In recent years, the trend of customer demand and personalization has become more and more obvious. The previous innovation model can no longer meet the diversified needs of consumers. Therefore, firms vigorously develop open innovation to promote internal and external innovation (von Hippel, 1988). With the rapid development of AI technology, open innovation communities have more interactions with the users. Organizations continue to rely on their open innovation community to collect innovative ideas from non-professional customers and then integrate them into their new product development process to produce innovative products that are more in line with customer preferences (Bayus, 2013). At present, the research on user design focuses on how to increase user design implementation and the idea popularity (Yang et al., 2022; Zhang et al., 2022). Few studies discussed how to motivate consumers to participate in innovative content output from the source. In addition, academic research on user design is mostly limited to management comments, lacking in-depth empirical research (Franke et al. 2008). Previous studies have proved that the number of leading users in the open innovation community is far less than that of non-leading users (Hofstetter et al., 2018), so it is very necessary to improve the willingness of users to participate in community creative activities. With the vigorous development of the new technology, it is an urgent problem to be solved to encourage users to participate in innovation activities and improve the innovation performance of firms (Chesbrough, 2012). Today, firms pay more and more attention on the implementation of AI technology. With AI and user design as the research background, “AI recommendation” and “willingness to design” as the key variables, and the “S-O-R model” and “Self-determination Theory” as the basis, this paper deeply explores whether AI recommendation can be used as a factor affecting user’s participation in design activities from the perspective of users, focusing on the intermediary role of user’s inspiration, competency and self-expression. It also puts forward that product involvement and aesthetic experience openness (Donghwy and Youn, 2018) are the boundary conditions that affect user’s willingness to participate in design. The results show that user’s willingness to participate in design is higher when providing AI recommedation, and the sense of inspiration, competence and self-expression play a mediating role in it. Furthermore, the results show that when product involvement is high, users are more willing to participate in design. Similarly, users with a high degree of aesthetic experience openness are more willing to participate in design activities. This study enriches the theory of enterprise community management, promote the internal information flow of the open innovation community, and provide theoretical guidance and reference for firms to optimize the new product design process.

Yesan-gun was selected to receive a “Village Community Garden Project” in 2018 to foster a sense of community and improve the urban landscape by working with neighbors to create a happy living space for residents. Yesan-gun selected Sapti Park, located in Yesan-eup, as the project site. The project was carried out through the design charrette method (an intense period of collaborative creativity) to allow residents to propose and design park concepts themselves for the community garden construction project to ensure that that the park facilities would provide something for everyone to enjoy. This study followed the actual design project that actively introduced the design charrette in planning the community garden, describing the entire design process from planning to construction and revealing how the opinions of residents were projected onto the design drawings. The purpose of the project was to advance user-participation design methods by reviewing the progress of the design charrette process and to examine how storytelling, the act of conveying ideas through a fun and persuasive story, transformed the plans for the community garden.

미국 북동부 뉴욕주에 위치한 이타카시 남쪽, 범람지대에 위치한 Southwest 지역은 저소득층 가족을 대상으로 한 복합 커뮤니티로 개발 계획 중인 공휴지이다. 이 지역은 이타카시에 위치한 Cayuga 호로 흘러드는 여러 갈래의 천을 따라 오랜 시간 걸쳐 진행된 지질학적 풍화 및 침식 작용에 의한 침적으로 생성된 삼각지이며 지하수위가 높아 범람이 잦은 곳이다. 해당지역의 매립을 통한 침수 방지 대책도 강구되었다. 하지만 지속된 매립활동에 따른 폐해로 해당 지역 토질구조가 파괴되어 자연배수가 불가능한 습지가 조성되어 Southwest 지역은 주민들에게 외면 받는 장소가 되었다. 이로 인해 Ithaca 시내에 위치한 얼마 남지 않은 시민들을 위한 커뮤니티 시설 개발에 적합한 유휴지임에도 불구하고 불법 쓰레기 투기 및 산업시설, 월마트와 같은 시민들이 요구와 동떨어진 모습의 개발이 있어왔다. 저소득 가정을 위한 주택 수요가 꾸준히 증가하고 있는 Ithaca시에 있어, Southwest 지역은 시민들에게 안락한 커뮤니 티를 제공해 줌과 동시에 주변지역의 생활여건도 개선시킬 수 있는 가능성을 지닌 곳이다. 본 논문은 Ithaca 시의 마지막 남은 개발가능한 Southwest 지역에 대한 정확한 분석과 이해를 통해 지역 주민들이 필요로 하는 활기차고 살기 좋은 커뮤니티 개발을 위한 대안을 제시하고자 한다. 이를 위해 본 논문은 대상지 주변 단절된 도심 조직과 오픈스페이스들을 다시 연결하고, 레크리에이션 시설과 주거시설 및 기타 커뮤니티 시설을 조화롭게 조성해 줌으로서 오랜 시간 주민들로부터 외면 받던 대상지가 주민들을 위한 새로운 기회의 장소로서, 또한 주변 지역 경제 활성화에 기여할 수 있는 방안을 모색하고자 한다.

