Building hardware joints are welded in most cases, which have risks of fire and explosion. Besides, the secondary damage of the destruction of the welded parts can be caused by the horizontal displacement of the structure due to earthquake or wind load. This paper compared the horizontal displacement following abilities of welded building hardware and non-welded building hardware. To do this, We conducted actual formation shake table test, and checked on the horizontal displacement following ability of structure by comparing their responses to earthquake load. We made the 2m-high framework to examine the responses of the actually constructed building hardwares, and analyzed the displacement responses of the welded-typed, non-welded-typed, and cruciform bracket building hardwares. We conducted the test by increasing acceleration rate until displacement reached 40mm corresponding to allowable relative story displacement II. The result of the test showed that the building hardware using welding work made cracking and breakage on welded connections of welded building hardware, but non-welded building hardware with no use of welding work and cruciform bracket building hardware make no problem, and that non-welded building hardware is superior to that of the welded building hardware in the horizontal displacement following ability due to earthquake or wind load.

When attaching the building exterior, builder used welded-building hardware in general. But it caused variety accidents like fires and explosions. Thus in this study, we developed the building hardware that not use welding and can follow the structures horizontal displacement when an earthquake occurs in the load building. And shaking table test was conducted.

Lateral movement of bridge abutment is frequently causing damages to the expansion joints, bearings, bridge backwall and settlement of approach slabs. In this study, about 1,000 bridges which was lateral movement occur were investigated. The investigation shows that the lateral movement of abutment occurred not only in soft ground, but also in abutment on embankment of the normal soil conditions. The causes of lateral movement included settlement and deformation of high embankment, lateral spread of soft ground, expansion of con'c pavement by alkali-aggregate reaction.

This case study is evaluation of pier safety for horizontal displacement come from a pile of rock muck under construction, restoration measure and application of repair and reinforcement.

Lateral movement of bridge abutment is frequently causing damages to the expansion joints, bearings, bridge backwall and settlement of approach slabs. This result in high maintenance cost and inconvenience to road users. In this study, about 1,000 bridges which was lateral movement occur were investigated. Based on the inverstigation, some suggestions to minimize the lateral movements of abutment were proposed to include reinforcement method of lateral movements occurred bridges.

In the case of using highway bridge abutments on soft ground, the soft ground often causes serious troubles such as lateral movement of bridge abutments by lateral surcharges. Lateral movement of bridge abutments cause damage of expansion joints and bearings, parapet wall cracks, settlement of approach slabs. In this study, the causes and countermeasure of lateral movement of abutments were investigated.

In this study, lateral movement of 78 single-span bridge abutment was investigated. The result showed that the movements were commonly within the range of 10 ~ 30mm. It is recommended that the clearance between the slab and the backwall should be adjusted to accept the movement of the abutment.

In this study, bearing capacities under large lateral displacement were obtained using the formulas suggested by Naeim & Kelly(1999) and ISO 22762 Part.3(2010) and those were compared with the results of Hwang's experiments(2006) to decide which formula is more reasonable

In this paper, structural analysis and causual analysis of superstructure horizontal displacement by retaining wall displacement is realized, as a result, it is considered that retaining wall displacement by soft soil and lateral flow pressure occurred in the soft soil affect superstructure horizontal displacement. Although resistance force is slightly larger than the action force when reviewing superstructure safety, it is considered that repair and reinforce are necessary when considering safety factor with respect to the difficulty of estimating accurate load, and the uncertainty of soil condition.