본 연구의 목적은 한국으로 이주한 이주민의 종결어미 사용에서 오류 양상을 살펴보는 것이다. 이를 위하여 국립국어원의 한국어 학습자 말뭉 치에서 이주민의 말뭉치를 선별하였고, 이후 종결어미 사용 및 오류를 분석하였다. 연구 결과, 오류 층위에서는 형태 오류가 1급부터 6급까지 모두 높게 나타났다. 이는 한국어의 서술어에 위치해 있는 종결어미가 대부분 용언이라는 것을 고려해 보면, 이주민들은 고급 숙달도에 도달하 여도 용언 활용을 하는 데 있어서 어려움이 있다는 것을 보여준다. 오류 양상 분석 결과, 대치 오류가 높게 나타났다. 이는 이주민들이 특정 몇몇 의 종결어미로 한정시켜서 종결어미를 사용하고 있음을 보여준다. 따라 서 이주민 대상 한국어 교육 현장에서는 이주민에게 다양한 종결어미의 기능과 의미를 습득할 수 있도록 지속적으로 교육해야 할 필요가 있다.

Kang, Hyeon-Seok. & Kim, Minji. 2018. “A Multivariate Analytical Study of Variation Patterns of Honorific Final Endings in KakaoTalk Dialogue”. The Sociolinguistic Journal of Korea 26(1). 1~30. On the basis of KakaoTalk conversation data, this paper investigates the variations found in the use of honorific final endings, expecially haeyo and hapsyo styles. For this study we collected 3,087 tokens of honorific final endings from the dialogue of 8 KakaoTalk group chat rooms. Through multivariate analyses using Goldvarb and LVS, we examined whether the linguistic and external constraints, which were claimed by Kang (2011) to constrain the usage of haeyo and hapsyo styles in spoken language, also operate in the KakaoTalk dialogues. The results of the analyses revealed not only far more variants in the KakaoTalk data (12 variants of haeyo and 6 variants of hapsyo) than in spoken language but also various additional variants realized with pronunciation spelling and partial omission of final endings. As in the spoken language, ‘sentence type’, ‘speaker's gender’, ‘rituality of utterance’, and ‘formality of situation’ were analyzed as constraints which had a strong effect on the variation. In the data examined, besides haeyo and hapsyo styles, new honorific styles of hao, hasoseo, seupjyo, handayo, hasem/hasam were also found. Two new types of variants which was not yet discussed in previous studies, were also observed in the data: variants of ‘syam’ and ‘syeom’ of hasem/hasam styles and two variants of ‘yo’ realized with consonant addition to the onset position.

Lee, Jae Ho. 2016. “The Use of Korean Sentence-Final Endings by the Students of Chosun Hakkyo, Korean School in Japan”. The Sociolinguistic Journal of Korea 24(3). 317~343. The purpose of this paper is to present the findings which were found throughout a series of investigations performed to clarify what kind of Korean sentence-final endings the students of Korean School in Japan who are the descents of Korean immigrants use. Since the observed endings of the 1st investigation, Participant Observation, were different from the results of the 2nd investigation, Speech Task, the author interviewed the students to verify the results of the 2 investigations. Consequently, the results of Participant Observation and the interviews were generally consistent. There is, however, the possibility of students choosing and using different endings in different situations, affected by factors such as education in school and so on. The results show that the use of Korean sentence-final endings by the students is not simple.

The Sociolinguistic Journal of Korea 14(2). The purpose of this study is to reconsider the existing views on concord of appellation term with a final ending. In general, it has been considered that there is a consistent system to accord 'the object not expressed with pronoun' with 'hashowsheo' form, 'geudui' with 'hayassheo' form, and 'neo' with 'hara' form. There are, however, many examples from actual use which cannot be explained in this framework. Here, the concord of appellation term with final ending in middle Korean is classified into 'conforming model on rule' and 'strategic model of speaker'. The former is sub-classified into 'authoritative type' and 'bonding type', the latter 'appellation type' and 'final ending type'. Considering the fact that the appellation term and the final ending are related to the honorific system, such features as dialogue, personal feelings between interlocutors among others should be included in an analysis. It has been understood that some pronouns are used only with some appellations according to previous research regardless of these facts. The basic approach of this study is to provide an analysis distinctive from prevailing explanations.

【벼리】한국어 구어는 문어와 다른 여러 가지 특징을 가진다. 그 중 하나는 종결어미가 아닌 요소들에 의해 종결되는 문장이 많다는 것이 고, 그 중에서도 연결어미로 문장이 끝나는 경우가 자주 나타난다. 한 국어 학습자들이 한국어로 의사소통을 하게 되면 이러한 부분에서 어 려움을 느낄 수 있다. 본고에서는 현행 한국어 교육에서 이에 대한 교육이 어떻게 이루어지 고 있는지를 한국어 회화 교재를 통해 점검해볼 것이다. 그리고 한국 어 모어 화자와 한국인 학습자들의 실제 발화에서 연결어미에 의해 종 결되는 문장의 빈도와 양상을 살핀 후 비교하여, 교육이 필요하다고 생각되는 부분에 대해 교육 방안을 제시해보고자 한다.

본고에서는 한국어교육에서 지역어 교육의 필요성에 대해 언급하고 경남지역어 해라체 의문형 종결어미 ‘-가/-고’와 ‘-나/노’를 실제 한국어교육 현장에서 사용할 수 있는 지도안을 제시한다. 이를 위해 해라체 의문형 종결 어미 ‘-가/-고’와 ‘-나/노’의 제약조건과 지리적 분포를 확인한다. 한국어 학습자들이 지역어를 학습하는 방법으로 탐구학습을 선택한다. 탐구학습은 가설을 세우고 결과를 도출하는 과정을 모두 학습자가 하기 때문에 학습자들이 학습 과정에 적극적으로 참여하게 된다. 지역어 규칙을 스스로 도출한 학습자들은 한국어 문법에 대한 자신감과 더불어 일상생활에서 흔히 접하는 지역어 사용 오류를 줄일 수 있게 될 것이다.

Kim, Tae-Yeup, 1999. A Study on Korean Unmarked Final Endings. Studies in Modern Grammar 18, 111-127. This is a study to investigate the concept and the function of Korean unmarked final endings. Korean unmarked final endings have the function of the speech level and the sentence ending. The unmarked final endings are diverted from conjunctive endings. The two functions of unmarked final endings are related with the syntactic properties of their original properties. We suppose that the endings changed their syntactic properties with the deletion of the second clause and the auxiliary verb of the auxiliary structure. Despite these changes, these endings maintain the fundamental properties of the speech level and the sentence ending. If our proposal is on the right track, we can conclude that the conjunctive endings have two functions. This functional diversion of conjunctive endings can be interpreted as a grammaticalization.

Kim, Tae-Yeop. 1998. A Morphological Interpretation of Korean Sentence Ending Elements. Studies in Modern Grammar 13, 231-252. The main purpose of this paper is to interpret the Korean sentence ending elements in morphological terms. The sentence ending elements in Korean are composed of one or more elements, one of which is obligatory. The ending elements are analyzed into two types, "equipped" and "unequipped". The former is obligatory to terminate a sentence. The latter is further divided into two types: the one which has undergone functional shift from conjunctive-ending elements, the otrher from free final ending elements.