본 논문은 1980년대 여성시에 표현된 죽음에 대한 상상과 그 표현을 내용별로 분 류하여 고찰하였다. 1980년대는 중국에서 질적으로나 양적으로 여성시의 발전을 이 끈 첫 번째 시기로 중요한 의미를 지니며, 이때 여성시는 서구의 영향과 뚜렷한 성 별의식으로 다량의 우수한 시들이 나오기 시작한다. 죽음의 주제는 자신의 몸에서 시작해서 여성 특유의 생존 체험과 심층 의식을 표현해 주어 남성과는 다른 성별 특 징을 지니고 있다. 논문은 이러한 배경을 바탕으로 하여 1980년대 여성시에서 죽음 에 대한 상상을 첫째, 현실 고통에 대한 해탈로서의 상상, 둘째, 사랑에 대한 즐거움과 환희로서의 상상, 셋째, 종교적 표현과 문화적 저항으로서의 상상 등 세 가지 모 습으로 분류와 분석을 하였다. 그리고 죽음의 상상을 통하여 여성 시인의 독특한 신 체 경험과 문화적 경험, 여성 시인의 다양한 예술적 스타일을 탐구하였다. 본 논문을 통하여 죽음의 상상으로 쓴 여성시의 예술적 특징에 대한 보다 명확한 인식을 얻을 수 있을 것이며, 20세기 여성시의 정신적 함의와 문화적 의미에 대한 이해를 심화시 키는 데 도움을 줄 수 있기를 바란다.

이 연구에서는 중국인 이주여성의 배움 경험이 이주한 사회에의 적응만을 위함이 아니라 자기성찰을 위한 변화임을 알아보기 위해 질적 연구방법을 통해 탐구하였다. 이주민들 다수는 선주민에 비해 배움의 기회와 조건 등이 사회적으로 제한되어 있고 경제적으로도 취약한 경우가 많다. 그럼에도 불구하고, 배움 경험을 유지하는 이주여성들은 과연 무엇을 배우는지, 이런 배움이 자신들의 삶에 어떤 의미를 주는지, 이 경험들이 향후 미래에 어떤 쓰임새로 작용하기를 기대하는지 등을 확인해 보고자 하였다. 연구의 결과는 첫째, 이주여성들은 외형적 자격을 갖추기 위한 배움과 함께, 자신에 대해 알아가는 배움을 함께 진행하고 있었다. 둘째, 이주여성들은 다양한 배움 경험을 통해 개인의 역량과 상황인식능력을 향상시키며 삶의 태 도를 변화시키는 계기를 만들었다. 셋째, 이주여성들이 자기성찰을 통해 자기가치의 상승과 성장을 이루는 데 도움이 되었다. 나아가 다문화공동체에서 각자의 역할을 찾는 사회적 쓰임새로 확장되었다. 배움 경험 은 이주여성에게 자신을 재인식하는 기회가 되었으며 삶의 가치와 태도의 변화를 가져왔다. 향후 이주여 성들이 각자의 삶을 스스로 계획하고 발전시켜 나가는데 도움이 되는 다양한 평생학습 프로그램을 적극적 으로 개발할 필요가 있다.

This study aimed to develop processed foods that can be tailored to the tastes of consumers in countries to enter domestic and foreign markets utilizing fresh Korean pears, in which the consumption is decreasing. A survey was also conducted on three types of samples (pear jelly, pear rice cake, and pear muffin). As a result, both Korean and Chinese women aged in their 20s preferred pear muffins the most among the pear products evaluated. Pear jelly and rice cake were preferred by Chinese consumers because of their sweet taste (p<0.05). Pear rice cakes were preferred because of their texture (p<0.05). Pear muffins were not significant in all items except for odor/flavor and sweetness, but Korean consumers had a high preference for them and showed a significant preference for colors (p<0.05). Pear muffins were most familiar to both Korean and Chinese consumers showing a high willingness to purchase. An analysis of the preference inducement factors of consumers in each country of the three processed foods containing pears using Check-All-That-Reply (CATA) showed that the consumers of both countries preferred the ‘pear odor/flavor’ characteristics of pear jelly, and that pear rice cakes were preferred by Chinese consumers compared to Korean consumers. Pear muffins were preferred by Korean consumers. Overall, pear muffins are the product expected to be most suitable for female consumers in Korea and China aged in their 20s.

