Most fishing vessels are less than 100 m in length (LBP), which is not mandatory for the IMO standards for ship maneuverability. Therefore, research on estimating the maneuverability of fishing vessel hull shapes are somewhat lacking compared to that of merchant ship hull shapes, and at the design stage, the numerical simulation method developed for merchant ships are applied without modification to estimate the maneuverability. Since this can cause estimation errors, the authors have derived a modified empirical formula that can improve the accuracy of estimating the maneuverability of fishing vessels in a previous study. In this study, using the modified empirical formula, the IMO maneuverability evaluation items, the turning motion test and Z-test simulations were performed on the fisheries training vessel BAEK-KYUNG and compared with the sea trial test result to verify the validity of the modified empirical formula. In conclusion, the modified empirical formula was able to estimate quantitatively and qualitatively similar to the result of the sea trial test. Such a study on estimating the maneuverability of fishing vessels will be a good indicator for fishing vessel operators and will help them analyze marine accidents.

The research vessel NARA equipped with an azimuth thruster system was built in 2015. There are few vessels with this propulsion system in Korea. This vessel has two modes such as the normal for maneuvering and the power for investigation, and the other two modes as one axis and two axes on the operating. This type of vessels does not seem to have a clear grasp of the maneuvering character in comparison with the vessel with a conventional propulsion system. So the authors carried out the sea test for the turning, the zigzag and the inclination, and the results are as follows. In turning test, the case of using the two axes mode is much better than the case of using the one axis mode for the elements of turning, such as advance, transfer, tactical diameter and final diameter, but turning hard over the rudder in full speed is very vulnerable to capsize in both modes. In zigzag test, the yaw quicking responsibility index,  is very large excessively, which means a bad counter maneuvering ability, so an operator has to keep in mind that in turning operation. If necessary to avoid collision at head on situation, it may be a more effective method to use the crash astern stop than the turning according to the conditions and circumstances for the shortest stopping distance is very short.

본 연구에서는 선미형상을 고려한 조종성능을 심수역 뿐만 아니라 천수역에 대해서 수치 시뮬레이션을 통해 검토하였다. 선미형상을 나타내는 파라메터 중 Cwa를 미소(±2%)하게 변화시킴으로써 각 수역에서의 침로안정성, 선회 및 지그재그 성능이 어떤 변화를 보이고 그 경향이 어떻게 변화하는 지를 검토하였다. 선박의 조종성능 관점에서 흘수 대 수심의 비(=d/H)가 0.5 부근에서의 조종성에 큰 변화를 가져오는 중요 지점임을 알 수 있었고, 비대선(VLCC, 탱커 등)과 세장선(컨테이너)의 경우 선미형상의 변화에 따라 조종성능의 변화 정도가 많은 차이를 가질 수 있음을 알 수 있었다. 또한, Cwa를 감소(U형에 근접)시키면 선회운동에 있어서 advance 및 tactical diameter가 증가하고, 지그재그 운동에서는 track reach는 증가하지만 각 overshoot angle들은 감소한다. 이와 반대로, Cwa를 증가(V형에 근접)시키면 선회운동에 있어서 advance 및 tactical diameter는 감소, 지그재그 운동에서는 track reach는 감소, 각 overshoot angle 들은 증가함을 알 수 있었다.

전라남도 순천시 서 면 청소골 일대에 분포하는 히어 리개체군의 분포특성과 개체군 동태를 조사하였다. 히어리개체군은 계곡부와 인접한산림 가장자리를 따라 대상으로 분포하였으며,북사면,북서사면 및 북동사면에만 분포하는 특이성을 보였다. 교목층이 형성된 삼림내에서 아교목층이나 관목층을 이루고 있으며,종조성에 있어서는 히어리가 분포하지 않는 인접지 역 삼림식생과 별다른 차이는 없었다. 25 m2당 평균개체수와 개체당 평균 맹아지는 각각 6.25주 및 3개로서 다른 지 역 에 비해 낮은 밀도를 나타냈으며, 이 지 역의 히어 리개체군이 쇠퇴해가고 있음을 알 수 있었다.

대형선박의 충돌 혹은 좌초와 같은 많은 해양사고는 선박의 조종성능 부족으로 인하여 발생되고 있다. 따라서 IMO(국제해사기구)에서는 1994년 제18회 총회에서 결의서 A.751(18)로서 선박조종성에 대한 잠정기준을 채택하였고, 이 기준은 1994년 7월 1일 이후 건조된 길이100m 이상의 선박 또는 길이에 관계없이 모든 케미컬탱커 및 개스운반선에 대하여 적용된다. IMO 조종성기준은 크게 설계단계에서의 선회성능과 보침성능 및 최단정지성능으로 대별된다. 이 논문에서는 몇 척의 대형선박에 대한 최초 설계단계에서의 자료를 이용하여 조종성능에 관한 계산 및 시뮬레이션을 행하고, 계산된 결과를 모형실험 결과와 비교, 검토하였으며, IMO 조종성기준의 타당성에 관하여 검토 고찰하였다.

