산양삼은 산림청 특별관리 임산물로 지정되어 관리되고 있지만 체계적인 연구 나 표준 재배지침이 현장의 재배 현실과는 상이한 부분이 많은 실정이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 평창지역의 산양삼 재배지 환경조건에 따른 진세노사이드 함량이 어 떠한가를 알아보기 위하여 산양삼 시료를 각각 10본씩 채취하여 실험을 통해 확 인하였다. 산양삼 입지환경은 경사, 사면 방향, 해발고, 나무 종류, 흉고 직경과 수 고 등 모두 6가지를 조사하여 국립산림과학원의 분류기준을 참고하여 침엽과 활 엽으로 구분하였다. 산양삼 재배지의 토양산도를 포함한 9가지 토양이화학성 분석 에서는 전체적으로 침엽지역보다 활엽지역에서 높은 함량을 보였다. 통계분석 결 과에서는 A, B, C, 재배지에서 침엽과 활엽지역 간 통계적 유의성이 있는 것으로 나타났으며, D 재배지는 침엽과 활엽지역의 유의차가 거의 없는 것으로 나타났다. 진세노사이드 함유량 분석 결과에서는 Re, Rb1, Rg1의 순서로 높은 함량을 나타 내고 있어서 평창 산양삼의 주성분을 확인할 수 있었다. 연구 결과로 산양삼은 산 삼이 잘 생육할 수 있는 환경과 비슷한 곳을 재배지로 선정하여야 고품질의 제품 을 생산할 수 있다고 예상할 수 있다. 향후 본 연구 결과가 임업인 소득증대에 도 움을 줄 수 있는 자료로도 활용될 수 있기를 기대한다.

본 연구는 평창지역의 산지에서 목초 파종시기가 초지의 연차별 식생 및 생산성에 미치는 영향을 구명하고 평창지역의 산지초지 조성에 적합한 피종시기를 설정하고자 2015년 8월부터 2017년 10월까지 평창군에 위치한 서울대학교 국제농업기술대학원의 산지에서 수행되었다. 처리는 총 4처리로 T1: 8월 13일 파종 T2: 8월 27일 파종, T3: 9월 10일 파종, T4: 9월 24일 파종이었다. 월동 후 초지 식생구성을 보면 T1과 T2까지는 목초 식생비율이 98%이상으로 높은 식생밀도를 보였지만 T3이후부터는 급격하게 감소하였다. 분얼의 경우 T1과 T2에서 4.4개 이상으로 양호하였지만 T3이후에는 급격하게 감소하였다. 이러한 초기 월동률의 차이는 이후 목초의 식생 및 생산성에 큰 영향을 주었다. 연차별 식생변화를 보면 T1과 T2의 경우 목초 비율이 81%이상으로 우수하였지만 T4의 경우 상대적으로 불량하였다. 전체 건물 수량의 경우 T2와 T1이 각각 9,042 kg ha-1 와 8,845 kg-1 로 우수하게 나타났지만 T4의 경우 5,086 kg ha-1 로 건물 생산성이 상대적으로 낮게 나타났다. 결과를 종합해보면 평창지역에서 8월 말까지 파종을 완료 한 경우 목초 월동이 향상되었으며 이는 식생이나 생산성 측면에서 유리하게 나타났다.

This experiment was conducted to comparison study on the productivity for certified varieties of import adaptability of silage corn in Pyeongchang area. Total eight varieties (Gangpyeongok, 31N27, 32P75, 32W86, P3156, P3394, DK 689 및 DK 729) were evaluated. The experimental design was 8 treatment of randomized block with three replications. Corn varieties were cultivated in experimental field of Pyeongchang campus, SNU from 1 May to 2 September, 2015 and plot size was 15㎡. Plant height of 32W86 and ear height of Gwanpyeongok was the highest (p<0.05). Tasseling and silking date was 27 July-3 August and silking occurred after 1-3 day of tasseling. Average day to silking was 92 days and that of 31N27 variety was short (p<0.05). The varieties of DeKalbo Company (DK 689 and DK 729) required more times to silking. Average GDD (growth degree day) of eight varieties was 1,023℃ and P3352 was the lowest GDD. In the trials of resistance evaluation, P3394 was strong in disease, P3156 was the highest in insect. All varieties did not show the lodging and variety of DK 729 showed the highest stay green score (p<0.05). Average dry matter content was 30.77%, it showed higher trend in DM. 32W86 was the highest DM content among the varieties, but there was no significant difference among varieties (p>0.05). The weight per ear was the highest in 32W86 and the lowest in Gwanpyeongok. The ration of ear to whole plant was higher in 32W86 and P3394, but it was not found the significant difference (p>0.05). Average yield of fresh and DM was 59,017 and 13,476 kg/ha, respectively. DK 689 showed higher DM and TDN yield than others, but there was not significant difference (p>0.05). According to results, the difference of productivity was not found among certified variety of import adaptability of silage corn. The varieties Gwanpyeongok, 32W86 and 32P75 would be recommendable in Pyeongchang area for stable cultivation.