This study aims to examine the impact of endorser ethnicity and portrayal on consumers’ attitude toward luxury ad and brand. In addition, the moderating role of individual’s appearance self-esteem is examined. In the ads of luxury brands in China, it is common to have two types of endorser ethnicity (i.e., international vs. local) and two types of endorser portrayal (i.e., sexy vs. smart). Endorser ethnicity in an ad may influence consumers’ self-referencing behavior which refers to an individual’s tendency to encode communication information differently depending on the level on which the self is implicated in the information (Rogers et al., 1997). Asian consumers’ self-reference level is found to be higher when they are exposed to ads featuring an Asian model than a Western model (Martin et al., 2004). In other words, if an international luxury brand adopts a localization advertising strategy in China by using a Chinese endorser, the local consumers are more likely to generate a higher level of self-reference.

This study seeks to explore the relationship between clothing adaptation and acculturation for married Chinese immigrant women. In addition, it aims to analyze the differences in their clothing consumption behaviors according to acculturation level. To achieve these purposes, a quantitative research study was conducted on 291 wives of Korean-Chinese multicultural families in Seoul and Gyeonggi. The data was analyzed using factor analysis, cluster analysis, ANOVA, and the Duncun test. The findings were as follows. First, the women were divided into three groups based on their level of acculturation, which was defined as ‘assimilated’, ‘marginalized’ and ‘segregated’. Second, the relationship between their acculturation level and their clothing adaptation was identified. The marginalized group had the lowest level of clothing adaptation. Third, the groups’ differences in clothing selection criteria were analyzed. The segregated group considered the practical aspects (price, color, quality) of clothing to be more important than the other groups. The marginalized group scored the lowest in valuing the aesthetic factors (design, style, trendiness) of clothing. Finally, conformity of clothing consumption varied significantly based on acculturation level. The assimilated and marginalized groups showed higher levels conformity than did the segregated group. Clothing purchase location also varied significantly between the three groups. The assimilated and marginalized groups preferred online shopping, but members of the segregated group preferred to carry out their shopping off-line. This study showed that clothing adaptation and clothing consumption behaviors play key roles in understanding the acculturation of multicultural families.

The purpose of this study is to consider the design characteristics of Chinese traditional clothing, especially from the Ming-Qing Dynasty era, and how they have influenced contemporary fashion. Regarding research methods, this study determined the design characteristics, such as the form, color and pattern of Chinese traditional clothing of the Ming-Qing Dynasty era. In addition, 440 photos were collected from the Paris Collection from 2005 to 2014 using www.firstviewkorea.com. The results of this study are as follows. First, the most popular silhouette from Chinese traditional clothing appearing in contemporary fashion was the H-shaped one, and the internal lines appeared in the following order: Chinese collar; narrow sleeve; symmetrical front opening; round collar; wide sleeve; and the C-shaped Biwa front-end. Second, the most popular color was achromatic black, followed by white. The chromatic colors were in the order of blue, yellow, red, green, and purple. Third, the patterns appeared in the following order: Plant patterns, complex patterns, and animal patterns. The peony pattern appeared the most commonly as a plant pattern, followed by the arabesque pattern and the plum blossom pattern which appeared with a similar proportion. Dragon, bird and phoenix patterns appeared the most for animal patterns. It is considered that the results of this study will be helpful for designing products for Korean fashion brands that will advance to the Chinese market. In addition, it will help Chinese designers apply the Chinese-style design characteristics popular among people throughout the world when they advance to the West.

The purpose of this study is to survey the wearing and purchasing situation related to brassieres between Korean and Chinese women and to analyze the differences among them. This study utilized a survey targeting 397 women in their 20's in Korea and China. The results were as follows: First, Korean women considered that their breasts are conical in shape, whereas Chinese women considered their breasts to have a flat shape. With regard to breast size, those of Chinese women are larger than those of Korean women. Moreover, Chinese women expressed a high rate of dissatisfaction with their breasts. Second, regarding the wearing condition of brassieres, while Korean women expected their brassiere to converge their breasts to the center, Chinese women expected their brassiere to support the breasts. It was found that many of them were dissatisfied with the shoulder straps and the center front wire. Third, in the results pertaining to the purchasing brassieres, although both Korean and Chinese Women mainly visited brand name stores to buy brassieres, compared with Chinese women, Korean women prefer to shop at home to buy the brassieres. In addition, they considered the compensation effect, size, activity, fabric and fit as the most important selection criteria when purchasing a brassiere.

