본 연구는 2007년도 국가산림자원조사 자료 중 충청남도 지역에서 조사된 주요 수종별 연년 직경생장량의 특성에 대하여 분석하고자 하였다. 2007년도 충남지역에서 조사된 고정표본점은 총 49개소이며, 직경생장량 조사를 위해 목편을 채취한 개체목으로 총 717본의 표준목이 측정되었다. 주요 수종들의 연년 직경생장량은 임령과 임분밀도가 증가함에 따라 감소하는 일반적인 경향을 보였다. 연년 직경생장량을 분석한 결과에 의하면, 산벚나무가 약 2.14㎜/yr로 연년 직경생장량이 가장 높았고, 그 다음은 졸참나무(2.10㎜/yr), 해송(2.03㎜/yr), 소나무(1.91㎜/yr), 그리고 밤나무(1.90㎜/yr) 순으로 나타났다. 이와 같은 정보는 충남지역에 분포하는 주요 수종의 연년 직경생장량 특성을 이해하는데 중요한 정보를 제공해 준다.

This study was conducted to explain degree of injury caused by P. panopealis larva which is the key component to develop economic injury level or control threshold in green perilla and was carried out in polyvinyl houses at Yuseong Daejeon, Geumsan and Yesan Chungnam from 2004 to 2006. Of 5 major pests in green perilla polyvinyl house, P. panopealis larva injured green perilla leaf by 48.5% on average under no insecticides application. The peak occurrence of P. panopealis adult was early August and late September in 2004 and 2005 studies. The feeding amount of P. panopealis larva among 1st to 3rd instar was not different, but from the 4th instar the feeding amount greatly increased and this result was consistent with daily feeding experiment in which the amount greatly increased from seventh day. The degree of injury which was investigated with different larval infestation levels showed that the degree of injury increased a little but was not different significantly as the density increased. The density of P. panopealis larva in damaged green perilla plant was less than three individuals/plant. This result indicates that P. panopealis adult lays egg on green perilla leaf dispersedly and larva hatched from egg injures only the leaf which egg is layed. These preliminary data seems to be very useful to design economic injury level and control threshold studies for P. panopealis in green perilla polyvinyl house.

Fortified foods are consumed widely in modem society according to increased concern on health oriented foods. This study investigated the patterns of vitamin-and/or mineral-fortified food use among 677 teenage students(13-18 years of age) in Chungnam province and Daejeon city in Korea using questionnaire. More than 63.7% of total subjects consumed more than one package of fortified foods belonged to more than three categories of five categories including sweets/biscuits, ramyons, beverages, milk and dairy products, and breads as a frequency of more than 1-2 times/week during previous three months prior to present survey. Consumption of fortified foods was higher in middle school students than in high school students(p<0.05), and in females than in females(p<0.001). Users of fortified foods took the snacks more often(p<0.001), and they tended to believe more positively that fortification can be helpful in health maintenance than did non-users. Users preferred vitamin C and Ca(calcium) as a fortified nutrient. Major fortified nutrients in fortified foods taken by users were various; vitamin B-complex and Ca from sweets/biscuits, Ca from ramyons, vitamin C and Ca from beverages, Ca and iron from milk and dairy products and breads. These results suggest that fortified foods are used commonly and are influenced by several factors among teenagers. Types of fortified nutrient, in fortified foods taken by subjects, are various and fortification is performed unspecifically. As a consequence both nutrition education and government regulation on fortified foods should be enforced to maximize the benefits and minimize the hazard of their use.