Kim Ji-suk. 2012. A Study on the Aspect of Diversification of the Myeongtae's Lexical Items from the Viewpoint of Performer. The Sociolinguistic Journal of Korea 20(2). pp. 149-184. This study is to inquire into the aspect of diversification of the Myeongtae's lexical items by way of the vocabularies and expressions related to Myeongtae which varied according to the cognitive aspect of performer. And also, this study is to lay the foundation for the construction of the lexical semantic network of Myeongtae based on the findings of this inquiry. The superordinates referring to Myeongtae were 'Myeongtae, Maengtae' in both the fishing villages and the Deokjang. However, the subordinates of Myeongtae varied according to the performer's cognitive viewpoints. The fishermen expressed Myeongtae into ‘Jibangtae, Daetae, Saegogi, Naksitae, Moktae’ according to distance, size, condition, fishing tools, characteristics. Unlike the fishermen, the workers in Deokjang expressed Myeongtae into another subordinates. In Deokjang, ‘Daetae, Jungtae, Sotae’ were used according to the size as in the fishing villages. However, ‘-tong, -tongbaegi’ were used more universally in Deokjang. Additionally, ‘Jjintae, Norangtae, Naktae’ were used according to condition, color, characteristics, which means another aspect of diversification appeared. Surely, this aspect of diversification is very relevant with the Deokjang workers'environmental factors. It is certain that several classification mechanisms were performed for the name of one object. By way of the performer's cognitive way, the classification mechanism of the vocabulary was able to be drawn. The ‘distance, fishing tools’ for the fishermen and the ‘-tong, -tongbaegi’ for the Deokjang workers were functioned as the first mechanism, and then various lexical items were diversified according to the condition and the characteristics. In this study which carried out a practical vocabulary research, it is found out that linguistic and cultural aspects, the performer's cognition influence on even the lexical items. Also this study examines out the classification mechanism of the Myeongtae's lexical items. This study has a significance in that it is helpful for recognizing everyday vocabularies about Myeongtae which have lived with our people and history for a long time, and also for recording everyday vocabularies of fishing villages which is in danger of extinction.

본 연구는 부존 조사료자원 이용으로 수입사료를 줄이고 사료비를 절감하고자 2010년도에 전남 해남(간척지), 강원 평창(강변), 원주(섬강변), 전남 영광(와탄강변) 등 4개 지역에서 갈대와 억새 등 야초 자생지를 탐색하고,수확 이용실태 조사와 함께 사료가치를 분석하였다. 전남 해남 해남목장 내 갈대(Phragmitescommunis) 위주의 야초 자생지는 300 ha로 예년에는 2회 곤포작업하여 연간 사일리지로2,300~2,500톤(ha당 8톤)을 생산하였으나 2010년도는 1회 곤포조제로 사일리지 2,000톤(ha당7톤)을 생산하였다. 유통가격은 롤 당 53천원으로 kg당 110원이었다. 곤포는 전량 자가소비하며, 외부 작업단에 롤 당 26천원의 작업비를지불하였다. 연간 조수입은 2억 2,260만원이며,소득은 1억원 수준(345천원/ha)이었다. 초장150 cm의 갈대는 조단백질 8.4%, 상대사료가치71.9 (건초 5등급), 건물 소화율 60.1%로 사료가치는 볏짚에 비해 약간 나은 것으로 평가되었다. 갈대 사일리지의 사료가치와 유기산 함량은 동일 지역에서 동일한 재료로 사일리지를조제하더라도 수확시기에 따라 차이가 컸으며(CP 4.7~6.4%, RFV 62.2~78.9, 건물 소화율41.9~53.9%), 갈대 사일리지의 품질은 수단그라스에 비해 불량하였다. 강원 평창 강변 자생갈대의 사료가치는 초장이 79, 117, 121, 142cm로 생육이 진행됨에 따라 낮아져, 조단백질은 각각 13.9%에서 7.6%로, 상대사료가치는90.7 (건초 3등급)에서 76.1 (건초 4등급)로, 건물 소화율은 72.9%에서 54.7%로 감소하였다.원주 섬강 주변 야초류는 곤포수확 작업에 어려움이 있었으며, 초장 130 cm의 갈대는 조단백질 8.5%, 상대사료가치 82.3 (건초 4등급), 건물 소화율 70.2%로 사료가치는 높았으며, 220cm의 성숙한 갈대는 조단백질 10.2%, 상대사료가치 65.1 (건초 5등급), 건물 소화율 48.9%로볏짚 대비 조금 나은 것으로 평가되었다. 전남영광지역에서는 와탄천 주변에 자생하는 갈대를 수거 이용하고자 시도하였으나 경제성이 없어 중단하였다. 이상의 결과를 종합하여볼 때,갈대, 억새 등 야초류는 현 상태에서 최대한수거 이용하되, 사료가치를 유지하고 가축 기호성이 양호한 시기에 수확하는 것이 중요하며, 최소한 볏짚과 비슷하거나 그 이상의 사료가치를 기대하기 위해서는 7월 중순 이전(늦어도 7월까지)에 수확 이용하는 것이 권장된다.

