In this study, the linguistic features of spoken and written expressions of South and North Korean were examined through the analysis of quasi-spoken language corpora. The Korean language can be understood better through a broader study of spoken language than written language. In this paper, the frequencies of the use of parts of speech, transformative endings, the forms of ending sentences/utterances, types of sentences/utterances, degree adverbs used as the meaning ‘very’ were researched. The language expressions of South and North Korean have a lot in common, but there are not a few differences in part. The differences appear more in colloquialism than in written language. The exact understanding of them will be possible by building a very large scale of spoken and written corpus of South and North Korean.

This paper discusses the grammatical categories of tense-aspect expressions at a discourse level and how discourse dimensions should be connected with discourse functions. Among many tense-aspect expressions, the paper focuses on the forms ‘-ess-’ and ‘-essess-’, which are complex in a sense that they depict both tense and aspect. The results show that ‘-ess-’ has a total of five discourse functions: ‘statement of past situation,’ ‘reminiscence of past situation,’ ‘objectification of present situation,’ ‘present validation of default result’ and ‘realization of hypothetical result.’ Moreover, ‘-essess-’ represents ‘order of past situations’ and ‘present invalidation of default results.’ Also these discourse functions are related to the discourse elements of ‘topic, information, and speaker.’ The findings of this study explain the characteristics of the discourse function relevant to discourse elements. Ultimately, discourse research on tense-aspect expressions in Korean language education enables understanding of the utterance intention of Korean speakers using tense-aspect grammar. And it provides learners with the basis of using Korean correctly and appropriately.

In the oral literature of Qing Dynasty, there are a lot of Chanese characters with variant forms, including the standardized and vulgar forms, the traditional and simplified forms, and the ancient and modern forms. These variant forms of the same character ususlly can tell us the evolution of the word meaning and pronunciation, and also can tell us the new difference of the wording meaning and pronunciation between the forms of the character in Qing Dynasty, such as “得dĕi-得„ (《Yu yen tzuerh chi》)、哪-那„ (《Yu yen tzuerh chi》)、狠/哏-很、這麼-這們、喝-欱、他-怹tān（《Yan jingfuyu》）”. Therefore, the variant forms of the same character have great value in the history of words. In the literature of dialect in Qing Dynasty, the words of dialect recorded the pronunciation of dialect very well, yet these dialect words have not been paid much attention to in academic research. It is expected that these variant forms of the same character can draw more attention in researching of ancient books.

Jeon Ji-eun. 2014. A Study on Key Words Analysis according to Social Variables of Gender and Age using Sejong Korean Spoken corpus. The Sociolinguistic Journal of Korea 22(1). This study shows how a key words and key clusters analysis offers an empirical data of the significant characteristics in social variables of gender and age based on Sejong spoken corpus. “Key words” is a term for statistically significant lexical items which are most frequent in a given corpus compared with other corpus as a reference (Scott 1999). We also extend the keyness concept to word combinations, clusters which are found repeatedly together in each others' company, in sequence. We use the KeyWords facility in WordSmith tools (Scott 2012) which has been used in several studies as means for describing the characteristics of social variables. We extract (1) the male and female key words/key clusters in public and private speech, (2) the 20s and over 30s key words/key clusters in public and private speech. Therefore, we found that these empirical investigations verify the lexical saliency of utterance by gender and age. The gender key words show more prominent features than age key words. Moreover, The key words analysis is more efficient than key clusters analysis in sociolinguistic studies. This study is illustrative of the potentiality of the corpus-based research on social differentiation in the use of language.

Because of the close ties between Chosun and China, almost Chosun kings set great store by Chinese language teaching and the cultivation of talents in the language. Some of the kings themselves were fluent speakers of Chinese, and tried to make their sons acquire the same ability. A few even took part in the official assessment of their ministers’ abilities in the language. Chinese learning institutes were established; and Chinese learning manuals, complied in large quantity. Yet despite their efforts, the results were sadly disappointing, at least to most of the kings, who lamented constantly of the low language standards. This paper is an exploration of the causes of the failure of the imperial efforts. Based largely on the Chosun Imperial Records, it examines the Chinese language teaching under the imperial auspices (with special focus on speech training), the measures upholding the prestige of Chinese learning, and the ultimate failure. It is hoped that by learning from the past, we can find directions to improve the Chinese teaching of today.