충남 일원에 분포하는 초염기성 암석과 이에 수반되는 각섬암, 편암, 편마암에 대해 탄성파 및 밀도가 실험실에서 측정되었다. 밀도측정 결과 사문암은 2.6∼2.86g/cm3, 활석은 2.25∼2.81g/cm3, 변성암류는 2.74∼3.07g/cm3의 범위를 갖는다. 이 결과 활석은 사문암으로부터의 변성과정으로 사문암 및 각섬암보다 넓은 범위를 보였다. P파와 S파의 속도는 사문암에서 각각 5719∼6062m/s, 2898∼3351m/s 이고, 활석에서 4019∼5478m/s, 2241/∼2976m/s, 각섬암에서 5375∼6372m/s, 3042∼3625m/s, 편암에서 5290∼5499m/s, 2968∼3137m/s, 편마암에서 4788m/s, 2804m/s를 보였다. P파의 속도는 밀도가 증가함에 따라 S파의 속도보다 1.47배 빠르게 증가하였다. 탄성파 속도와 밀도 사이에 비례관계가 성립하며, 특히 밀도에 따른 P파 속도 증가율이 S파 속도증가율보다 약 1.47배 크게 나타났다. 탄성파속도의 이방분석결과 편리와 직각 방향의 속도값이 평행방향의 값보다 높았는데, 특히 변성암이 더 큰 차이를 보이는바, 이는 변성암의 형성이 지체구조성 압력의 영향으로 인한 광역변성작용에 의한 것임을 시사한다. 압력의 변화에 따른 탄성파속도 변화분석 결과 대체로 압력이 20 MPa에서 70 MPa로 증가함에 따라 변성암의 탄성파속도 증가가 다른 암석에 비하여 크게 나타났다. 재계산된 탄성파속도는 각섬암이 이 지역 하부 지각에 대한 탄성파 특성을, 편마암류 및 편암은 상부지각 암석의 탄성파 특성을 지시한다고 생각된다. 한편 사문암의 측정치는 높은 사문암화 정도를 반영하기는 하지만 상부 맨틀의 암석에 대한 탄성파의 특성을 지시한다 볼 수 있다.

To survey the incidence of plant-parasitic nematodes, 187 soil samples from leguminous plant fields in Chungnam province, Korea were assessed from June to August 2018. As the result, four nematode genera ─ the cyst nematode (Heterodera spp.), root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne spp.), root-lesion nematode (Pratylenchus spp.), spiral nematode (Helicotylenchus spp.) ─ were detected. Among them, the incidence of cyst nematode was the highest in Taean (73%) and lowest in Hongseong (10%). The cyst nematode was detected from the adzuki and kidney bean fields as well as soybean fields. The incidence of cyst nematode in upland fields was higher than in paddy fields. In addition, the extracted cyst nematodes consisted of two species, which was identified as Heterodera glycines and H. sojae. The incidence of H. glycines (22%) was higher than H. sojae (10%), and a few of the fields (5%) was mixed with two cyst nematodes. This result suggested that we should consider that the cyst nematode is the major plantparasitic nematode when controlling the nematodes in soybean fields in Chungnam province.

The aim of this study is to suggest the quantitative standard of a marginal village. For the purpose, the study selected 43 villages with the population of 50 or less, the classification of a marginal village in accordance with advanced research and 47 villages with the population over 50 in Buyeo-gun region. The common reason of occurrence of a marginal village suggested by advanced research is a characteristic of a village or decline and extinction of a village rather than a simple index of population or aging rate. Therefore, the study assumed that decline of functions of the village would be caused by decline a function of communities consisting of the villagers. The study then assumed that the relatively low or 0 number or rate of participants would result in community functions. The study conducted t-test on basis of population and aging rate and an analysis to find the range with relatively large differences in the number of communities, participants and the rate of the participants, etc. The result showed that the community function began to decline when the population was less than 60~70 and the aging rate over 75%~85%. As the decline of functions of communities began in population of 70, the critical point was met when the population was 40 or less. With population of 40 or less, the young and the old group communities became extinct or showed rapid decrease in the number of participants. The study assumed that decline of functions of a village, a reason of occurrence of a marginal village would be decline of functions of communities, but there was no further analysis on decline or extinction of a village with population of 40 or less. There shall be further studies about whether a village of population of 40 or less is led to decline of a function or extinction of village communities.

The objective of this study was to investigate the perception of walking environment and use of neighborhood facilities of rural female elderly, who are the most susceptible to ambulatory problems. The study showed that parks, senior centers and hospitals were among the most frequently used neighborhood facilities by rural female elderly, while bus stations and senior centers were recognized as the closest facilities. Frequency of use was higher for paid sports facilities rather than parks. Hospitals and health centers were facilities that were desired to be in close proximity. Social support, self-efficacy, and attitude were the factors that affected walking environment. Street trees, accessibility to parks, and street lights were factors that showed a positive relationship with total time of walking activity while perceived crime rate and slopes were perceived as environmental challenges for groups that walked under 150 minutes per week. One factor that negatively affected walking was the lack of sidewalks on streets. Providing parks and walking trails within neighborhood, pleasant walking environments, and safe sidewalks would contribute to improved perception of neighborhood and walking of older rural women.

