This study was carried out to elucidate the development of unprecedented water-bloom caused by a single species of colonial green algae Eudorina elegans in the upstream area of the Seungchon weir located in the Yeongsan River from late April to May 2013. The Yeongsan River is typically regulated system and the waterbody is seriously enriched by both external and internal sources of nutrients. Seasonal algal outbreaks were highly probable due to various potential factors, such as the excessive nutrients contained in treated wastewater, slow current, high irradiation and temperature, in diatom (winter), green algae (spring) and bluegreen algae (summer). Spring green-tide was attributed to E. elegans with level up to 1,000 mg m-3 (>50×104 cells mL-1). The bloom was exploded in the initial period of the algal development and after then gradually diminished with transporting to the downstream by the intermittent rainfall, resulting in rapid expansion of the distribution range. Although the pulsed-flows by the weir manipulation was applied to control algal bloom, they were not the countermeasures to solve the underlying problem, but rather there still was a remaining problem related to the impact of pulsed-flows on the downstream. The green-tide of E. elegans in this particular region of the Yeongsan River revealed the blooming characteristics of a colonial motile microalga, and fate of vanishing away by the succeeding episodic events of mesoscale rainfall. We believe that the results of the present study contribute to limno-ecological understanding of the green-tide caused by blue-green algae in the four major rivers, Korea.

Daecheong Reservoir has suffered eutrophication and water-blooms by blue-green algae from initial impoundment, and algae alert system (AAS) was introduced in 1997. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of rainfall and hydrological factors in increase or decrease variability of green-tide and prolonged AAS, studied and analyzed the current situation of AAS has been operating for 19 years(1997~2015) in Daecheong Reservoir. The total issued number of AAS was 46 times, the most frequent period in August and September were 22 times (752 days) and 16 times (431 days), respectively, it accounted for 82.6%. Many number and frequency during this period were significantly associated with rainfall, various discharge and water level. Rainfall and hydrological events are associated with the rainy season of monsoon-Changma and the typhoon, it was concentrated in June~September, total rainfall in this period accounted for 69.9% of the annual rainfall. An increase in inflows was dependent on the intensity, frequency and the amount of rainfall. Accounted for 68.4% of the total annual inflow, it was a time when the most rapidly changing hydrological variability in the reservoir. The total outflow was closely related to rainfall, and compared the distinctive characteristics of hydropower generation and watergate-spillway discharge. In addition, the upreservoir zone of Daecheong Reservoir could be vulnerable to green-tide by regulating discharge of the upstream dam. The issue of AAS was strongly related to the with and without of watergate-spillway discharge. The watergate-spillway discharge had a total of 25 times, it was maximum 17 days from July to September in the year. And the opening times and each duration of the watergate were 1~4 times and the range of 3~37 days, respectively. When the watergate opened, the issue of AAS was maintained to 13 years and the movement of water bodies and green-tide was great about five times than that of non-open, had a profound effect on prolonged AAS within reservoir. In Daecheong Reservoir, Chusori (CHU) area of the So-ok Stream was still showing serious symptoms green-tide levels in the summer, but Janggye (JAN) waters of the main reservoir was pointed out that more important. AAS will be operated by an absolutely consider the rainfall and hydrological effects around the watergate-spillway discharge. The measures of green-tide will be included in the limnological studies more suited to the characteristics of the watershed and reservoir of the our country. Finally, from now on, we will prepare the systematic management and guidelines for vulnerable zone water-blooms that are the source within the reservoir before the monsoon rather than waiting for the arrival of green-tide on the operating stations of AAS.

이 연구는 대표적인 미래바이오에너지인 해양바이오에너지 산업의 현황과 전망에 대한 탐색을 통해, 향후 녹색성장의 필수요소인 그린에너지 개발의 실행전략 수립에 필요한 함의 도출을 목적으로 하였다. 이 연구에서는 해양바이오에너지 산업에 대한 국내외 시정 분석을 통해 장기적 관점에서 산업으로서의 해양바이오에너지의 미래 전망을 추정하였다. 이를 기반으로 향후 우리나라의 녹색성장 동력 창출의 한 부분을 담당하게 될 해양바이오에너지 산업 육성은 위한 R&D 전략...