To determine the parameters to be considered when designing lower-body apparel, we analyzed the lower-body figures of adult women in their early 20s from Shanghai, China, using 3-dimensional whole body scanner. Thirty-nine lower-body-related measurements were used to analyze the figures of 210 Chinese women. Obesity and height of the lower body, length from waist to crotch, shape of abdomen, and leg bone length were analyzed. Factor analysis was performed and the results were classified into three clusters. The first cluster describes the obesity of the lower body, the second denotes small hip measurement, and the third describes slim and long legs. This is the first study to quantify figure analysis of the lower body of Chinese women using 3-dimensional body measurements. The findings of this study will provide concrete information regarding crotch width, crotch length, inseam, outseam, waist slope, etc., for designing trouser patterns for Chinese adult women.

This study was to examine the service and the product evaluation factors of Korean internet fashion shopping malls and to suggest marketing implications for Korean internet fashion shopping malls wanting to expand into the Chinese market. This study conducted a questionnaire survey for college female students in Qingdao, China, who have shopped at Korean internet shopping malls, and 310 surveys were used in the final analysis, frequency analysis, factorial analysis, and regression analysis. The results of the study were as follows. First, Most of the respondents answered that they found the Korean internet fashion shopping malls through the internet, and the most purchased item was outer clothing. Second, the system stability and web site structure excellence factors had a positive influence on the service satisfaction for the shopping mall 'S', while the system satisfaction, service efficiency, interactivity and web site structure excellence factors had positive influences on service satisfaction for the shopping mall 'P', and the system satisfaction, service efficiency, interactivity factors had positive influences on service satisfaction for the shopping mall 'N'. Third, examining the correlation between product satisfaction for the shopping mall 'S', 'P', and 'N' with fashion product evaluation factors showed that, design factors and quality excellence factors of the three shopping malls had positive influences on product satisfaction. The results of this research provide useful information in forming an efficient operating system and improving marketing strategies for internet fashion shopping malls planning to enter or having already entered the Chinese market.

한국이나 중국에서는 궁중비사(宮中秘事)를 제재로 만든 사극 드라마나 소설들이 사람들의 관심을 받아 흥행하고 있다. 이런 현상이 형성된 가장 중요한 원인은 이 작품들 궁중이라는 특별한 공간을 배경으로 하고 또한 등장인물들도 모두 실존했던 역사 인물들을 재창작해서 만들어냈기 때문이다.본고에서는 이렇게 주목을 받아온 궁중인물 중의 대표자인 선덕여왕과 무측천의 이미지가 문학 작품에서 어떻게 투영되어 있는지를 밝히고자 한다. 선덕여왕은 신라 최초의 여왕이고 당나라 때의 무측천은 중국 유일한 여황제이다. 이들의 파란만장한 삶이 다양한 장르의 문학 작품에 묘사된 바가 있다.지기삼사(知幾三事) 설화와 지귀 설화는 선덕여왕의 이야기를 담은 대표적인 설화이다. 이 설화들에는 선덕여왕의 긍정적인 이미지가 잘 묘사되어 있다. 선덕여왕은 비록 몸은 여자이지만 나라를 다스리는 데 남자 못지않은 능력과 기개가 있다. 뿐만 아니가 그의 덕목과 아름다움, 현명함, 신성성, 그리고 여자로서의 인간미까지 이 설화들을 통해 확연히 드러나고 있다. 선덕여왕에 대한 혹평은 주로 김부식의 ��삼국사기(三國史記)��와 김시습의 시 <善德王陵(선덕왕릉)>에서 찾을 수 있다.무측천은 한 나라의 최고 통치자이자 조예 깊은 문학가였다. 그의 <여의낭(如意娘)>에서는 부드러운 여심(女心)을 표출하였다. 그리고 <종가행사림사(從駕幸少林寺)>는 무측천의 한 인간으로서의 인간미와 부모의 자식으로서의 지극한 효심을 보여주었다. <납일선조행상원(臘日宣詔幸上苑)>은 무측천이 한 나라의 최고 권력을 가지고 있는 여황제로서 세상만물을 본인의 뜻에 복종시키려는 결단적인 기개를 묘사하였다. 측천의 인재에 대한 인애와 베풂의 마음은 당나라 우숙(牛肅)이 쓴 소설 <소무명(蘇無名)>에서도 잘 드러내었다. 무측천에 대한 부정적인 평가는 주로 명․ 청대 창작된 <여의군전(如意君傳)>, <재화선(載花船)>, <무측천외사(武則天外史)>, <당궁춘무측천(唐宮春武則天)>, <농정쾌사(濃情快史)> 등 소설을 통해 알 수 있다. 이들 작품에서는 무측천은 음탕한 여자로 등장하였다. <경화연(鏡花緣)>은 명․청대 창작된 무측천을 호의적으로 묘사하는 소수 작품 중의 하나이다.

