The purpose of this study is analysis of traditional noble houses style of Ha-Dong area in Kyeong-Nam. The sequence of this study is at first finding the list of survey object, and investigating of those houses, after than drawing the site and floor plan, and lately analysis the characters of inner and outer space of them. It required six months. The results of analysis of them are as follows. 1. The noble traditional houses in Ha-Dong are found eight samples which are not noticed in academic society. 2. The constructions of noble housing in late Period of Cho-sun Dynasty are divided in three parts as a general role. Its grade is similar in Ha-Dong. The number of traditional noble house of (old) volunteer class is two cases. The (new) rich-farmer class is four cases. And there are two cases of (long) authority class. 3. The type of site plan is based on Korean south area style which is the style of departed rectangular type. But outdoor spaces are divided in several space by many fence than other area. It is the special item of construction. 4. The special character of indoor space is the use of 'Gong-ru'. It is called similar space used in top of main entrance building of large building. But it is located in various space in Ha-dong. It is included in any space of Sarang-Che, An-Che, Are-Che. The traditional noble houses of Ha-Dong area have special spacial characters. For long time there space was developed based on local identity. And its characters was divided various classes. Thus Ha-Dong area is definite place of useful identified traditional culture.

The purpose of this study is to prove the correlations among various factors what determined to formation of front elevation proportion system through making an actual survey and investigating. According to the analysis of them, we make conclusions as follows; 1, On the assumption that average distance of 1Kan(間) is 1, the height of foundation is 0.21, the height of floor from foundation is 0.24, the height of normal column from floor is 0.85, the height of eaves from foundation is 1.10. 2. Southeast faced buildings are wider than southwest faced buildings in the distance of 1Kan (間) in the range of $110{sim}220mm$. The height of foundation and floor in the southeast faced buildings are higher than those in southwest faced buildings beside the height of normal column, eaves, high column in the southwest faced buildings are higher than those in southeast faced buildings. 3. As number of front Kan(間) increases, the distance of 1Kan(間) decrease and the height of eaves and high column(高柱) increases. This is cause of making a maximum needed inner space by increasing the distance of 1Kan(間). This is an wisdom for living from ancestors. 4. As number of Dori(道里) increases, the distances of 1Kan are nearly same but the height of eaves and high column(高柱) increases about 300mm, This is a natural result from an increasing of building scale. 5. The distance of 1Kan(間) in later 19C building is most wide but, the unit heights are minimal average values at year 1900 as a reference mark. After this, the height of normal column, eaves, high column are higher about $170{sim}330mm$. 6. The number of Kan in front elevation, Dori(道里), and direction of building have correlations each other in proportion system of traditional housing An-Chae with significant level, p<0.05.

Through a field study of the folk houses, 'Closed ㄱㄴ Type' in Goyang-si, Gyonggj-do, focused on the dweller's life by the method of ethnographic interview, observation, and physical survey. L and opposite L type of inner and outer buildings form a closed inner court, and innermost backyard for woman is enclosed by fence. Form and space of the house contains dweller's traditional life. Outer space of a front gate becomes semiprivate space, for thrashing and piling up harvest and raising vegetables and pigs. Confucius principle does not fully dominate dweller's life of ancestral rite at Daecheong floor, and separation of man's and woman's quarter. Superstitious worship activities took place for lord of site and house. In everyday life, Anbang, inner main room, is assigned for parent's quarter instead of woman's quarter, and Geornbang, next room, was for son's family. Anbang has symbolic meaning for a place of deathbed. House contains agricultural activities, crop harvesting, thrashing, putting into storage, hulling rice, and keeping grain near kitchen. At present, rooms are needed more; sheds are made into rooms, rooms are enlarged toward outside, half outside space like Daechong floor becomes interior space by sash screen. And modern facilities of kitchen and bathroom are equipped for convenience. At the end, meaning and generative principle of those forms are discovered.

