Kori Unit 1 was permanently shut down in 2017 and is preparing to be dismantled. Decommissioning nuclear power plants is expected to generate a lot of decommissioning waste. Therefore, a radioactive waste treatment complex will be built on the site to safely and effectively the process of decommissioning waste generated from the Kori Unit 1, and the details are specified in the decommissioning plan. Therefore, a safety assessment should be conducted according to the facility’s normal and abnormal operations to construct a radioactive waste treatment complex. Currently, a safety assessment for a radioactive waste treatment complex can be conducted by the Safety Assessment Framework (SAFRAN) Tool based on the Safety Assessment Driving Radioactive Waste Management Solutions (SADRWMS) methodology developed by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). The SAFRAN Tool can be calculated radiation dose and hazard quotient (HQ) for workers and the public under normal and abnormal conditions of the radioactive waste treatment complex. When evaluating the radiation dose for the public due to releasing radioactive materials into the air or discharging radioactive materials into liquids, the radiation dose is calculated using the amount discharged or released from the treatment complex, and the Pathway Dose Factors (PDFs) derived from the generic environmental model given in the IAEA Safety Reports Series No.19. PDFs, which reflect the specific site data rather than the generic environmental model data, should be calculated and evaluated when performing the safety evaluation of the radioactive waste treatment complex to be built on the Kori site. In addition, in the SAFRAN tool, there is an inconvenience in that it must be calculated separately by radionuclides to calculate the contribution of dose or HQ for each radionuclide. Therefore, in this study, a safety assessment tool for a radioactive waste treatment complex was developed using Visual Basic by supplementing the limitations of the SAFRAN tool. This tool was developed to allow users to choose whether to apply PDFs based on the IAEA SRS-19 based on the generic environmental model or PDFs calculated to reflect the specific site data. Furthermore, the tool considered all types of decommissioning wastes that may occur during the decommissioning of the Kori Unit 1 and the treatment process scheduled to be introduced. Therefore, this study is expected to be used as basic data when conducting the safety assessment of radioactive waste treatment complex scheduled to be introduced in Korea.

본 연구는 충돌 사고 중에서 정박지에서 대기하고 있는 선박과 이 정박지를 통항하는 선박 간 충돌사고가 자주 발생함에 따라, 정박선 사이를 통항하는 선박의 충돌위험을 예측할 수 있는 모델을 개발하기 위한 기초 연구로 통항 선박의 안전 영역을 도출하는 것이 목적이다. 이를 위해 우리나라 최대 항만인 부산항 남외항 정박지를 대상 해역으로 선정하고 정박선이 가장 많이 대기한 기간 VTS(Vessel Traffic Service) 항적 자료를 추출하여 분석하였다. 정박선 사이를 통항하는 선박의 길이(L)를 기준으로 정박선과 어느 정도의 안전한 거리 (D)를 두고 통과하는지를 알기 위하여 통항 선박의 방위별 D/L 비를 구하였다. D/L 비 분포의 평균 domain을 기준으로 기존 선박 domain 범위 안으로 정박선이 존재할 비율을 분석하여 VTS 관제사의 위험 정도를 반영한 domain을 도출하였다. 추후 연구로는 정박선 사이의 최소 안전거리인 Domain-watch와 정박지 통항 선박의 안전 domain을 활용한 정박지 통항 선박의 충돌위험도 평가 및 분석을 하고, 이를 통해 VTS가 정박지를 좀 더 효율적이고 안전하게 관리하기 위한 모델을 개발하고자 한다.

In order to collect basic data for the improvement of fishing systems in coastal improved stow net fishery, a questionnaire survey and on-site hearing were conducted from May 10 to June 11, 2019 on the basic items of coastal improved stow net fishery and safety accidents that occurred during fishing operation. The questionnaire for the survey on the actual conditions of coastal improved stow net fishery consisted of a survey on basic matters (six questions) and a questionnaire (six questions) on safety accidents occurring during fishing operation. The results of the survey on basic items were analyzed by region (Incheon, Seocheon, Gunsan and Mokpo), by the captain’s age (less than 50 years of age, 50 to 60 years and more than 60 years of age), by the captain’s career (less than 20 years, 20 to 30 years, 30 to 40 years and more than 40 years) and by the age of fishing vessel (less than 10 years, 10 to 20 years and more than 20 years). According to the survey on basic items of coastal improved stow net fishery such as the captain’s age, the captain’s career, the age of fishing vessel, the fishing nets in use, the crews on board and the operation days per voyage by region, the average captain’s age was 55.7 years, the average captain’s career was 20.5 years, the average age of fishing vessels was 9.0 years, the average numbers of nets used by fishing boats was 14.0 sets, the average numbers of crew on board a fishing boat was 4.4 persons and the average numbers of operation days per voyage was 4.9 days (p < 0.05). As a result of the survey on safety factors during fishing operations, such as experience of ship accidents, major causes of ship accidents experienced, causes of ship accidents (first priority), experience of human accidents, major causes of human accidents, and causes of human accidents (first priority), more than 96% of the respondents experienced ship accidents including collisions with other vessels or fishing gear during fishing operations. The most significant cause of the accident was the other’s fishing gear installed in the fishing grounds. The first possible causes of ship accidents during fishing operations were found to be other fishing gear installed in fishing grounds, steering or engine failure, and inability to avoid accidents during casting and hauling nets. The survey of the experience of human accidents, such as injuries or sea falls, showed that more than 90% of the respondents experienced human accidents during fishing operations. The most important cause of accidents experienced during fishing operations was stucked in a fishing gear during casting and hauling nets. The first important causes of accidents during fishing operations were movement of the fishing gear during casting and hauling nets, damage of the fishing gear such as rope cutting. The results are expected to be provided as a basic data to prevent safety accidents occurring during fishing operation and improve the fishing system in the coastal improved stow net fishery.

