유사한 시기에 조사된 다른 위도의 저서성대형무척추동물 군집 구조의 시공간적 차이를 비교한 결과, 평창 조사지역에서는 3문 5강 12목 44과 69분류군 13,042개체, 완도 조사지역에서는 4문 5강 12목 37과 52분류군 8,887개체가 채집되었다. 평창이 완도보다 다양도와 균등도 또한 높게 나타났다. 우점종은 평창에서는 두점하루살이로 나타났고, 완도에서는 길쭉하루살이로 서로 달랐다. 집괴 분석 결과 평창과 완도 조사지역의 군집 특성이 명확하게 나누어졌으며 지역 내에서는 대체로 계절성의 영향이 컸다. 지표종 분석에서는 총 4종의 지표종이 선정되었으며 대체로 해당 조사시기 및 지점에만 나타난 종이 선정되었다. 기능적 군집으로는 주워 먹는 무리인 깔따구류를 제외하였을 때 평창 조사지점에서는 긁어먹는 무리가 가장 많았다. 완도 조사지점에서는 주워 먹는 무리가 가장 많았으며 평창 조사지역에 비해 걸러먹는 무리의 비율이 더 높았다. 군집 온도지수 산출 결과 평창이 9.8℃, 완도가 11.0℃으로 평창의 군집이 더 낮은 온도를 선호하는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 서식지 온도 특성이 저서성대 형무척추동물 군집 구성에 크게 영향을 미치고 있음을 반영해 주었다.

본 연구는 2018년 7월 20일부터 2018년 8월 1일까지 안산시 단원구에 위치한 화랑유원지 오토캠핑장의 집수정에서 연구를 실시하였으며, 조사지점은 기법별로 대조지점, 천적지점, Bti 지점을 선정하였다. 서식처 환경 분석 및 채 집된 저서성 대형무척추동물을 대상으로 종조성, 군집분석, 상관성 분석, 유사도 분석을 실시하여 잔물땡땡이, Bti 가 저서성 대형무척추동물에 미치는 영향을 파악하였다. 서식처 환경 분석 결과, 수질항목은 지점간 유의한 차이는 없는 것으로 분석되었으며 (p>0.05), 하상구조 및 식물군 락이 유사하여 서식처 특성에 의한 종조성의 차이는 적을 것으로 판단된다. 조사시간 동안 총 11목 22과 38종 4,818 개체가 출현하였으며, 천적지점은 대조지점과 비교적 유사한 종조성을 나타내는 것으로 분석되었다. 반면 Bti 지점은 다른 지점에 비해 단순한 종조성을 나타내었으며, 파리목의 종수 및 개체수가 가장 빈약한 것으로 분석되었다. 군집 분석 결과, 조사기간 동안 Bti 지점에서 불안정한 군집양상을 나타내었으며, 천적지점은 비교적 안정적인 군집양상을 나타내는 것으로 분석되었다. 파리목과 모기유충을 대상으로 수질과의 상관성 분석을 실시한 결과, 파리목과 기온, 수온은 음의 경향성을 나타내었으며, 모기유충과 기온은 - 0.610*, 수온은 -0.674*로 유의한 음의 상관성을 나타내는 것으로 분석되었다 출현종을 대상으로 유사도 분석을 실시한 결과, 대조지점과 천적지점은 조사시기별 61.11~ 73.68%, Bti 지점은 30.77~56.00%의 유사도를 나타내어 천적지점에 비해 대조지점과 유사도가 낮은 것으로 분석되 었다. 본 연구는 단기간의 연구 결과로 습지유형 등을 고려 하여, 다양한 환경에서 생물학적 모기유충 방제 기법이 저서성 대형무척추동물에게 미치는 영향에 대한 장기적인 연구가 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

