In the historical city center where overall development has not been made, it is not difficult to observe the asp ect of the urban change process over time accumulated. Seochon(西村), which collectively refers to 13 legal dong s in the west of Gyeongbokgung Palace, is also considered a representative historical village with high value as a historical and cultural cityscape because of historical context remains throughout the lot. Therefore, research ex amining the process of changing parcels in this area is useful for a more three-dimensional understanding of the presence of several layers of time. In this study, relationship between the opening time of each road, the river co ver process, and the current building establishment process is examined using maps after the pre-modern period and modern era. In addition, to examine the specific change process of individual lots using the old land register, building management ledger and cadastral map.

Shenyang was one of the representative transportation hub of Northeast China during the modern period. The formation and development of the railway network gave great influence on Shenyang’s city development. In order to understand the relationship between railway and city development, first, we classified Shenyang’s city development period by the railway network’s formation and expansion process. Then, we analyzed the relationship between railway and city space by five categories. The results of this study are as follows. First, before railway was constructed, Shenyang was a castle city, which also was the economic center of Northeast China. This was the main reason Shenyang was chosen as a railway zone. During the modern period, the castle structure became an obstacle to city transportation and environment, therefore, it was disposed. During the period of railways’ expansion, South Manchuria, Jingfeng and Shenhai railway line was constructed in Shenyang. Since each line had different operation organizations, city sites along the railways were planned separately. However, these operation organizations had one common purpose, which was to use railway as an accelerator for economic development. During the period of railway’s military usage, railway was reorganized as military supply transport for the Japanese, which also was used as a tool for the expansion of colonialism. Second, after Shenyang’s city space was reconstructed along the railway, it created a close connection with city structure, city facilities, landscape and city transportation system. Hence, the railway system played a key role in modern city planning.

Modern railway construction by Japanese had a great influence on the urbanization, transformation of urban structure and landscape during the Japanese imperialism and compressive increasing period in Iri(Iksan). This paper aims to find out the effect of railway on the modern urban structure and urban landscape in Iri(Iksan). Railways in Iri, Honam railway, Kunsan railway, Jeonla railway have been constructed progressively during 1911 and 1915 with Iri and old Iri(east-Iri) station. From the analysis of land registration maps and street plans, old photographies and historical records, some significant features underling railway construction can be followed in view of modern urbanization process in Iri. Firstly railways cut off the possibility of developing urban structure based on traditional spatial structure of Iksan. Secondly railways made dual spatial structure in Iri. Japanese and Korean life zone were divided into separate district around urbanization area and market place. Thirdly traditional space cognition system based on four cardinal directions were changed to front and rear space of railway station. Fourthly railways and stations caused neo-baroque spatial order and imperialistic urban landscape of Iri with axis, vista and gridiron plan. Fifthly break points and fringe belts garbling modern urbanization process are created. Sixthly modern cultural and consumptive urban spaces were taken their seats in relation with daily urban life.

In the meantime, the study of traditional and contemporary house had been produced so many achievements in korea, but modern house is yet to be solved, Accordingly, It is necessary to develop and present the basic research data in order to build up an objective study for urban house in the modern age(1910-1945), Following to a study on the foreigner's house in grid-type settlement of Open Ports, in this research is to investigate and analyze modern houses of urban areas in korean inland, and then clarify types and changes of them. In the first year(1995~96), the modern houses of Central Inland Districts(arrounding river Kumgang)-Kunsan kanggyong Puyo Kongju Pugang Chongju were investigated by the layout of room, the construction and materials, the design and style, etc. In the second year(1996~97), the modern houses of Open Market(開市場)-Seoul Taegu Kwangju Taejon Chonju were conducted to investigate as above. The traditional house transformed by differentiation and addition of room(kan), the various types were respectively adopted for the korean reforming and western cultural house. In the layout of room, the types of plan were gradually concentrated from the single wings of korean traditional house. The korean traditional house was later improved through the introduction of entrance, corridor, and internal toilet/bathroom. But the korean under-floor heating system(andal) and a series of three rooms had been entirely maintained, composed of master bedroom/living room(daechung)/room. And the traditional town house with shop and storage, being built closely to each other and walled up both sides, it had taken gradually the extensive characteristics in itself. By the displacement of shop/dwelling/ storage. the various types were respectively adopted for the separated, multi-storied, and complex type. The type of them was gradually changed to the narrow and linear form. And so with the stockpile of fundamental datas about modern houses in korean urban areas, we expect these results contribute to the knowledge of the spatial characteristics of urban house at present which are required to the understanding of transition as well as types.

The threads of this thesis are several theoretical issues of modern urban ideals. Modern architects and urban designers conceived their individual artifacts, which assumed to be laid out on the new settings totally different from the existing urban fabrics derived from inherently medieval ones. In the discussion of modern ideal society, the Industrial Revolution and the Enlightenment was a pivotal point. Innovations in technology and expanded living territories since the double revolution have been critical factors in the evolution of new ideas of urbanism. The tremendous success in science and technology led a way to the 'science-fiction' environment as a destined apocalyptic world. The dream, whether it was socialist or in any other believes, to a pastoral utopia beyond the capitalist society was represented through the ideal cities, which were modern versions of arcadia in the other approaches. Two sides of revolutionary ideas are presented as a futurist city and a garden city, which are on the separate notions but co-existed or overlapped in a single urban project such as in Le Corbusier urban schemes or even Tchumi's recent work, Parc de la Villette. Urban ideas in the twentieth century are based on urban naturalism, the notion of which was consistant from abbe Laugier to Le Corbusier, as well as machine aesthetics interpreted in terms of archeological research and modern technology.

본 연구는 항구도시 칭다오가 20세기 전반에 근대도시로 형성되는 과정에 관한 연구이다. 칭다오의 근대도시화 과정은 동아시아 항구도시의 공통점을 보여주며 강대국 등 정치적 지배 세력에 의해 4개 시기로 구분된다. 첫 번째 독일 점령기 동안에는 칭다오의 구도심 영역이 집중적으로 형성되었다. 두 번째 일본 1차 점령기 동안 칭다오의 도심 영역은 북쪽과 동쪽으로 확장되어 기존 도심의 북쪽으로 금융 및 업무시설이 형성되었고 그 북쪽에서 대항에 이르는 지역에는 공업지역이 넓게 형성되었다. 세 번째 북양군벌 및 국민당 통치기 동안 칭다오는 국제적인 상업과 금융, 휴양도시로서 급격하게 확장되었다. 네 번째 일본 2차 점령기 동안 건축 활동은 활발하지 못했으며 이 기간 동안 일본은 중국 대륙 침략의 관문으로서 칭다오를 활용하고자 했다.