본 연구는 챗GPT를 대학 교양영어 수업의 학습 도구로 활용하는 효과 적인 수업구성을 하는 것을 목표로 하고 있다. 구체적인 논의는 다음의 네 가지이다. 첫째, 교육계에서 챗GPT 사용에 관해 찬반 논쟁이 있음에 도 불구하고 생성형 AI가 교육계에 큰 변화를 가져올 것이라는 점에는 거의 이견이 없다. 둘째, 챗GPT를 사용함에 있어서 발생 가능한 문제점 을 팩트 체크의 부재, 지적 재산권의 문제, 문해력 저하로 정리하였다. 학습에서 챗GPT를 도구로 사용하기에 앞서서 이러한 문제점들을 학습자 들에게 반드시 인식시키는 교과과정을 만들어야 할 것이다. 셋째, 교육현 장에서 챗GPT를 사용하기 위해서 학습자에게 선제적으로 인식시켜야 할 점은 생성형 AI가 학습의 도구로서의 역할을 하며, 학습자가 인공지능에 의존하는 것이 아니라 인공지능과 협업을 한다는 것이다. 넷째, 학습능력 이 매우 상이한 학생집단을 대상으로 챗GPT를 학습도구로 사용하기 위 해서는 그룹별 협업을 통한 활동이 중요하다. 그룹원들의 다양한 질문을 인공지능에 주입하여 다채로운 결괏값을 얻어 지식을 창조적으로 (재)생 산할 수 있기 때문이다. 본 연구의 의의는 연구에서 제시하는 수업구성 을 실제 수업에 적용하여 또 다른 연구물을 도출할 수 있다는 점이다.

This study aimed to explore the impact of AI image generators on the affective factors of college-level English learners and the correlations among these factors. During a four-week instructional period, 65 participants were asked to use Midjourney as an AI tool for their user experiences. Affective factors including interest, confidence, and participation were measured through pre- and post-surveys. Using Jamovi for analysis, significant improvements were discovered across all affective factors. Noteworthy improvements occurred in confidence, indicating a favorable impact by AI-generated images on English learning. Additionally, correlation analysis demonstrated significant positive relationships between interest and confidence, as well as confidence and participation. This confirms the interconnected nature of these affective elements in the learning process. The findings suggest that the educational use of image-generating AI tools can beneficially influence English learners’ affective domains. The study calls for further investigation into the pedagogical applications of image AI to foster a more interactive, engaged, and self-assured attitude towards language learning.

In light of the expanding use of technology in education, we attempted to analyze how Korean college students perceived the use of Machine Translation (MT) tools in the classroom. Specifically, this study attempted to explore students’ perceptions of their ability to use MT tools and to measure the reliability of the MT-generated output, along with measuring students’ general sense of confidence in English learning. This research analyzed 183 EFL college students’ responses to an online survey, and a one-way ANOVA was used to test for the differences in the averages of three groups. The results of data analysis revealed that 1) Among beginners, intermediate learners, and advanced learners, those self-identifying as advanced had the highest scores on all the factors measured.; 2) There was a significant mean difference in students’ perceptions of the ability to use MT tools, their beliefs regarding MT’s effectiveness as a learning tool, and affective attitudes towards the use of MT tools between beginner and advanced groups. Based on the findings, pedagogical implications for the effective use of MT tools in the Korean EFL classrooms, and suggestions for future research were presented.

The current study presents a methodology of teaching the connotations and nuances of the word Han (恨) to English-speaking Korean language learners. Since Han (恨) expresses unique and traditional aspects of Korean sensibilities, the goal would be for native English speakers to be able to understand the complexities of its meaning, in spite of the differences in culture background. To this end, research was done into how Han (恨) is translated into English, as there is no term in English with the same meaning. From these findings, a list of Korean vocabulary related to the meaning of Han (恨) was made to show its definitions in English. In addition, a survey was conducted on 42 Americans to find out how English speakers understand Han (恨). As a result of this research, the current study demonstrates the need to teach the meaning of Han (恨) to Korean language learners from English-speaking countries, and suggests a teaching methodology which follows the order of Pre-Class, In-Class and After-Class study based on the Flip-Learning model.