한강수계 남한강의 보 (강천보, 여주보, 이포보) 공사 후 수변부 여울 구간의 물리적 환경의 변화에 따른 유수성 저서동물의 군집 변화를 확인한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 첫째, 보에 의한 여울구간의 소실은 유속, 하상 등 물리적 환경의 변화를 야기하여 수질요인과는 독립적으로 수생태계에 영향을 미칠 수 있다. 둘째, 남한강 보 구간의 수변부 물리적 서식환경의 복합적인 변화는 유수성 분류군의 군집구성에 영향을 미친 것으로 판단된다. 셋째, 저서성 대형무척추동물 유수성 지표 후보종 157 분류군은 수생태계 변화의 원인 분석을 비롯한 하천 수생태계 복원 및 재자연화 등에 유용한 지표로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. 넷째, 향후 유속변화에 대한 수생태계 영향을 면밀하게 파악하기 위해서는 분류군별 유속에 대한 저항성 또는 선호도를 바탕으로 한 지표연구가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

Headwater streams provide various microhabitats, resulting in high diversity of macroinvertebrate community. In this study, we compared the differences of communities between two adjacent headwater streams (Jangjeon stream (GRJ; GRJ1-GRJ5) and Haanmi stream (GRH; GRH1-GRH3)) in Jungwang and Gariwang mountains, Gangwon-do and evaluated the effects of habitat condition to the macroinvertebrates community composition. In order to characterize the macroinvertebrate communities and extract influential environmental factors, we applied to Cluster analysis (CA), Indicator species analysis and Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS). Total 33,613 individuals in 3 phyla, 5 classes, 13 orders, 51 families, and 114 taxa (genera or species) were collected. Gammarus sp. was dominant at the upper stream of GRJ, whereas Chironomidae spp. was abundant at GRH and the downstream of GRJ. The CA classified samples into six clusters (1-6) reflecting spatial and temporal variation of benthic macroinvertebrate communities. Benthic macroinvertebrate community composition was significantly different between two adjacent streams. Sweltsa sp. 1, Psilotreta kisoensis, Rhyacophila shikotsuensis and Serratella setigera were identified as representative indicator species for clusters 1, 2, 3 and 5, respectively. Similar to CA results, NMDS revealed the spatial and temporal differences of benthic macroinvertebrate communities, indicating the difference of community composition as well as microhabitat condition. Forest composition, proportion of boulders (>256 mm), and water velocity were main factors affecting the macroinvertebrate community composition.

이 연구는 거머리말 (Zostera marina)의 서식지와 비서식지에서 퇴적환경과 대형저서동물의 분포양상을 파악하는 것을 목적으로 조사를 수행하였다. 영흥도에 서식하는 거머리말은 1월과 4월 사이에 성장을 시작하며, 7월에 급성장을 보이고 11월부터 입과 마디 탈락이 시작되고 나서 겨울에는 성장을 멈추는 것으로 판단되었다. 퇴적환경은 서식지에서 Sand와 같은 조립질 퇴적물이 우세하고, Sand와 Mud가 혼합된 퇴적 양상이 강하게 나타났으며, 비서식지에서는 Slit와 같이 세립질 퇴적물이 우세하였으며, 계절적 변화는 뚜렷하지 않았다. 그 결과로 거머리말의 서식지가 비서식지와 상이한 입도조성 및 유기물함량을 보이며, 이에 따라 대형저서동물의 종조성에도 영향을 미친 것으로 판단되었다. 대형저서동물군집은 서식지에서 비서식지에 비하여 높은 출현종수와 서식밀도를 가지는 것으로 나타났으며, 이 종조성에 기초한 생태학적제 지수의 평가결과, 군집의 안정성을 나타내는 지수들이 서식지에서 높은 수치를 보였다. 특히 종풍부도지수 (J)의 경우는 2배 정도의 차이를 보일 정도로 큰 차이를 나타내며, 군집의 안정성에서 거머리말 서식지가 더욱 높은 것으로 파악되었다. 집괴분석 (Cluster analysis)을 수행한 결과 Similarity 50 에서 2개의 정점군으로 구분할 수 있었으며, 2개의 정점군은 거머리말의 서식지와 비서식지로 구분되어 나타났다.