한국의 중부에 위치한 평창, 영월 지역은 석회암 지역이며 생물지리학적으로 매우 중요한 지역이다. 2010년 3월부터 10월까지의 조사로 평창, 영월 지역의 식물상을 밝혀 석회암 지역 식물 연구의 기초자료로 활용하고자 한다. 이 지역의 식물상은 134과 503속 1,010종 11아종 110변종 10품종 4잡종의 1,145분류군으로 확인되었다. 환경부 법적보호인 멸종위기야생식물은 7분류군이며, 한국고유종은 50분류군이었다. 식물구계학적특정식물은 238분류군으로 5등급 24분류군, 4등급 30분류군, 3등급 60분류군, 2등급 45분류군, 1등급 79분류군으로 나타났다. 귀화식물은 82분류군이었으며, 본 조사지에서 다른 지역에 비해 특이하게 분포하는 식물은 53분류군이 확인되었다. 이 중 석회암 지역에서만 분포가 확인되는 식물은 35분류군이며, 격리되어 분포하는 북방계 식물은 15분류군, 해안성 식물은 3분류군이었다.

자생 초본식물의 보존과 임간재배에 필요한 기초자료를 얻고자, 가리왕산과 중왕산 지역의 아고산대에 분포하는 천연활엽수림을 중심으로 주요 자생 초본식물의 분포와 입지인자를 조사하고 상호관련성을 분석하였다. 초본식물 분포조사에서는 136종의 초본식물이 확인되었으며, 개별꽃의 상대우점치가 10.8%로 가장 높게 나타났다. 그 밖에 주요 식물종은 벌깨덩굴, 현호색, 참나물, 대사초, 단풍취, 큰개별꽃, 얼레지, 곰취, 만주족도리풀, 피나물, 노루오줌 등 이었다. 노루귀와 단풍취; 참나물과 두메투구꽃; 두메투구꽃과 풀솜대; 벌깨덩굴과 큰개별꽃, 등의 종간에는 매우 높은 정의 상관이 인정되었다. 주요 식물종의 유집분석 결과, 7개의 그룹으로 나뉘어졌다. 주요 자원식물종이 선호하는 입지인자들이 밝혀졌다. 곰취, 단풍취, 박쥐나물, 얼레지, 참나물 등은 해발고가 높을수록 많이 분포하였고, 곰취는 토심이 깊을수록 많이 분포하는 것으로 나타났다. 얻어진 결과는 평창군 아고산 천연활엽수림의 보전과 주요 지원식물의 임간재배에 활용할 수 있을 것이라 사료된다.

In the Sosan reclamation land constructed by Hyundai Co,1984, the basic soil test and electric resistivity survey are carried out for the soft grounds around Tee and Kkot islands composed of tuffbreccia, and granite, respectively. The soil of soft grounds are classified as sandy clay(SC) and sandy silt(SM) in the Tee island, and as sandy silt(SM) in Kkot island according to the unified standard classification system. The vertical distribution of the electric resistivity is identified 4 layes with the value 30∼224 Ωm, 3∼59 Ωm, 0.15∼1.5 Ωm, 110∼1280 Ωm(Tee island:112∼122 Ωm, Kkot island:1260∼1283 Ωm), and the layers are interpreted as aeration layer, freshwater saturated layer, seaweater saturated layer, weathered layer, and basement rock respectively. The electric resistivity value decreases with increase of salinity, and pore water and clay mineral content.