This paper is an architectural paper which has been studied about dowelling form and culture in southwestern island area of Korea from 18C up to now. The goal of this research is to present the basic data in new modeling development of dwelling house. This area had less cultural interchange than inland area because of geographical conditions. Therefore, so far, many traditional factors have been handed down and especially, a good many commoner's traditional houses exit. The traditional houses is composed of Anchae (a central house), Sarangchae (an attached house of Anchae). Sometimes, Sarangchae was ommitted according to the circumstance of the house. Generally, the form of arrangement of house is divided into two shapes; One is 'ㅡ' shape which has only Anchae and the other is 'ㄱ' shape which has Anchae and Sarangchae. Approximately, since 1970's, new type of house has been built in this area. Usually, Inside this house are living room, kitchen, toilet, utility and 3 rooms. Wall is made of brick and roof is made of concrete's slabe. We can not find the traditional culture in this type of houses. The house in the futrue, the factors of cuture and the convenience of the present age have to be coexisted.

Basic concept of this study is that architectural form as a material at present has meaning for the dweller's life on the past historical plane. Main method to recover history is ethnographic interview to dwellers. Secondary method is to analyze ancestors' writings, buildings in the background of the family photos, and past drawings and then to relate them with architectural form at present. Taxonomy is a starting point: general name of the building by outside researcher is quite different from it by inside dwellers. 'Haengrang-chae', servant quarter, has never been used for servants. Function of the haengrang went outside thatched houses at the front village. Firsthand observation or simple analyses as results of several precedent research are reexamined and criticized through this study. The mansion has moaning when we synthesize with the site location based on farming land and tenant farmer, and decline of the Kyongpo Lake. Territoriality of the mansion is reinterpreted to 'In-Out Structure' by Yin-Yang thinking, Dwellers extend buildings gradually to outside village, surrounding rear hills, the lake, DongHae Sea, and finally goes to imaginative Taoist heaven beyond real nature through the literary life. Confucius principle, known to govern upper class house at Yi Dynasty also affect general composition of the buildings: perpetuation of the family by ancestor worship, elder dominance and male dominance, fraternity love in the extended family, charity display by reception of guests, Taoist scholarly life harmonized with nature. However, the study of the particular life and usage of the dwellers reinforces or corrects general supposition of precedent researches. Unique shape of the house has been formed by convenience of the dwellers' life style, early modernized free thought over the rigid Confucius design principle, and female power in male dominant society.

The purpose of this study is to find the spatial factors, strucure of living and activity in traditional Korean house through the Phiysiological view, Spatial factors of the house are concerned to the interior environment and sanitary condition, The elements of respiratory, nerve, temperature sence. vision, hearing, smelling have good condition and touch, pressure sence, pain, metabolism are poor in the house, Ventilation, Lighting, pleasant condition of interior environment are concerned to the elements that mentioned above and have most important meaning in the relation rate of space as 1st factor. And 2nd factor is for metabolism, housework and rest, 3rd factor ie for temperature sence, privacy and reproduction. The relation rate of factors concering interior environment are high in the upper class house. Anbang has important meaning in the relation of living structure and relation sequence of space is anbang, Konnonbang, kitchen, toilet, water place, auxiliary buildings. The relation rate of activity is high in interior space in winter and exterior space in summer.

The character of spatial organization in rtaditional house is found through the analysis of field survey and measure of its micro climate in hot weather period of summer. The mean temperature of interior space is higher than outside space of the house. In the point of structural conditions, inside of Choga in caustal and mountain area is cooler than any other houses. In inland area, slate roof house is cooler than Choga. In mountain area, the thermal difference of inside and outside in Kyubjib is higher than Hotjib. In the point of spatial conditions, kitchen is the coolest space and very suitable for spatial organization. Anbang is the hottest space because of its centeral position in the house. In wind condition, mountain area is windy and caustal area is calm. Around the house the rear side of the house is windy and left side is calm.