한국 동해안 삼척시 갈남 해역의 조간대와 조하대에 생육하는 해조류의 군집구조 변화와 무절산호조류의 분포현황을 2010년 8월부터 2011년 5월까지 계절별로 총 4회 조사하였다. 연구기간에 녹조류 14종, 갈조류 33종, 홍조류 65종이 출현하여 총 112종 채집 및 동정되었다. 이 중 29종은 일 년 내내 출현하였다. 생물량을 근거로 한 우점종은 구멍갈파래(Ulva pertusa), 불레기말류(Colpomenia spp.), 모자반(Sargassum fulvellum), 톳(Sargassum fusiforme), 몽당잎모자반(Sargassum muticum), 지충이(Sargassum thunbergii), 작은구슬산호말(Corallina pilulifera)과 우뭇가사리(Gelidium elegans)였다. 해조류의 연평균 생물량은 건중량으로 66.7 gm-2이었고, 여름에 107.5 gm-2로 최대였고 가을에 36.2 gm-2로 최소값을 기록하였다. 기능형군 분석에서는 성긴분기형(coarsely branched form)이 전체 해조에서 40.0~48.6%를 차지하였다. 엽상형(sheet form), 사상형(filamentous form) 및 성긴분기형을 포함한 기회종인 생태학적 상태그룹 ESG II는 46∼61종으로서 76.7∼82.4%를 차지하였다. 각상형의 무절산호조류는 모든 계절에 출현하였으며, 대표적인 종이 혹쩍(Lithothamnion lemoineae), 혹돌잎(Lithophyllum okamurai), 납작돌잎(Lithophyllum yessoense), 나팔가시돌잎(Hydrolithon gardineri)이었다. 동해안 갈남 해역에서 무절산호조류의 피도는 선행 연구에서 36.8%였으나, 금번에 11%로서 감소하고 있음을 확인하였다.

Haliotis discus, a useful abalone of herbivorous gastropod, shows feeding preference tomarine algae depending upon their growth stage and recognition of taste. This study was carriedout to investigate this abalone’s algal preferences and the presence of feeding stimulants. Insingle-choice experiments the small(S) group generally preferred Ulva pertusa(Chlorophyta),whereas the medium(M) and large(L) group preferred both Laminaria japonica(Phaeophyta)and Undaria pinnatifida(Phaeophyta). In multi-choice experiments using 4 algal species of L.japonica, U. pertusa, U. pinnatifidaand Ecklonia cava(Phaeophyta), the results were same as inthe single-choice experiments; the S group preferred U. pertusathe most, while the M and Lgroup preferred both U. pinnatifidaand L. japonica. However E. cavawas not preferred by anygroups. In order to examine the presence of feeding stimulant, chemical compounds from algae usedas feed were isolated and identified. The abalone responded to water soluble matters of L. japo-nica, U. pinnatifidaand U. pertusa, but those of E. cavaand Sargassum sagamianum(Phaeophyta)were not attractive to them. In feeding stimulant experiments using fat soluble matters, the S grouppreferred the fat soluble matter of U. pertusathe most, while the M group and the L group pre-ferred those of U. pertusaand U. pinnatifida, and those of L. japonica, respectively. However the fatsoluble matter of S. sagamianumwas not attractive to the abalone. The results of feeding sti-mulant experiments were same as those of single-choice or multi-choice experiments, which show-ed that compound lipids in fat soluble matter might act as feeding-stimulant.

Marine algal flora and community structure were investigated seasonally at six sites in the vicinity of Mokpo harbor, on the west-southern coast of Korea from March to December 2004. In total, 88 species including 13 green algae, 20 brown algae, and 55 red algae were collected and identified. Among these species, 21 species were found throughout the year. Gelidium divaricatum and Caulacanthus ustulatus were distributed mostly in the upper intertidal zone. By contrast, Ulva pertusa and Sargassum thunbergii occurred predominantly in the middle intertidal zone. Sargassum fusiforme, S. thunbergii and Chondria crassicaulis were most common in the lower intertidal zone. The annual mean biomass in wet weight was 234.7 g m−2. The maximum biomass was recorded in spring (317.5 g m−2) and minimum was recorded in winter (156.9 g m−2). The R/P, C/P, and (R+C)/P values reflecting the flora characteristics were 2.75, 0.65 and 3.40, respectively. Two groups were produced by cluster analysis, one including group close to inland sites 1, 2, 6 and the other including group in offshore sites 3, 4, 5.

This study was performed to have an effect on control the growth of algae such as "Actinastrum fluviatile" which occurs frequently in the aquaculture tank using by a cold plasma, and it also would be expected to promote the growth of water plants due to active element causing OH radicals in the water. In addition, it was verified on the death rate as 99.9% on the scale protrusion of "Aeromonas hydrophila" as well as E. coli, especially, under extreme conditions more than 100 million pathogenic bacterium in the aqua pet tank, the ornamental fish had to act in a safe and healthy environment at over 98% death rate within 48 hours. It has been proven to give no affect on aerobic bacteria that exist in the filter or soil because there was no residual toxicity in the water tank. As the results, it will help to develop and apply on the sterilization device in other industries as well as aquarium organisms due to adopted energy-saving algorithm and reliability in use.

