The purpose of this study was to develop an algorithm in which human arousal and pleasant level can be judged using measured physiological signals. Fuzzy theory was applied for mathematical handling of the ambiguity related to evaluation of human sensibility, and the degree of belonging to a certain sensibility dimension was quantified by membership function through which the sensibility evaluation was able to be done. Determining membership function was achieved using results from a physiological signal database of arousal/relaxation and pleasant/unpleasant that was generated from imagination. To induce one final result (arousal and pleasant level) based on measuring the results of more than 2 physiological signals and the membership function of each physiological signal, Dempster-Shafer's rule of combination in evidence was applied, through which the final arousal and pleasant level was inferred.

Objective: To examine the effects of occupational therapy intervention on hand function after botulinum toxin injection in a patient with dystonia. Method: The subject was a 41 year old female and the study was carried out from February 25th to May 24th in 2002. The Jebsen Hand Function Test and Nine Hole Peg Test were used for assessment, and also hand and finger powers were assessed by grip strength, lateral pinch strength and three jaw chuck pinch strength. The scores were obtained during occupational therapy sessions at 4 weeks and 12 weeks after the injection. Modified Ashworth Scale was employed to grade spasticity before the injection, at 4 weeks, and 12 weeks after the injection. Results: Among the subtests of Jebsen Hand Function Test, the speed increased in the writing (15.4%), turning cards (64.4%), simulated feeding (92.0%), moving empty large cans (30.0%) and moving weighted large cans (41.6%), however, the speed of other subtests which were checkers(-26.8) and picking up small objects (0.0%) did not increase. The performance on Nine Hole Peg Test did not change (0.0%). Hand power of grip strength increased by 275%. Finger power increased in lateral pinch strength (40.0%) and three jaw chuck pinch strength(150.0%). Based on Modified Ashworth Scale, spasticity decreased from grade 4 before the injection to grade 1 at 4 weeks and 12 weeks after the injection in wrist and fingers. Conclusion: Occupational therapy intervention after botulinum toxin injection can improve the hand function in a patient with dystonia.

부재의 일정구간에 설치된 긴장재의 긴장작업과 이미 긴장되어 있는 상태의 긴장재를 이완시키므로써 의도적으로 유도되는 2차 모멘트를 이용한 새로운 연속화 공법이 개발되었다. 본 공법에서는 이들 긴장재의 긴장과 이완공정이 가장 핵심이 되는 작업이 되며, 실용적인 측면에서는 그 크기와 순서를 결정하는 것이 주된 과제가 될 것이다. 본 논문에서는 이 과정에서 필요한 최적의 긴장과 이완 비율의 조절 과정에 관하여 연구하였다. 그 결과, 긴장작업과 이완작업은 먼저 긴장작업부터 시작하여 3단계에 걸쳐 점진적으로 실시하는 것이 구조의 안전과 시공성을 위해 타당한 방법으로 나타났다. 그리고, 민감도 분석을 통하여 결정되는 선행 긴장작업의 긴장력 크기는 최소와 최대의 비율범위를 동시에 만족하는 값으로 결정되어야 하나, 시공의 효율성을 위해서 필요할 패는 최소 긴장비율만을 하한치로 하여 결정하여도 큰 문제는 없다.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) approach on the spasticity of affected side in patients with hemiplegia. Three subjects with hemiplegia participated in this study. In single-subject research design (a multiple baseline across individuals) was employed in this study. The intervention program including PNF to the unaffected side was introduced for 30 minutes each day during each intervention phase. Muscle tone of affected side was measured with Tone Assessment Scale, and active hip abduction distance of affected side was taken with the subject supine. And then the muscle tone and the hip abduction distance were measured again 30 minutes later following the intervention. The results showed that the PNF application had some beneficial effects on both muscle tone and active hip abduction. This result suggest that PNF application to non-paretic limb can be effective in reducing muscle tone and improving hip abduction range on paretic limb in persons with hemiplegia. However, further research is needed to prove the effect of PNF application on functional improvement.