This study aims to investigate the effects of using AI chatbots in Korean English education from a macro perspective. For this purpose, 19 experimental studies are selected to conduct a meta-analysis, synthesizing the results of 51 individual study cases. The results of this study are as follows: First, it is found that the overall effect size of using chatbots is more than medium size meaning that a chatbot is an effective tool to learn English. Second, in the aspects of linguistic competence and affective categories, each shows over medium sizes like the overall effect size. In details of the dependent variables, vocabulary and speaking in linguistic competence and motivation in affective categories, large effect sizes are shown. Third, the effect sizes are getting larger, as the younger the students are, the longer the experiment period lasts, and the more purpose-built the chatbot is. But the differences in the effect sizes in terms of these moderators (e.g., school level, experiment period, and chatbot type) are not significant. Lastly, it is suggested that follow-up studies are needed to collect a sufficient number of experimental study cases and subdivide the variables for performing a more detailed meta-anlysis.

This study investigates the effect of the DDL (Data-Driven Learning) approach on the English sentence writing ability of 6th graders in elementary school. To this end, a total of seven English textbooks were used to build a corpus. Five teachers were then asked to conduct five lessons using a weak version of DDL in their 6-grade EFL classrooms. Students were asked to complete a pre- and post-test and a pre- and post-survey, and a selected number of students and four of the five teachers had in-depth interviews with the researcher. The results are as follows: First, DDL using the textbook corpus was found to be adequate for helping elementary students improve their sentence-writing ability. Second, DDL had a significant effect on upper, middle, and lower level groups of students. Third, the students felt that DDL was neither unfamiliar nor difficult. Fourth, teachers with little teaching experience found it easy to conduct their classes using the DDL approach. This study implies that DDL is an effective approach to teaching communicative functions and language forms in the elementary English classroom and can be useful for all levels of elementary students.

This study investigates the relationship between high school students’ subjective wellbeing, English learning motivation, and English proficiency. Three sub-components of subjective well-being were included in this study: positive efficacy well-being, positive emotional well-being, and positive relationship well-being. In all subcomponents of subjective well-being, the mean value of female students was higher than that of male students. In addition, the students with upper and middle levels of English proficiency showed higher subjective well-being than those with a lower level. Among the subcomponents of subjective well-being, positive relationship well-being was found to have the most significant effect on both the ideal L2 self and the ought-to L2 self. Among English learning motivations, the higher the ideal L2 self, the higher the English proficiency. The subjective well-being and the ideal L2 self positively affected English proficiency. This study suggests that appropriate educational activities are needed to enhance students’ subjective well-being and form a concrete ideal L2 self.

This paper investigates Korean EFL students’ learning (de)motivation factors according to the level of students’ English learning motivation. A total of 41 undergraduate students reflected on their past ten years of English learning experiences and submitted autobiographic essays with ‘motigraph,’ marking their annual changes of English learning motivation from 0 to 10. The data were analyzed with Grounded Theory. The findings revealed that the factors that increased or decreased English learning motivation were different according to students’ level of motivation. Students with low-level motivation were influenced by their teacher or parents, while those with high-level motivation were influenced by their past L2 learning experiences perceived positively by themselves. In both groups, the factors of emotional experiences caused by negative L2 learning experiences were the main reasons for demotivation. This paper emphasizes the importance of subjective appraisal in maintaining students’ L2 learning motivation and recovering from the state of demotivation.

The purpose of this study is to compare the effects of input- and output-based planning (reading a sample passage vs. writing a draft) on the oral performance of L2 learners with low-proficiency. In this study, 16 Korean female junior college students of low English proficiency were divided into two different planning groups. The reading group was required to read a sample passage of the given topic, designed to encourage “noticing” and “focus on form” using input enhancement, while the writing group was asked to write a draft of their speech, using only their own L2 knowledge. After such planning activities, both groups recorded their assigned speaking tasks using Kakao Talk. Eight planning activities and oral performances were completed over the period of the semester. In order to compare the effects of input- and output-based planning on the improvement of overall proficiency, pre- and post-tests, in which the students produced the same narratives, were analyzed using Mann-Whitney U and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests. Furthermore, this study explored any difference in speaking performance after each type of planning and what the learners were actually doing during planning time. The results showed that output-based planning had positive effects on speaking performance and its repeated practice led to the improvement of overall proficiency.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the effects of English learning through social media on the perception and affective factors of college students. To this end, researchers examined whether the educational use of YouTube and KakaoTalk, popular among college students in Korea, differs according to English improvement, affective factors, and English level. The subjects of this study were 63 freshmen majoring in Medical Convergence, who were taking college English at C University located in Gangwon-do. An online questionnaire was used for data collection. The collected data were analyzed using Jamovi, a statistical program. The results are as follows. First, the participants positively changed the perception that the use of social media had on the overall improvement of English. Second, the affective domains such as self-confidence, attitudes, values, beliefs, and interests of the participants also changed positively. Finally, it was confirmed that social media has educational value regardless of English level.

