This study were performed in Tropical Plant Resources Research Center of Korea National Arboretum, Pocheon, Korea to assess the effects of beneficial insects against Pseudococcus comstocki (Kuwana) on Phyllanthus acidus (Linnaeus) Skeels and Tetranychus urticae Koch on Acalypha wilkesiana Muell Arg. We investigated the density of leaf-feeding P. comstocki at intervals of approximately 2 weeks and T. urticae at intervals of approximately 1 weeks after introducing their natural enemies; Chrysoperla nipponensis (Okamoto) and Phytoseiulus persimilis Athias-Henriot. The densities of P. comstocki were suppressed 80.0% (after 4 weeks) and 97.5% (after 8 weeks) after introducing C. nipponensis. The densities of T. urticae were suppressed 84.1% (after 4 weeks) and 99.6% (after 6 weeks) after introducing P. persimilis.

국립수목원 열대식물자원연구센터내에서 생육중인 열대관상 식물인 Acalypha wilkesiana에 발생하여 피해를 주고 있는 점박이응애(Tetranychus urticae)의 생물학적 방제를 위해서 칠레이리응애(Phytoseiulus persimilis)를 방사한 후 8주간 매 1주일 간격으로 점박이응애의 밀도변화를 조사하였다. 칠레이리응애는 점박이응애 발생 지점에 300개체/m2의 밀도로 방사하였다. 방사 후 1주차에는 점박이응애의 상대밀도가 다소 증가하였으나 2주차에는 최초 밀도대비 64%수준으로 4주차에는 16%수준으로 5주차 이후에는 2%수준으로 줄어들었다. 식물원의 특성상 해충 발생지점이 구획화 되어있기 때문에 점박이응애의 조기발견 후 천적 투입량의 밀도를 조절할 경우 2주차 정도의 시간이면 방제효과의 가시적인 관찰이 가능한 것으로 나타났다.

Biological control of Pseudococcus comstocki (Kuwana) with new indigenous natural enemy (Chrysoperla nipponensis (Okamoto)) was carried out on tropical plant (Trachycarpus fortunei (Hook)) from May to July in 2013. Control experiments were conducted at Tropical Plant Resources Research Center of Korea National Arboretum, Pocheon, Korea. Chrysoperla nipponensis was released once (20 larvae/m2) to control Pseudococcus comstocki on 11st May in 2013. We investigated the density of leaf-feeding P. comstocki at intervals of approximately 7 days after introducing their natural enemy, C. nipponensis. The densities of P. comstocki were suppressed 22.4% (after 4 weeks) and 8.2% (after 6 weeks) after introducing C. nipponensis.

국립수목원 열대식물자원연구센터내에 보존, 관리되고 있는 열대식물인 Trachycarpus fortunei (Hook)을 가해하는 깍지벌레류를 채집하여 동정한 결과 가 루깍지벌레(Pseudococcus comstocki (Kuwana))로 확인되었으며 국내에 자생하 는 포식성 토착 천적인 Chrysoperla nipponensis (Okamoto)를 이용하여 생물적방 제 가능성을 확인하였다. 방제실험은 국립수목원내 열대식물자원연구센터 유리 온실에서 진행하였으며 인공사육된 대상식물을 가해하는 가루깍지벌레의 사전밀 도를 조사한 후 20개체의 C. nipponensis를 대상식물에 직접 방사한 후 7일 간격으 로 가루깍지벌레의 밀도를 조사하였다. 조사결과 C. nipponensis의 방사 후 2주차 이후부터 가루깍지벌레의 밀도가 줄어들기 시작했으며 방사 후 4주차에 최초 방사 시점 대비 22.4% 수준으로, 6주차에 8.2%수준으로 해충의 밀도가 조절되는 것을 확인하였다. 최초 해충 발생시기 예찰을 통해 방사시점을 조절할 경우 C. nipponensis를 이용한 가루깍지벌레의 방제가 가능함을 확인하였다.

Background : Several members of the genus Clausena have a great potential as a candidate for the identification of new drug lead molecules, but lack of their genomic information can be a hindrance for the verification of the genetic background for future use. To broaden and delve into the genomic features of this genus, Clausena excavata, an important medicinal plant in many Asian countries, was used for RNA-seq analysis. Methods and Results : A ten ㎍ of the total RNA was used for mRNA isolation using oligo-dT beads and random sheared mRNAs were used to prepare a cDNA library for a illumina hiseq 2500 analysis. In total, 17,580,456 trimmed clear reads from the illumina hiseq 2500 were used for de novo assembly using three assemblers, CLC genomics workbench, velvet-oases, and Trinity. A total of 16,638 non-redundant unigenes with an average length of 755 bp were generated by the assembly. The functional categorization of the identified unigenes by a gene ontology (GO) term resulted in 2,305 genes in the cellular component, 5,577 in the biological processes, and 8,056 in the molecular functions, respectively. The top sub-category in biological processes was the metabolic process with 4,374 genes. Among annotated genes, 3,006 were mapped to 123 metabolic pathways by KEGG metabolic pathway analysis tool. The search for simple sequence repeats (SSRs) resulted in 845 SSRs from 749 SSR-containing unigenes and the most abundant SSR motifs was AAG/CTT with 179 occurrences. Twelve SSR markers were tested for cross transferability among five Clausena species; eight of them exhibited polymorphism. Conclusion : In the present study, genomic resources of the genus Clausena were enriched through RNA-seq and SSR markers, which will serve as valuable resources for genomic/genetic studies of the genus Clausena and close relatives.

This interior landscape design paper was presented for the Agricultural Techniques center of Namhae-Gun. The site is located in Namhae. The design was processed on the basis of survey, plants growth environment and plants characters. The main design concepts are as follows: First, Space was divided the Tropical ecological gardens, the Tropical tree gardens, the Palm gardens, the aboriginal plants gardens of Namhae, the Zoophyte plants gardens, the Trellis gardens ect.Second, The main plants are tropical plants, aboriginal plants of Namhae, zoophyte plants ect. Third, a resting place for the welfare of its local residents and visitors, and finally a place with interior landscape-botanical garden. This Tropical Plant gardens divided six space by lifestyles of plant. People can take photo of the plants and feel the co-experience with the plants in each spaces. This paper provided space design those people can exhibit and sell the plants and various interior landscape instrument. It is expected that this design would serve the local residents as a symbolic, environmentally friendly theme gardens.