A study on the traditional houses of North Korea(I) have been published in 1996. This paper is written to supplement the preceding paper. This paper aims at collecting new data of traditional house in North Korea. But still being prohibited for the researchers of South Korea to approach to the field, I had to depend on the memories and experiences of the immigrants from North Korea who are now living in Kangwon and Incheon Province. Through the questionnaire and drawings, they described vivid memory of their old houses. I was able to add new data of 70 cases, which are significant and valuable as much as those of the real field are. Those data, including the exisiting data, are enough for me to analize statstically the regional charateristics, the differnces among economical classes, and the periodical change. It opens the way for verfying the existing theory. Regional charateristics of house in North Korea can be described as followings: a. Hamkyong-do ; Concentrating spaces into one building, Double-fold type plan, Including 'cheongju-kan' space, Weak fences b. Pyongan-do ; Concentrating spaces into two buildings, 二 shape buildings , Single-fold type plan, Strong fence c. Pyongannam-do to Myolak mountains; Concentraing spaces into two buildings, ㄱ, ㄷ shape buildings, Single-fold type plan, Strong fence d. Southern area of Myolak mountains; Concentrating spaces into one building ㅁ shape building, Single-fold type plan with wooden floor space

Architectural researches on the traditional houses of Korea have been studied mainly based on the data collected in the field survey. From explosively incresed real mesurements and drawings in the field, plenty of data have been collected. Those have been the basic data for verifing and developing the theories on the traditional house. But after Korean war the researchers in South-Korea were not able to approach to the field in North Korea, so the new data of North Korea were not added any more. The poverty of real data have caused regional unbalance in the researches. This paper aims at collecting new data of traditional house in North Korea. But still being prohibited for the researchers of South Korea to approach to the field, I had to depend on the memories and experiences of the immigrants from North Korea who are now living in Kyon-Nam and Pusan Province. Through the questionnaire and drawings, they described vivid memory of their old houses. I was able to collect the data of 71 cases, which are significant and valuable as much as those of the real field are. The data include the address and site condition, family structure, economic condition, construction period of each house, The drawings by themselves show the building forms and plans, the plans of each building, and the included spaces. Although the quantity of those data is not enough for statistical analysis, it shows general tendency for analizing regional charateristics, the differnces among economical classes, and the periodical change. It opens the way for verfying the existing theory. Analizing the data, I have some conclusions as followings: a. Most of researchers have classified the dominant housing type of Hamkyong-Do as 'the double fold' type. In this study, all cases of Hamkyongbuk-do also show 'the double fold plan with Chongju-kan'. But in Hamkyongnam-do some cases show 'the double fold plan without Chongju-kan, or projecting the stable into the yard, which seem to be different type from 'the double fold plan with Chongju-kan' b. Existing theories classified the dominant housing type of Pyongahn-do as 'two buildings with pararell arrangement'. This classification is verified with the plentiful cases in this study. Futhermore, I found new tendency, that is, getting higher econnomic condition, they construct annex buildings between the main buildings. Finally their houses show 'scattered ㅁ shape'. The houses included in this two types has narrow and closed inner yard, which is different from the houses of the same shape in the south region of Korea. c. Existing theories classified the dominant housing type of Hwanghae-do as 'ㅁ sape with Daechong' type. I found many cases of 'ㅁ shape', but only two cases show 'Daechong'. 'The doble fold' type was also founded. Unfortunately very few cases were sent from Hwanghae-do, it is not enough for finding general tendency.

This study aims 1) to estimate the form of living house of pre-urbanization of Inchon, and 2) to ensure originality of to be achieve urban plan and living space plan which is base on local character by 3) arranging changed character of living space through the urbanization sequence by invest of house in natural village at Pupyung. The character of arranging living space of house at Pupyung is placing Sarang-chae(husband's block of house) instead of making another Haenrang-chae (visitor's block of house) and Sarang-chae is attach importance to Man's living space but today, have disappearing the uses of Sarang-bang (husband's living space) because by Man lives An-bang(originally woman's space). The character of plan is arranging room in both side of Maru(wooden living floor) in spite of different structure, and the uses of plan or room is changing to fit to purpose of according to environment of living. Generally, the structure is made by natural stone and cubed column, and used smaller member cause by rare wood material.