This study aims to investigate the relationship between high school students’ use of vocabulary learning strategies and their motivation. Its main concern is with how the relationship varies between three student groups divided according to their vocabulary achievement. A survey was taken by a total of 275 students enrolled in a high school in Gyeonggi province. 232 students were selected to be studied. The students were divided into three groups - advanced, intermediate, and beginner levels - based on their performance in vocabulary tests. Their responses were analyzed through SPSS to produce both basic descriptive and inferential statistics. The results show the three groups differ regarding which strategies both extrinsic and intrinsic motivation had a significant impact on - these were memory and cognitive strategies for the advanced level group; decision, social, memory and metacognitive strategies for the intermediate level group, and none for the beginner level group. The results also show that the three groups differ regarding which strategies only extrinsic or intrinsic motivation had a significant impact on.

This paper explores initiators of humor and the differing characteristics of humor these initiators use in elementary-level English classrooms in Korea. Forty-nine videotaped ordinary classes and interviews with four teachers were investigated. Teachers tended to make learners the subjects of humor, with this type of humor attracting students to participate in learning. Furthermore, teachers encouraged learners to pay more attention to the form of English language features by humorously revealing mispronunciations or expressions that learners could easily make mistakes with. Additionally, among learners, the primary users of humor were middle- to lower-level students. Teachers needed to build a safe environment for English underachievers who unintentionally made humorous mistakes so that they would not be mocked. Also, certain boys intentionally tried humor to get attention. It is noteworthy that teachers and learners jointly constructed humor by supporting each other. This conjoint humor reaffirms the importance of teachers’ reactions and attitudes towards pupils. By listening attentively and accepting learners’ remarks, teachers could make humorous, meaningful interactions. The current paper projects some pedagogical implications concerning how to use or deal with humor for foreign language teachers.

The study investigates the effects of corpus-based formulaic sequences learning on developing learners’ writing skills and attitudes. For this purpose, fifty-four high school students participated in the study and were divided into two groups. The experimental group learned formulaic sequences with the corpus-based method, while the control group learned the target items through the definition-centered method. The results of the study showed that no significant difference in writing ability was found between corpus-based formulaic sequences learning and traditional formulaic sequences learning. The corpus-based formulaic sequences learning showed a greater effect on improving grammatical accuracy of writing. The traditional formulaic sequences learning was effective in the acquisition of productive knowledge of formulaic sequences. The results of the survey questionnaire showed that the students showed a positive attitude toward corpus-based formulaic sequences learning, which may mean corpus-based learning can play an important role in increasing students’ motivation. These results may suggest that various corpus-based activities for EFL class need to be developed.

The purpose of this study is to examine the relationships among English learners’ motivation, strategies, and achievement. The participants were 61 Korean college students specializing in Aviaition Service and they took a mock TOEIC and completed a questionnaire on learning motivations and strategies. T-test and multiple regression analysis were used to determine the relationships among all variables. The findings revealed that, first, variables in integrative motivation were found to be a statistically significant predictor of achievement while variables in instrumental motivation’ was higher order motivation type. Second, participants used ‘compensation strategies’ most frequently and higher-achieving students used more strategies than their peers did. ‘Metacognitive strategies’ and ‘affective strategies’ had statistically significant impacts on their achievement. In conclusion, the relationships among learning motivation, strategies and achievement was found to be definite. Implications for more effective study habits are suggested.

