the occurrence of a micro crack is reduced, it would be possible to improve the cohesion performance between asphalt matrix and grout as well as to compact the matrix of the pavement material, improving the durability. Therefore, the applicability review of PCM for the purpose of improving the semi-rigid pavement materials through the shrink reduction of ultra rapid harding cement used as the semi-rigid pavement cement grout was carried out in this

A study to apply phase change material(PCM) to rapid hardening cement paste forming semi-rigid pavement was carried out. The characteristics fresh and hardened paste were evaluated through the experiment for a total of 6 mixtures according to the cement type and the substitution of phase change material for acrylate. The fluidity by substituting phase change material for acrylate satisfied the target flow time of 10 to 13 seconds. In case of setting time, it was possible to secure the performance of rapid hardening cement by substituting phase change material, and if the substitution ratio over 60%, the initial set occurred 1 to 2 minutes faster than other mixtures. In case of compressive strength and bond strength, it showed similar strength characteristics with the plain mixture, and it satisfied both the target compressive and bonding strength of 36MPa and 2MPa. The mixture substituting phase change material showed higher resistance to chloride ion penetration than the mixture only using acrylate and the OPC level was insufficient. From the results of physical and mechanical performances of semi-rigid pavement cement paste, the phase change material substitution rate of 20% was effective in the range of this study.