Based on the construction of campus sports culture in colleges and universities, this article summarizes the importance of women's volleyball spirit in the construction of the college campus sports culture. Through the investigation of college students' awareness of women's volleyball spirit, sports motivation, and satisfaction with campus sports facilities, etc. , In-depth analysis of the current situation and existing problems of campus sports culture in colleges and universities, and put forward the necessity and specific development path of incorporating the spirit of women's volleyball into the construction of campus sports culture in colleges and universities. Sports spirit and sports material foundation are indispensable in the construction of the college campus sports culture. The two factors are indispensable. Only the perfect combination of women's volleyball spirit and campus sports can more effectively promote and promote the construction of campus sports culture in colleges and universities to develop better and faster.

본 연구는 아산시 다문화지원센터에서 입문기 한국어 과정을 수강하는 중국인 이주여성 학습자들을 대상으로 구글 이미지 검색방법 활용 기반 PWIM 어휘 교수-학습 사례 연구를 실시하고 이를 통해 이에 관한 교수-학습의 효용성을 논의한 시론적 연구이다. 본 연구는 첫째, 입문기 한국어 과정을 수강하는 중국인 이주여성 학습자 5명을 대상으로 총 4일간의 연구 수업을 실시하고 설문조사를 통해 이에 대한 반응과 활용도 등을 조사하였다. 둘째, 학습자들의 설문조사 결과를 바탕으로 어휘 교수-학습의 도구로서 시각적 이미지 검색 방 법의 활용 방법과 교수-학습의 효용성을 논의하였다. 그 연구 결과 본 연구에서 적용한 구 글 이미지 검색방법 활용 기반 PWIM 어휘 교수-학습 방법은 결혼 이주여성들의 자기주도 적 어휘 학습의 도구로 유용하게 활용될 수 있을 것이라는 결론을 제시하였다. 본 연구는 단 5명의 입문기 학습자들을 대상으로 한 단 4일 간의 제한적인 연구 대상으로 실시한 연 구 수업의 결과라는 점에서 연구의 결과를 일반화하기에는 한계가 있지만 이들을 대상으로 한 어휘 교수-학습 방법이 필요한 교육 환경에서 유용하게 활용될 것으로 기대한다.

Imperial Japan’s “comfort women” system was one of the major atrocities against humanity during the Asia-Pacific war (1931-1945), yet denial of this war crime remains steadfast in Japan today. This paper introduces and discusses the personal accounts of Korean and Chinese “comfort women” which hitherto were unavailable to English readers. It demonstrates, through the testimonies of the survivors and eyewitnesses, the close correlation between the proliferation of the military comfort stations and the progression of Japan’s aggressive war. The lived experiences of the “comfort women” reveal undeniably that the “comfort women” system was created for the war and made possible by the war. The survivors’ narratives highlight that in today’s world when sexual violence continues to be used as an instrument of armed conflicts that prevents societies from achieving sustainable peace, the comfort women’s memories constitute a legacy of global significance.