상선에 당직사관으로 승선하기 위한 해기사는 승선 전 해기사로서 갖추어야 할 적절한 자격요건을 국제규정에 맞게 충족시켜야 한다. 해사영어 활용 능력은 이와 관련한 중요한 요소 중 하나이다. 해기 교육 과정에 입교한 학생들은 교내 수업을 통해 선박과 관련된 영 문 서류, 검사 문서 그리고 사고 보고서에 이르기까지 다양한 상황에 대한 해사영어활용능력을 습득하게 되며 이를 통해 일반 영어뿐만이 아닌 실무에서 사용되는 해사분야 전문 용어 및 특수 문장까지 학습하게 된다. 하지만 선박 및 해운산업의 특수성으로 인해 해사영어를 포함한 해기 지식이 전달되고 또 평가되는 데에는 많은 제약이 존재한다. 해당 연구는 항시 접속 가능한 해사영어 학습 및 시험 플랫폼의 활용을 기반으로 학생들의 학습 결과를 측정하고 이를 통한 교육 효과를 조사하였다. 실험은 승선실습 과정에 참여한 실습항해사를 두 집단으로 나누어 진행되었다. 한 집단은 해사영어 학습 및 평가 플랫폼을 활용하였고 다른 한 집단은 해사영어 학습 및 평가 플랫폼을 활용하지 않았다. 6주의 실험을 통한 최종 시험 결과 두 집단 간 해사영어 시험성적에 유의한 차이가 발생하였으며 이를 통해 해사영어 학습 및 평가 플랫폼의 활용이 해사영어 시험 점수에 유의미한 점수 차이를 가져오는 것을 확인하였다. 또한 학생들의 개인 학습시간을 조사하여 그 교 육 효과를 정량화하였으며 나아가 추후 연구에 대한 개선방향을 제시하고자 하였다. 해당 연구는 해사 교육 분야에 다양하게 적용하여 활 용할 수 있는 학습 플랫폼 활용 효능을 조사하였으며 향후 해사영어 교육 외에 그 범위를 넓혀 활용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

The purpose of this research study is to identify the perceptions of both primary ELL(English Language Learner)s and English teachers on MMP(Multimodal Media Production)-embedded English instruction at a primary English class. In order to answer this question, 182 primary ELLs and 2 English teachers participated in this research. A questionnaire survey was administered to the focal participants and an open-ended interview was conducted with the teachers. The results show that overall perceptions on MMP were comparably high among ELLs, and there was significant difference between genders, grades and English levels in terms of learning interest. The teachers’ interview revealed that MMP would trigger deeper understanding of the lesson and ELLs’ voluntary active class participation by heightening motivation, self-confidence and interest in learning English. In sum, the implementation of MMP-embedded English instruction has positive pedagogical effects for young ELLs since it may promote essential literacy skills in the 21st century as well as help in affective domains.

In the era of the 4th industrial revolution, creativity plays a pivotal role in the competitiveness of a country. The importance of creativity education therefore cannot be overemphasized. The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of discussion-based English reading and writing activities on Korean high school students' creativity, English writing, and self-assessed creative thinking. The participants were 45 high school students in Seoul, Korea. They were divided into two groups: the discussion-based English reading and writing group (n=24) and the traditional English instruction group (n=21). The experiment was administered during two semesters of the 2017 academic year. The major findings are as follows: First, the experimental group showed significant improvement on the creativity test, especially in the areas of fluency, flexibility, and original thinking. Second, the experimental group outperformed the control group on the writing test. Third, the experimental group showed positive changes in their self-assessed flexible thinking, convergent thinking, and intrinsic motivation. All of these indicate the beneficial effects of the discussion-based English reading and writing activities. Based on the results, some pedagogical suggestions were made for the effective integration of creativity education into the teaching of English as a foreign language.

The purpose of this study was to investigate patterns of English learning motivation that changed in high school students from their elementary to junior high and senior high schools from a retrospective perspective. It further examined factors affecting motivation, demotivation, and remotivation. Participants charted progressions and regressions of their English learning motivation. They then took part in semi-structured interviews. Results of the study revealed that the students had the highest motivation in their elementary school years. They showed gradual declines as learning time progressed, showing the lowest motivation in their high school years. Motivation factors included teaching methods, curiosity and interest in English classes, and incentives and praise for learning achievements, while textbooks, curriculum, learning failure experiences, and pressure on grades were demotivating factors. Improvements in test scores and English study skills, experiences of success in English learning, and awareness of the importance of learning English remotivated these students. Identified motivation, demotivation, and remotivation factors differed depending on students’ English proficiency.

This study investigated the relative effects of input-based versus output-based activities on the learning of English unaccusative constructions. A total of 73 high school students were randomly assigned into two experimental groups and one control group. Of the two experimental groups, the input-based input enhancement group (IE group) experienced a reading passage with the learning targets visually enhanced. The output-based dictogloss group (DG group) performed the dictogloss task with the identical passage given to IE group. The control group (CG group) did not experience the learning targets at all. Results showed that IE group statistically significantly outperformed CG group both at the immediate and the delayed posttests, while there was no significant difference between IE group and DG group. In terms of the generalizability of the learned knowledge, however, it was DG group that outperformed CG group at the immediate posttest. Again, there was no difference between IE group and DG group. More detailed findings are provided, along with some implications for English classrooms in Korea.