Headwater streams are main sources of water, sediments, and organic materials that are transported downstream. Inthis study, we characterized the variability in benthic macroinvertebrate communities according to spatio-temporal variationresponding to the differences of environmental characteristics. We collected benthic macroinvertebrates at five samplingsites along longitudinal gradient on the Jangjeon stream in the Gariwang Mountain at three different seasons (spring, summerand autumn). We identified 93 taxa in 44 families. The dominant species was Gammarus sp. at the upper stream, whileit was Chronomidae spp. at the downstream. Changes of functional feeding guilds was clearly observed along the longitudinalgradient. Species turnover rates was higher in summer than in other seasons. The habitat condition including the landcover of their riparian zone and hydrological factors were major factors influencing on the community composition.

Benthic macroinvertebrates were investigated in thermal discharge that flows Buso stream region from December 2015 to February 2016, Korea. Study site was selected for the upstream, downstream relative to the mixing station and mixing station which thermal effluent flows, water quality analysis and benthic macroinvertebrates composition, taxa of EPT-group individuals, analysis of biological water quality. As a result, a total of 4,015 individuals including 50 species, 30 families, 11 orders, 4 classes, and 3 phyla were recognized. Taxa of species is Ephemeroptera 16 species (32.0%) including 6 families, the density composition was highest in 1,848 individuals (46.03%) Diptera. EPT-group occupied during the study period were a total of 1,876 individuals (46.72%) including 32 species and 17 family, lowest in the mixing station for study period. As a results of community analysis, mixing station in the Limnodrilus gotoi and Chironomidae sp.2, which is dominated by the analysis was Ecdyonurus levis, Cincticostella levanidovae, Nemoura KUa. The dominant species showed a difference in the upstream and downstream. In the functional feeding groups, in the upstream and mixing station Gathering-Collectors, downstream it was analyzed that the ratio of the highest Filtering-Collectors and decreased the ratio of Shredders increasing from upstream to downstream. Habitat orientation group is analyzed that accounted for most of the Clingers and Burrowers, from upstream to downstream toward the higher the ratio of Clingers. Biological water quality assessment results were analyzed the worst state in the mixing station with an average 2.73 (±0.41). Correspondence analysis, correlation analysis results of water temperature and the cold-water species, as the water temperature increases were analyzed by reducing cold-water species and EPT-group.

Headwater streams are the main sources of water sediment and organic material for downstream reaches and their small catchments coupled terrestrial-aquatic linkages. Because headwater streams provide valuable habitats for unique and diverse assemblages of aquatic fauna, they are also essential for sustaining the structure and function of the watersheds. Therefore, it has been recently supported that headwaters are important areas for maintaining biodiversity. In this study, we surveyed four different headwater streams in different watersheds to characterize differences of benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages among study streams. Benthic macroinvertebrates were collected seasonally with a Surber net at four different streams. In addition, hydrological and physicochemical environmental factors including temperature, discharge, width, conductivity, dissolved oxygen and pH were also measured at each sampling site. Community indices were used to differentiate spatiotemporal changes of macrointertebrate communities. Multivariate analysis were used to characterize the relationships between communities and environmental factors. Differences of their environmental condition such as meteorological factors and stream hydromorphological factors were reflected in the ordination with macroinvertebrate communities.

Benthic macroinvertebrates are sedentary and have an intermediate life span ranging from months to a few years. They play a key role as consumers in the food trophic structure by linking producers, top carnivores, and decomposers in aquatic communities. Therefore, they have been widely used for ecological assessment of aquatic ecosystem health in an integrative and continuous manner. In this study, we characterized benthic macroinvertebrate communities at reference sites, which are not disturbed. Benthic macroinvertebrates were collected seasonally with a Surber net at three different streams (Pocheon, Hongcheon, and Namhae). In addition, hydrological and physicochemical environmental factors including temperature, discharge, width, conductivity, dissolved oxygen and pH were also measured at each sampling site. Spatial and temporal differences of benthic macrointertebrate communities were analyzed based on community indices, functional guilds, etc. relating to their environmental factors. Multivariate analysis were used to characterize the relationships between communities and environmental factors. Benthic macroinvertebrates were significantly different among sampling sites reflecting differences of their environmental condition such as hydromorphological factors, meteorological factors, etc.