In this study, a weighted ensemble method of numerical weather prediction by ensemble models is applied for PyeongChang area. The post-processing method takes into account combination and calibration of forecasts from different numerical models, assigning greater weight to ensemble models that exhibit the better performance. Three different numerical models, including European Center Medium-Range Weather Forecast, Ensemble Prediction System for Global, and Limited Area Ensemble Prediction System, were used to perform the post-processing method. We compared the model outputs from the weighed combination of ensembles with those from the Ensemble Model Output Statistics (EMOS) model for each raw ensemble model. The results showed that the weighted ensemble method can significantly improve the post-processing performance, compared to the raw ensemble method of the numerical models.

This paper considers a homogeneous multiple regression (HMR) model and a non-homogeneous multiple regression model, that is, ensemble model output statistics (EMOS), which are easy to implement postprocessing techniques to calibrate probabilistic forecasts that take the form of Gaussian probability density functions for continuous weather variables. The HMR and EMOS predictive means are biascorrected weighted averages of the ensemble member forecasts and the EMOS predictive variance is a linear function of the ensemble variance. We also consider the alternative implementations of HMR and EMOS which constrains the coefficients to be non-negative and we call these techniques as HMR+ and EMOS+, respectively. These techniques are applied to the forecasts of surface temperature over Pyeongchang area using 24-member Ensemble Prediction System for Global (EPSG). The performances are evaluated by rank histogram, residual quantile-quantile plot, means absolute error, root mean square error and continuous ranked probability score (CRPS). The results showed that HMR+ and EMOS+ models perform better than the raw ensemble mean, HMR and EMOS models. In the comparison of HMR+ and EMOS+ models, HMR+ performs slightly better than EMOS+ model in terms of CRPS, however they had a very similar CRPS and if there exists a ensemble spread-skill relationship, it is seen that EMOS is slightly better calibrated than the homogeneous multiple regression model.

In this study, we analyzed the performance of calibrated probabilistic forecasts of surface temperature over Pyeongchang area in Gangwon province by using Bayeisan Model Averaging (BMA). BMA has been proposed as a statistical post-processing method and a way of correcting bias and underdispersion in ensemble forecasts. The BMA technique provides probabilistic forecast that take the form of a weighted average of Gaussian predictive probability density function centered on the bias-corrected forecast for continuous weather variables. The results of BMA to calibrate surface temperature forecast from 24-member Ensemble Prediction System for Global (EPSG) are obtained and compared with those of multiple regression. The forecast performances such as reliability and accuracy are evaluated by Rank Histogram (RH), Residual Quantile-Quantile (R-Q-Q) plot, Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and the Continuous Ranked Probability Score (CRPS). The results showed that BMA improves the calibration of the equal weighted ensemble and deterministic-style BMA forecasts performs better than that of the deterministic forecast using the single best member.

The drastic change of mountain community, which have led existing villages to a size reduction or an extinction, makes this study concentrate on finding out the new community unit as a spatial zone of dayily life and agricultural production. The communality which has played a key role in a aura settlement consistency has been focused on the socio-economic aspect till now, neglecting the spatia] nature. The settlement-communality( SC) putting a stress on the spatial aspect can be, therefore, shapec as being multi-dimensional, composed of both a horizontally areal coverage on the surface of the residential place and a vertically hierarchial relationship between settlements, by analyzing thro( elements of communality that are the economic, socio -cultural and spatial activities. The research site is located administratively in Milan-Myoun, Pyoungchang-Gun, Gangwon-Do that ha: the characteristics as a typical mountain community. The results of field survey of which the method i: to draw the activity zone from an interview with every village's head and some residents with th( prepared questionaire can be summarized as followings. Firstly, the SC in almost all villages tended to be weakened or extincted, none the less, the spatia zone of that overally enlarged and got out of natural village unit(hamlet). However the areal coverall on which the SC has an influence reaches up to the alliant domain of a few villages generally congruen with the lowest level administrative district, Secondly, the economic and social activity pattern in village life has a tendency to be directly linked with a upper central place, so that has induced the function of a central village in the middle-low settlement hierarchy to be largely shrinked. Not only the conventional residents'access to goods service but also the recent service-delivers'access to residents has gradually formed the vertical communality with direct linkage between the upper and the bottom level settlements Lastly, the enfeeblement of the SC in the lowest settlement level tends to be supplemented by enlarging the horizontal zone of the SC or especially by strengthening the vertical direct linkage system. The very this point makes the mountain community open to the external world and also makes the spatial unit of community be multi-dimensional just like a cubic.