인천항의 송도 신도시와 영종도 인천국제공항을 이어주는 제2연륙교 건설사업이 1999년 민간제안사업으로 정부에 제안되어 3차례에 걸쳐 실시된 선박의 통항 안전성에 관한 연구에도 불구하고 적정 교각폭이 결정되지 못하고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 인천항의 장래 교통량의 측면과 최대선형의 선박 조종성 측면에서 소요 교각폭을 산정함을 목적으로 하고 있다. 연구결과, 제2연륙교 주경간 항로는 교통량 수용을 위하여 기본적으로 왕복항로 설계가 필요하며, 2020년 교통량 수용을 위한 소요 교각폭은 1,005m, 최대선형의 왕복통항을 위한 소요 교각폭은 990m로 산정되어 1,000m 교각폭이 장래 교통량 수용 및 최대선형의 안전한 왕복통항이 가능한 것으로 평가되었고, 700m 교각폭은 최대선형의 일방통항은 가능하나 최대선형과 일반 중·소형선박과의 왕복통항은 안전성이 확보되지 아니한 것으로 평가되었다.

In the present trends at which vessels would be supersizedly designed for adapting special cargoes in order for effective controls of logistics in marine transportation, it brings poor manoeuvrability of ships and makes environmental or economical loss seriously due to accidents of a large scale at sea. International Maritime Organization adopted manoeuvring standards and also recommended manoeuvring booklets for ship operators recently. We attempted to find variation of hydrodynamic derivatives when a bare hull was fitted with propeller and rudder, or propeller only by captive model test in the circulating water channel. On comparing experimental results with theoretical values derived from equations, almost same tenden-cies were found at hull-propeller-rudder and hull-propeller situations. Interactions with rudder displayed well at large drift angles.

The Navigational System is the Fundamental System of Port Transportation System and comprises 3 Subsystems, say, the Waterway System, the Shiphandling System and the Support System. The Waterway System of Navigational System is the important and fundamental System for Traffic Safety inside the Port like a Car Road System on Land. This study aims to make a Guideline for the Optimal Waterway System of Port Development and Safety. The Conclusion of this Paper are drawn : 1) The complicated Shiphandling Operations should be avoided for the period of Physical night Time for eliminating the Human Errors. 2) For the Maneuverability and all-weather Combined Piloting the Inside Turn Point Buoy and Begin the-turn Buoy should be mounted with Racon(T) and Radar Reflector for foggy and bad weathers. 3) The Seabuoy located in the Approaching Area for Pilot Station and making Landfall should be mounted with Racon(G) and Morese A Light for giving a Hint of Pilot Station to the Captain on the Bridge, and these Equipments of Racon and Light should be operated normally and effectively even in a Heavy and stormy weathers. 4) A Basic Practical Expression, 1/2 L sin D, for calculating the Extra Width of Cutoff Turn Regions was derived Originally from the Viewpoint of Turn Maneuvers and Maneuverability of the Ship.

The Maneuvering Indices of a ship are the values that decide the quantity of her motion in turning when her rudder is turned over to an angle to the starboard or the port. They consist of two kinds of indices, one of which is called index K and the other, index T. Index K decides a ship's turning ability and index T does the length of time delay of a normal turning motion after her rudder has finished the turn of an ordered angle. Generally, the values of the indices are calculated through some mathematic formulas with figures of her heading degrees recorded at a fixed time intervals during her Z test. The values of the same kind index of a ship appear differently according to the ship'sspeed, trim, rudder angle and loaded condition, etc. In this paper, the author analyzed all the amthematic formulas required to calculate the values of the indices in their forming process and examined them from the point of mathematics and dynamics and also actually figured out the values of maneuvering indices of the M.S. "HANBADA", the training ship of Korea Merchant Marine College through her Z test. The author supposed a case in which two same typed ships as the "HANBADA" in size, shape and conditions were approaching each other in meeting end on situation and each ship turned her rudder hard over to the starboard respectively when they approached to the distance of 3 times as long as the ship's length. The author worked out mathematic formulas calculating forward and transverse ship's motions within the above mentioned situation for the quantative analysis of the collision avoding action to certify whether they are in collision status or not. Applying the calculated values of the maneuvering indices of the "HANBADA" to the motion calculating formulas, the author found out the two ships were passing over each other with the clearing distance o 39m between their port quarters. With the above mentioned examinations and explanations, the author demonstrated that a ship's motion in any collision avoiding action can be shown with quantities of time and distance within reliable limit.istance within reliable limit.