본 연구는 전 세계적으로 심화되고 있는 갯녹음의 발생 현황과 아열대 및 열대해역에서 우점하는 산호류의 심각한 산호백화 현상의 분포 정도를 파악하였다. 갯녹음이 발생하는 원인은 물리적, 화학적 및 생물학적 원인으로 나눌 수 있으며, 매우 다양한 원인에 의해 갯녹음이 발생하는 것으로 나타났다. 국내에서 발생한 갯녹음은 점점 증가하고 있으며,실제 진행 중인 면적은 이보다 훨씬 많을 것으로 예상된다. 또한 산호백화 현상은 전 세계 연안에 걸쳐 발생하고 고 있으며..

Algal blooms in potable water supplies are becoming an increasingly prevalent and serious water quality problem around the world. In addition to precipitating taste and odor problems, blooms damage the environment, and some classes like cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) release toxins that can threaten human health, even causing death. There is a recognized need in the water industry for models that can accurately forecast in real-time algal bloom events for planning and mitigation purposes. In this study, using data for an interconnected system of rivers and reservoirs operated by a New Jersey water utility, various ANN models, including both discrete prediction and classification models, were developed and tested for forecasting counts of three different algal classes for one-week and two-weeks ahead periods. Predictor model inputs included physical, meteorological, chemical, and biological variables, and two different temporal schemes for processing inputs relative to the prediction event were used. Despite relatively limited historical data, the discrete prediction ANN models generally performed well during validation, achieving relatively high correlation coefficients, and often predicting the formation and dissipation of high algae count periods. The ANN classification models also performed well, with average classification percentages averaging 94 percent accuracy. Despite relatively limited data events, this study demonstrates that with adequate data collection, both in terms of the number of historical events and availability of important predictor variables, ANNs can provide accurate real-time forecasts of algal population counts, as well as foster increased understanding of important cause and effect relationships, which can be used to both improve monitoring programs and forecasting efforts.

본 연구는 청정수역으로 알려져 있던 북한강 수계에서 저수온기에 우점한 남조류 Anabaena spiroides 현존량과 이취미 물질인 지오스민 (geosmin)에 대해 조사하고 환 경인자와의 통계적 분석을 통하여 A. spiroides의 증식 특성을 알아보고자 하였다. 2011년 11월 말에 A. spiroides가 과다증식하였는데 출현지역은 의암호 내의 공 지천 유입부 부터 하류의 팔당호까지 그 범위가 넓고 하 류로 확산되는 특성을 보였다. 저수온기에 수온 상승과 체류시간 증가 등의 물리학적 수환경 변화가 남조류 A. spiroides의 과다증식에 영향을 미쳤다. A. spiroides 현존 량은 팔당호에서 11,325 cells mL-1로 최대증식을 보였으 며, 수온이 4􀆆C 이하로 내려가면서 A. spiroides 현존량이 급격히 감소하였다. 수환경 요인 중에서 수온 하강이 A. spiroides 현존량 감소에 가장 큰 영향을 준 인자였다. 남 조류의 대사물질로 이취미의 원인물질인 Geosmin은 팔 당호에서 최대 1,640 ng L-1 농도를 나타냈다. 북한강 수 계에서 Geosmin 농도는 A. spiroides와 매우 유의한 상 관관계를 보여 A. spiroides에 의해 이취미가 유발되었음 을 시사하였다.

Spills of M/V Hebei Spirit on 7th December 2007 caused a seriously damage to the ecosystem of Korean coast. Of these, microbial communities (i.e., attached benthic micro-algae) were reported to be sentive to the environmental change so it can be used for ecological risk assessment. Our experiment was designed to examine the ecological risk assessments for oil pollutant using benthic attached algal community on the artificial substrates of acrylic plates. Field monitoring in the culture system was conducted in Jangmok Bay. The abundances of attached micro-algae on artificial substrates gradually increased with increasing of sampling times. Among them, diatoms were the most important colonizer of coastal water, with the genera Cylindrotheca and Navicular most abundant. In particular, developed the culture system has correctly measured qualitative and quantitative abundance of attached micro-algae because same acrylic plates as artificial substrates were used. Thus, this culture system may be directly applied to the ecological risk experiments of microbial community structure from oil pollutants.

새만금호의 염습지에 위치한 갯벌 5 지점에서 동정된 부착조류는 5강의 44종이었으며 규조류가 33종으로 가장 다양한 조성을 나타냈다. 2007년 이후 연도별 출현종수에서는 전체적으로 큰 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 출현종 수가 가장 크게 변동한 곳은 D1 지점으로 2009년에는 전년에 비해 2배 이상의 종이 출현하였다. 부착조류 개체수는 대부분 규조류에 의한 것이었다. 세포수와 생물량은 2009년에 가장 높았으며, D1과 D2 지점에 서는 큰 증가를