본 연구는 객관적인 생리신호로부터 인간의 감성을 추론할 수 있는 감성평가 전문가 시스템을 개발하기 위한 첫 번째 단계로 측정된 생리신호를 이용하여 인간의 긴장도를 판단하는 알고리즘의 개발을 목표로 한다. 감성평가와 관련된 애매함을 수리적으로 취급하기 위해 퍼지이론을 적용하여 임의의 감성영역에 속하는 정도를 소속함수로 정량화함으로써 감성평가를 가능하게 하고자 하였다. 소속함수의 결정은 상상을 통해 유발된 긴장/이완의 생리신호 데이터베이스 결과를 사용하였다. 그리고 두 가지 이상의 생리신호 측정결과와 각 생리신호의 소속함수로부터 하나의 최종결과(긴장도)를 유추하기 위해서 Dempster-Shafer증거합 법칙을 적용하였고, 이를 통해 최종적인 긴장도를 도출할 수 있도록 하였다.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation(TENS) on sympathetic tone in healthy subjects. Stimulation in the conventional and burst modes was applied to the skin of the forearm overlying the median nerve. TENS was applied for 20 minutes at an intensity sufficient to produce a perceptible though not uncomfortable sensation and no muscle contracion of the forearm musculature. The change in sympathetic tone was measured with skin temperature. Skin temperature was measured at the index finger and on the volar surface of the forearm in the stimulated limb. The conventional and burst modes did not change the skin temperature at any of the two measurement sites. We conclude that TENS, as applied in this study, does not influence sympathetic tone. Further research is needed to assess the sympathetic effects of TENS on patient groups, long term treatment and other modalities.

This paper presents the results of the tests on electrical impedance for the steel wire under the effect of ambient temperature and stress level shift. The experiments are carried out in variable temperature conditions ranging from 30 to 60 ℃ and different stress levels ranging from 10% to 70% of yield strength. The results show the relationship between electrical impedance and temperature is a linear correlation at all stress levels.

본 논문에서는 신뢰적인 PSC 교량 내하성능 평가 기법 제안을 위해 PSC 교량 해석 모델을 이용한 구조물의 거동 양상을 분석하고 교량의 실제 변형률 데이터를 반영한 교량의 거더별 긴장력 손실량 유추 및 활용을 위해 PS 텐던의 긴장력 손실에 따른 교량의 응력 이완 패턴을 도출한다. 그리고 실제 교량의 계측 변형률에 큰 비중을 차지하는 온도구 배의 영향을 적절하게 제거해 긴장력에 의한 변형률 데이터를 추출한다.

프리스트레스트 콘크리트(PSC) 교량은 강연선 통해 도입되는 압축력을 이용하는 구조로서 강연선의 긴장력을 당초 의도대로 확보하는 것이 PSC 교량의 안전에 중요한 요소이다. PSC 교량의 긴장력은 시공 당시부터 사용 중에 이르기까지 여러 가지 요인들로 인해 감소하므로 현재 상태에서 긴장력의 크기를 정확히 파악하는 것은 대단히 중요한 일이다. 한국건설기술연구원은 강연선의 강 심선을 FBG 광섬유 센서가 내장된 카본섬유 심선으로 대체시킨 스마트 강연선을 개발하고 검증했으며, 이를 실제의 외부 텐던 교량에 적용하여 약 500일 동안 안정적으로 계측을 실시하고 있다.

포스트텐션 프리캐스트콘크리트(Precast Concrete, PC) 보-기둥 접합부에서는 프리스트레스가 도입된 긴장재가 접합부 내부를 관통하기 때문에, 기존의 철근콘크리트(Reinforced Concrete, RC) 보-기둥 접합부와 다른 거동을 나타내며, 포스트텐션 PC 접합부의 정확한 해석 및 설계를 위해서는 먼저 긴장재의 부착특성 및 그에 따른 접합부 거동이 명확히 규명 되어야 한다. 이 연구에서는 포스트텐션 PC 보-기둥 접합부에서 긴장재의 부착특성을 분석하고, 그에 따른 보의 거동 및 파괴모드를 규명함으로써 이를 추후 보-기둥 접합부 모델링에 활용하고자 한다.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the variation of tension of existing tendon by additional tendon installation. As a result of the analysis, it was found that the tension value was decreased overall compared with before tenden reinforcement. The cause of the reduction of tension is presumably due to the effect of reinforcement.

The evaluation for the status and levels of tension acting on a cable supported structure has been a issue due to the structural stability. Each of strands comprising that structures is adopted prestress, the tension level of the strand during the operation is a significant factor for structural integrity of the system. However, a suitable alternative for measurement of tension acting on a strand is not proposed, as well as conservative assessment of cable system is bing adopted in industrial application. Thus, in this paper, a new method is proposed for measurement of tensile forces in a strand using guided waves. This method use a dispersion characteristic of guided waves with variation of stiffness between each of wires. Proposed method is experimentally verified by some experiments using a seven-wire strand.