The composition of rural Green Village requires higher utilization of renewable energy in those selected rural villages. The purpose of this study is to select the best results of rural green villages when using photovoltaic power system(PV system). 10 different rural villages in Chubumyeon, Keumsan, Chungnam province, were selected as study villages. This study shows measured solar radiation data, a 20-year time series data, and GIS spatial analysis; and whose were used to predict the photovoltaic power generation. PV system is used as a form with capacity of 3kWp to use for personal and public houses. Generation data was calculated by the town, where the economics of the Green Village location analysis was performed; and the solar radiation's correction factor was calculated by the 20-year time series data and measured data by study villages. By applying to the data of DEM, slope and aspect of the study villages were found, therefore performed. Spatial analysis tools were performed by using solar radiation map's tools. Those data found were used to calculate the average needed energy every months. When used the properly calculated data, towns performed economical energy consumption in rural Green Village. Every study villages have showed very high potential for PV system. Sungdangri ranked at the first (7,401kWp/year), Jangdaeri follows behind to the second (7,203kWp/year) and Yogwangri at third (7,89kWp/year) which shows higher developed energy than other study villages. The areas covered of these three towns are as follows: Sungdangri at 33,300㎡, Jangdaeri covers 18,000㎡ and Yogwangri shows 46,800㎡. With these results, analyzing the potentials using GIS spatial analysis before installation of PV system was possible. Also different villages and topography in study villages have showed various results by the area. For convenience and to shorten research time, it is possible and enough to use solar radiation tools when studying spatial analysis of solar radiation.

This study aims at providing the basic information required for policies on return to countryside for farming or else, through analysing the actual state of settlement and the community of people returning to rural areas. The comparative analysis of people returning toward general village and sub-urban residential complex in rural has been done to figure out the settlement environment. And the status analysis targeting the people returning to rural areas and original residents who live in general village have been done to figure out the actual state of the community. As a result, people returning toward sub-urban residential complex in rural moved for something else, while people returning toward general village in rural moved with the purpose of farming. Like this, the aims of moving into rural areas show difference. There is little conflict between people returning to rural areas and original residents, but some people have an intention to move the other place due to the conflict with original residents. So the community revitalization is needed for the active responses and suitable adaptation of them. On the basis of this study, policy tasks for return to countryside for farming or else were suggested as follows; 1) It is necessary to formulate each policy on return for farming and something else to rural areas discriminatively. 2) The economic support for a stable settlement of people returning to rural areas and the programs activating community with original residents are required. The discussion about the new community formation is needed to respond to the increase of people returning to rural areas.

본 조사는 당진, 서산, 태안, 홍성, 보령, 서천 등 충남 도서지역의 관속식물 분포를 연구하기 위해 2010년 3월부터 11월까지 조사하였으며, 본 조사를 통해 확인된 조사지역 내의 소산 관속식물은 105과 326속 454종 4아종 45변종 9품종으로 총 512분류군으로 확인되었다. 조사지역내의 한국특산식물은 벌개미취, 키버들, 좀땅비싸리, 태안원추리, 새끼노루귀, 고광나무 등 총 6분류군으로 확인되었으며, 산림청지정 희귀 및 멸종위기 식물은 목련, 모감주나무, 먹넌출, 갯방풍 등 총 4분류군이 확인되었다. 식물구계학적 특정종은 I등급종은 50분류군, II등급종은 1분류군, III등급종은 11분류군, IV등급종은 4분류군, V등급종은 3분류군으로 총 69분류군이 확인되었다. 기후변화와 관련한 연구 결과에 의한 기준으로 보면 남방계가 14분류군, 북방계가 4분류군이 확인되었다. 귀화식물은 17과 46분류군으로 확인되었으며, 이는 조사된 전체 소산 식물목록 중 약 9.1%를 차지하고 있었다. 귀화식물은 군락을 형성하지 않은 상태로 주변 도서지역의 식생에 큰 영향을 주지 못하는 것으로 확인되었다. 하지만, 도서지역 간에 정기적으로 여객선이 오가며 관광객이 증가함에 따라 종수가 증가하고, 주변 도서지역에 많은 영향을 미칠 것으로 사료된다.