본 연구는 선원들의 안전보건활동 실태조사를 통하여 선내 재해예방과 안전보건활동 대책에 필요한 기초 자료를 제공하기 위한 목적으로 최근 6개월 이내 승선경험이 있는 437명을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였다. 분석결과 선원들의 안전보건활동 수준은 평균 68.82점이었으며, 작업장 정리정돈이 76.08점으로 가장 높았고, 안전보건관리체계가 62.78점으로 가장 낮았다. 안전보건활동 수준 차이 검증결과 해상직원이 육상직원보다 높았고, 고학력자가 저학력자에 비해 높았다(p<0.01). 외항이 내항보다 높았으며, 특수화물선이 다른 선종보다 높았다(p<0.01). 선박의 크기는 대형선이 소형선에 비해 높았으며, 선령이 5년 미만 선박종사자에서 가장 높았다(p<0.01). 따라 서 선원의 안전보건활동 수준을 높이기 위해 개인 및 직무특성과 선박의 특성 차이를 고려한 다양한 안전보건교육프로그램의 개발, 선 내 안전보건활동의 활성화 등 선원들의 재해 예방을 위한 적극적인 선내 안전보건 활동 지원 대책이 필요하다.

This study analyzed the condition of marine accident and disaster rate of crew of Korean fishing vessels by vessel type, and checked the Australian safety management system and relevant regulation in Korea to suggest measures to build coastal/offshore fishing vessel safety management system in Korean coastal/offshore fishery. As a result, the power and production amount of Korean coastal/offshore fishing vessel is consistently decreasing while marine accident is increasing. Disaster rate of crew was higher than land industry, especially, the disaster rate of coastal/offshore fishing vessel was very high (100.0‰). Australia applies safety management system differed by vessel type and operation waters which fully considers the characteristics of pertinent vessel. The average accident rate of fishing vessels with gross tonnage over 20 tons among the Korean coastal/offshore fishing vessel was 13.6%, which was significantly higher than fishing vessels with gross tonnage below 20 tons (1.4%). Such result indicates it is urgent to implement safety management system to fishing vessel with gross tonnage over 20 tons and introduce fishing vessel safety supervisor. Establishing safety management system of coastal/offshore fishing vessel will contribute to consistent industrial development by achieving the general goal of reducing marine accident and spreading safety culture.

The analysis on the international safety management code (ISM Code) and case of foreign national safety management for fishing vessel was conducted to serve as a basic data on the introduction of safety management system (SMS) for a deep-sea fishing vessel in Korea. As a result, Maritime New Zealand (MNZ) has managed operations of SMS in the maritime rules according to the Maritime Transport Act since 1994. MNZ underwent a safe ship management (SSM), which includes elements applied to shipping companies, ship and verification of the ISM Code for ships, except ISM Code application since 1998. In 2014 the introduction of the advanced maritime operator safety system (MOSS) superior to the SSM by MNZ was promoted actively switch and enforcement. Meanwhile, the safe operation manual of Japanese fishing vessel includes large part of the contents of the ISM Code, and voluntary implementation to fit the realities of the fishing vessel. The law application of SMS for a deep-sea fishing vessel after the newly establishment of the Ocean Industry Development Act to SMS would be advantageous to the schematic management, supervision, maintenance and application and, in 2016 from the implementation of maritime safety supervisor for a deep-sea fishing vessel that the management and supervision through the fishing vessel will be the efficient operation. The configuration of the safety management system in a deep-sea fishing vessel should be included as an element of ISM Code. The introduction of such a system is gradually applicable, such as nationality overseas vessel case study of the ISM Code, and vessels that are excluded from the application will be implemented as autonomous as Japan. The results are expected to contribute to sustainable development in the ocean industry safety culture spread throughout the ocean industry through the enhancement of safety fishing competency and safety management responsibility of fisher.

여객선 안전성등급 평가모듈을 설계하기 위하여 선박교통의 안전공학적이론, 해양사고분석과 안전법 제상 요구사항을 검토하여 안전성에 영향을 미치는 평가요소를 도출하였다. 이들 평가요소에 대한 상관성 과 설문 데이터를 분석하여 여객선안전성등급평가 모듈을 구성하고 유효성을 평가하였다.