Intermediate disturbance hypothesis is one of important hypotheses for presenting the diversity patterns under disturbances. To investigate the diversity patterns of benthic macroinvertebrate communities under various disturbances, we collected macroinvertebrates in 47 sites representing various habitat types as well as pollution gradients in Southeastern Korea in summer and winter. Environmental variables such as depth, velocity, substrate and conductivity, and biological water quality indices (e.g., BWMP) were measured to show the intensity of disturbance in each site. Species abundance distributions (SADs) which are one of the efficient ways to assess community structure states based on macroecology were also considered to represent the pollution status based on the community patterns along an established pollution gradient. The community patterns were broadly divided into log-normal distribution and geometric series groups according to SAD models with weak and strong disturbance, respectively. According to the application of physicochemical water quality variable (conductivity), the gradient of community indices showed higher values on the intermediate disturbance state. Higher values of community indices, however, were presented on the low disturbance state with the gradient from BMWP. The parameters of SAD models, log-normal distribution, γ, and geometric series, k, were additionally calculated and compared with the traditional community indices.

An Individual-Based Model (IBM) was developed by employing natural and toxic survival rates of individuals to elucidate the community responses of benthic macroinvertebrates to anthropogenic disturbance in the streams. Experimental models (doseresponse and relative sensitivity) and mathematical models (power law and negative exponential distribution) were applied to determinate the individual survival rates due to acute toxicity in stressful conditions. A power law was additionally used to present the natural survival rate. Life events, covering movement, exposure to contaminants, death and reproduction, were simulated in the IBM at the individual level in small (1 m) and short (1 week) scales to produce species abundance distributions (SADs) at the community level in large (5 km) and long (1~2 years) scales. Consequently, the SADs, such as geometric series, log-series, and log-normal distribution, were accordingly observed at severely (Biological Monitoring Working Party (BMWP⁄10), intermediately (BMWP⁄40) and weakly (BMWP›50) polluted sites. The results from a power law and negative exponential distribution were suitably fitted to the field data across the different levels of pollution, according to the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. The IBMs incorporating natural and toxic survival rates in individuals were useful for presenting community responses to disturbances and could be utilized as an integrative tool to elucidate community establishment processes in benthic macroinvertebrates in the streams.

본 연구는 송천 상류지역의 고랭지 농업으로 인한 토사유입이 저서성 대형무척추동물에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위하여 2006년부터 2009년에 걸쳐 실시되었다. 조사결과, pH, DO, EC, TDS, TN, TP는 하류로 갈수록 증가하는 경향을 보였으며, ORP는 감소하는 것으로 확인되었다. 특히 SS와 TP는 농경지 구간인 St. 2~St. 4에서 급격한 증가를 보였으며, 파종과 수확시기에 변화가 컸다. 저서성 대형무척추동물의 구성은 총 5문 6강 11

Benthic macroinvertebrates were collected with a Surber sampler in streams across different levels of pollution in Korea. Abundance data in different species were analyzed according to the models used in species abundance distribution (SAD), covering geometric series, log series and log normal model. Different patterns in SADs were observed according to the states pertaining to the sample sites. While the log normal patterns were broadly applied to the collected samples, the other models (e.g., geometric series) were selectively observed. The slopes of rank abundance also accordingly reflected the degree of pollution. Application of the theoretical models was additionally discussed in revealing the states of communities. Efficiency of SADs was proposed in community monitoring in response to stressful conditions in aquatic ecosystems.

본 조사에서는 경기도 경안천의 중류에 위치한 소형보를 철거한 이후에 변화된 저서성 대형무척추동물의 군집을 조사하였다. 조사는 보가 있었던 지점의 상류와 하류, 그리고 중류 (보의 자리)에서 보의 철거 후 4회 (2004년 11월, 2005년 5월, 2006년 1월, 그리고 2006년 5월)에 걸쳐 Surber sampler (50×50 cm, 망목 0.25 mm)로 정량채집을 하였다. 조사의 결과, 조사지역에서는 총 4문 5강 11목 27과