With the cognition of the problems on propulsion system of rural development program, the requirement for accurate diagnosis of the problems and for reform scheme is increasing. This study was performed to solve the above requirement especially on the level of a local government, Chungnam province as an instance. For accurate diagnosis of the problems, the present situation of propulsion system, i.e. organization and governance, planning and policy making, implementation and supervision of rural development program was investigated, and the cognition of public officials and specialists was surveyed. From the study, it showed that the problems of propulsion system for rural development program in Chungnam province are duplication of work sphere among departments, formal administration of governance, an absence of long-term plan with vision and strategy, and absence of department in charge of comprehensive supervision and so on. As a result of the study 9 reform schemes to solve the problems were suggested.

This study aims at examining the characteristics of preferring scenery of land for protected cultivation before the system of Good Agricultural Practices(GAP) is enforced in 2006. The site of this study is limited within the area of Chungnam Province and a strawberry, one of representative crops of Chungnam area, was selected as an object of the study to examine the preferences and its factors. The results are as follows. First, the analysis of the landscape characteristics of 30 cases shows that 'Familiarity' is the highest mean of 3.13 and 'Peculiarity' is the lowest. This means that the greenhouse farming landscape of strawberry is recognized with a familiar landscape. Second, in the analysis of landscape characteristics classified by areas, Sungdong area is evaluated the highest on the item of 'Naturalness' and Hongsan is the highest on 'Peculiarity' and 'Complexity'.Third, the result of regression analysis, set on 'Preference' as a dependent variable, shows that the factor which has an important effect upon 'Preference' is 'Cleanness' and the next is 'Harmony', 'Naturalness' and 'Familarity' in order. These results show that in perceiving cultivated landscape, people prefer landscape which is well managed by farmers and which is not polluted and hence, these will be very suggestive in the selection of GAP farming land.

16-17세기 朝鮮은 정치나 학술의 측면만이 아니라 敎育制度 상으로도 새로운 변화가 나타나는 시기이다. 15세기말 전후까지 朝鮮은 官學敎育을 강화하는 데에 많은 노력을 기울였고, 그 결과 成宗 대까지 각 府, 牧, 郡, 縣 마다 鄕校가 건립되기에 이르렀다. 그러나 16세기 중반부터 관학의 보완이자 대안인 書院이 등장하기 시작하면서 이전의 교육제도에 일정한 변화가 나타나기 시작하였다. 본 고는 교육시스템을 중심으로 한 巨視的인 觀點에서 이 시기의 변화 양상과 그 의미를 살펴보려는 시도이다. 이를 위해 조선 전기의 교육체제를 구성하는 한 중요한 요소로서 敎育中心圈域에 주목하였다. 교육중심권역이란 都會라는 제도를 통하여 연결되어 있는 각 지역의 중심향교와 인근 향교의 권역을 말한다. 忠南地域의 변화 양상을 분석한 결과, 이 지역은 15세기부터 16세기 전반까지 公州牧과 洪州牧 등 2개의 중심향교를 중심으로 교육권역이 형성되었으나, 16세기 후반부터 공주목 동부(孔巖 및 儒城地域)와 동남부(連山地域)에 새로운 교육중심지가 부상하기 시작하여, 17세기에는 기존의 교육중심권역이 거의 무력화되고, 동부 및 남동부지역으로 교육중심권역이 재편되어 갔다는 점을 확인하였다. 그리고 이러한 변화는 단지 敎育圈域의 變化만이 아니라, 관학교육체제가 지향하는 敎育機會 擴大의 公的 原理가 後退하는 결과를 의미한다고 보았다.

This paper is aimed at investigating environmental indicators and needs based on residents' perception at Seosan city, Chungnam province. The results can be summarized as follows ; 1) On the average, the environmental level perceived by residents at Seosan city lies somewhat above the middle one, three points. 2) The perceived environmental level in rural areas is hither than that in urban and suburban ones, 3) There is a difference in residents'environmental needs between rural and urban areas. 4) It is proposed that a long-term and systematic environmental planning for Seosan city should be established to improve the environmental level.