The main objective of this paper is a feasibility Study for measuring tensile forces in the steel wire which are widely used in various types of prestressed structures. A steel wire serves as a load-bearing element, and electromagnetic-acoustic transducers are used to excite and detect resonant vibrational modes. The results show a promising feasibility on measurement of tensile forces in the steel wire.

본 연구는 탄소섬유시트, 아라미드섬유시트, 그리고 유리섬유시트를 혼합한 하이브리드 FRP 플레이트를 제작하였으며, 제작한 보강 플레이트를 보강한 후, 최대한의 휨 보강 효과가 발생되도록 다시 보강 플레이를 긴장시켜 RC보의 휨 보강 효과를 파악하고자 하였다. 또한, 긴장시키는 보강방법을 제시하는 동시에 무보강 실험체에 비해 보강효과가 어느 정도 되는지 실험적으로 규명하기 위해 실험적 연구를 진행하였다. 연구를 위해 총 8개의 RC 보 부재를 동일하게 제작하여 1 개의 실험체(N 실험체)를 제외한 7 개의 실험체는 보강재 종류, 단부 정착 앵커 개수, 보강재 두께 등을 주요 변수로 하여 실험을 실시하였다. 실험결과, 휨 거동을 보이는 실험체에 긴장을 가한 FRP 플레이트로 보강하면, 보강하지 않은 실험체에 비해 우수한 휨거동(초기강도, 항복시 강도 및 강성, 최대강도 등)보여 주었으며, 단부정착 앵커의 개수가 많고, 보강재의 두께(보강량)가 클수록 보강효과가 우수한 것으로 나타났으며, 긴장시킨 보강재는 단일 FRP 플레이트에 비해, 하이브리드 FRP 플레이트를 적용했을 때 보강효과가 더 우수하게 나타났다.

There are more than 9,300 bridges on the highway, of which about 34%(3,150) are PSCI bridges. The safety of these bridges is directly influenced by the tensile strength of the internal tendons(strand) and the strength of the concrete compared to the reinforcing bars from the design viewpoint. Therefore, in this paper, for the maintenance plan considering the damage of the internal tendons, the internal tendon cutting and truck loading test was conducted and deflection and appearance status change was analyzed. As a result of the test, deflection increased and flexural cracks occurred on center of the girder. And longitudinal direction cracks followed tendon placement occurred on a bottom flange.

In this study, the severing tests of prestressing steel in old PSCI bridges were carried out. The behavior of the bridge is investigated by measuring the displacement and strain at midpoints of severing girder. The effects of severing some prestressing steel were not noticeable enough to be visible.

본 연구에서는 프리스트레스 긴장력의 위치와 크기에 따른 거더의 횡비틀림 안정성 실험을 수행하였다. 거더를 이용한 횡방향 거동 및 안정성 실험은 재료의 비선형성, 초기 기하학적 불완전성, 긴장력의 변화, 하중조건과 지지조건 등 다양한 변수에 의해 예상치 못한 결과를 발생시킬 수 있다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 프리스트레스 거더 축소 모형 실험안을 제안하여 긴장력에 의한 횡비틀림 안정성을 실험을 수행 하였다. 하중 가력조건과 면내 및 면외 지지조건을 만족하며 긴장력을 조절할 수 있는 실험장치를 제안하고 제작하였다. 실험결과 하부 플랜지에 긴장력이 작용하는 경우 횡비틀림 안정성을 증가시켰으며, 최종적으로 긴장력의 위치와 크기에 따라 횡비틀림 안정성을 평가할 수 있는 해석식을 제안하였다.

In this study, the grouting condition and the corrosion of prestressing steel in old PSCI bridges were investigated. There are many places where the construction quality of the grout is poor to prevent the corrosion of prestressing steel. Partial surface corrosion was found regardless of the construction condition of the grout.

Post-tension system was applied most PSC bridges in Korea. Also Grouting was applied to prevent corrosion of the strand. For this reason, it is difficult to inspection the condition of the strand after completion. Therefore, in this paper, the Nondestructive testings(NDTs) developed at domestic and foreign was investigated. In addition, the current level and limit of the NDTs were analyzed considering the existing bridge environment. As a result of the study, Strand condition inspection using NDTs have been analyzed to have technical and environmental limitations.