이 연구는 Skype를 활용하여 일본인 고급 학습자의 구어 오류 양상을 분석하고 교육적 의의를 제시하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 학습자 발 화 2,947어절을 대상으로 오류 양상을 분석하였다. 그 결과 문법 오류가 34건으로 가장 많았으며 어휘(26건), 발음(22건), 담화(4건) 오류 순으로 나타났다. 이로써 알 수 있는 것은 첫째, 고급 학습자임에도 불구하고 모국 어 간섭의 영향을 여전히 받고 있다는 점. 둘째, 어휘 오류에서는 학습 어휘량이 많아지면서 유사 어휘에 의한 오류가 많이 나타난 점. 셋째, 두 언어의 문법 체계가 비슷하다고는 하지만 그럼에도 문법 오류가 가장 많이 발생했다는 점이다. 향후 일본인 학습자를 대상으로 교수를 할 때 이런한 점을 고려하여 이루어져야할 것이다.

【벼리】한국어 구어는 문어와 다른 여러 가지 특징을 가진다. 그 중 하나는 종결어미가 아닌 요소들에 의해 종결되는 문장이 많다는 것이 고, 그 중에서도 연결어미로 문장이 끝나는 경우가 자주 나타난다. 한 국어 학습자들이 한국어로 의사소통을 하게 되면 이러한 부분에서 어 려움을 느낄 수 있다. 본고에서는 현행 한국어 교육에서 이에 대한 교육이 어떻게 이루어지 고 있는지를 한국어 회화 교재를 통해 점검해볼 것이다. 그리고 한국 어 모어 화자와 한국인 학습자들의 실제 발화에서 연결어미에 의해 종 결되는 문장의 빈도와 양상을 살핀 후 비교하여, 교육이 필요하다고 생각되는 부분에 대해 교육 방안을 제시해보고자 한다.

이 연구에서는 중국인 한국어 학습자의 실제 발화에서 어떤 음운이 첨가되어 나타나는지 살펴보기 위해 학습자의 발화를 수집하여 구어 사용 양상을 분석하였다. 또한 한국인 모국어 화자와의 차이도 알아보았다. 음운 첨가 양상을 자음과 모음으로 나누어 살펴보았으며, 자음의 경우, ‘ㄱ, ㄴ, ㅁ, ㄹ’의 첨가가 나타났으며, 모음의 경우, ‘으’ 첨가만이 나타났다. 한국어 학습자의 목표가 한국어를 정확하게 학습하는 것과 더불어 한국어를 자연스럽고 유창하게 발화하는 것이므로 현대 한국인이 사용하는 구어의 양상을 파악하여 외국인 학습자에게도 교육할 필요가 있다. 그럼으로써 한국어 학습자와 모국어 화자 간에 자연스러운 의사소통이 이루어질 수 있을 것이다. 이 연구는 이를 위한 시도의 하나이다.

The purpose of the present study is to examine the use of cohesive devices, especially conjunctions, in oral narratives spoken by adult Korean EFL learners and compare the results with those by English native speakers in the same experimental setting. The data consist of a total of 83 narratives spoken by 43 Korean EFL learners and 40 English native speakers, who were each asked to tell a brief story based on a sequence of 12 pictures in accordance with a given title. Our hypothesis is that learners will have difficulty in using cohesive devices such as conjunctions appropriately; More specifically, learners will underuse and misuse conjunctions in discourse due to the lack of their language proficiency. The results show that except for differences in some of the conjunctions, the learners were strikingly similar to the native speakers in the inventory and distribution of conjunctions they used, although there were some misused errors. The learners had a great tendency to overuse coordinate conjunctions, especially but and so, whereas they tended to underuse temporal subordinate conjunctions such as while and as. However, the overuse of initial subordinate clauses by the learners suggests that they haven not quite acquired the uses of conjunctions in discourse.

This study is intended to design efficient method for Korean Grammar Education using the Corpus of Spoken Korean in the 7th curriculum. In this curriculum two subjects - `Language and Korean - Knowing Korean` and `Trimming Korean` - are proposed. The former deals with fundamentals in `Knowing Korean` while the latter deals with the category of attitude. Also, in the 7th curriculum a distinctive, student-oriented learning method, called `Inquiry Session,` is suggested. The `Trimming Korean` aims to foster desirable attitudes in Korean language life, and the `Inquiry Session` and the `Trimming Korean` are related in cognitive perspective and emotional perspective, respectively. The Corpus of Spoken Korean has two merits. First, it helps the Korean language education be free from the knowledge of Korean language tilted toward written language. And students can accept it naturally since they use it in daily life and thus can detect any change easily. In this study the system and morphology of vocabularies are discussed by comparing the Corpus of Spoken Korean with that of Written Korean in the top 50 most-frequently-used words. At the same time, a teaching and learning program is worked out on the word formation of the words used in spoken Korean during the inquiry session in the `Knowing Korean` and ways to use spoken language materials for the `Trimming Korean` are discussed.