Web 2.0 communities are providing new opportunities for teachers’ professional development by supporting more flexible sharing, communicating, and collaborating among teachers at a distance. Meanwhile, literature concerning teachers’ professional development increasingly places value on communities of practice and web-based learning communities. This paper presents a case study on the design of teacher training supported by a Web 2.0 community. The training program discussed in the paper is characterized by employing peer-coaching to facilitate teachers’ learning in a Web 2.0 community, and is a part of a project funded by the Ford Foundation. The paper gives a brief introduction to the training program, and reports some important findings and reflections on design and practice for in-service teacher training. It includes the theoretical framework design, a training model as well as activity design, and the implementation and evaluation of the training program and useful experiences. Initially, taking account school teachers’ needs at the K12 level for curriculum reform and quality education, theory, knowledge and practice competences for learner-centered instruction were examined by using peer-coaching methods supported by online communities. The suggested training program was delivered in two Chinese districts in August 2009: Tianhe district of Guangzhou, and Wuhou district of Chengdu. More than 120 participants, including subject teachers, school principals and local teaching researchers, took part in the f2f training, online activities and the further practice activities. Even still on-going, the comprehensive investigation and evaluation of the training program explains that the initial results and observations collected during the process of training are very positive. With cause for optimism as to the prospect of achieving the training program’s goals, the study has demonstrated that a task-driven approach and peer-coaching supported by a web 2.0 community are effective methods for in-service teacher training, and that peer-coaching can be greatly extended by out-of-school activities.

오늘날 산업디자인 영역은 확장되고 있으며, 대량생산과 합리적인 가격을 통한 소비의 민주화가 실현되고 있는 상황이다. 반면에 상품들의 사용주기는 짧아지고 있으며 그로부터 다양한 문제들이 발생되고 있다. 그 이유는 지금까지 산업사회에서는 디자인을 단순히 기능이 내재된 사물 또는 유용성이 전제된 실체로서 그 성격을 규정하려는 편향적 시각이 존재하고 있었기 때문이다. 또한 사물과 함께하는 일상미학과 디자인에 내재된 예술적 가치를 인식하지 못하고 있었던 것 또한 사실이다. 따라서 21세기 디자인의 예술적 지위를 확인하고 조형세계가 추구해야할 새로운 가치가 무엇인지에 대한 고민이 시작 되어야 할 시점에 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 단토의 예술철학적 사유에 근거하여 디자인과 예술의 관계를 고찰하고 디자인이 예술계의 일원으로서 자격을 부여받기 위한 근거에 대하여 논하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 제 2단원에서는 단토가 주장하였던, 서사개념, 이유담론, 예술계에 대한 정의를 파악하고 제 3단원에서는 서사적, 이유 담론적 그리고 예술계 차원에서의 디자인을 고찰하였다. 이를 통해 디자인이 예술계의 일원임을 입증하고 앞으로 추구해야할 방향을 확인하고자 하였다.

본고는 공공벽화의 문제점으로 거주민들의 참여와 소통, 그리고 그들의 희망이 적절하게 반영되지 못하고 있다는 점에 주목했다. 이를 해결하기 위해 선행연구에서 도출된 F모델(Flexible 3D Model)을 활용해 커뮤니티 아트 지향의 공공벽화 디자인패턴 개발과정을 체계화한 다음, 그 유용성을 검토한 것이다. 연구는 커뮤니티 아트와 공공벽화에 대한 이론적 고찰, F모델을 응용해 주민들의 디자인 참여와 소통을 활성화할 수 있는 디자인패턴 개발 프로세스로의 형식화, 학생들을 대상으로 한 디자인워크숍과 설문조사 등의 방법을 통해 이루어졌다. 워크숍 결과 확인할 수 있는 것은 디자인패턴 개발과정 자체를 재미있어한다는 점과 참가자들 간에 대화와 소통을 촉진시키면서 상호 이해와 공감의 폭을 넓힐 수 있도록 한다는 점 그리고 다양하고 흥미로운 결과물이 만들어짐으로써 사람들에게 만족감을 제공한다는 점 등으로 요약된다. 이러한 점들을 감안하면 커뮤니티 아트의 특징이라고 할 수 있는 관계, 참여, 과정, 공유의 예술로써의 속성을 내포하고 있다고 할 수 있으며, 때문에 커뮤니티 아트 지향의 공공벽화 제작을 위한 디자인수법으로 유용할 것으로 사료된다. 이상의 결과를 토대로 공공벽화 디자인과정, 특히 아이디어 스케치 단계에서 주민들의 의사와 정서를 적절히 반영할 수 있는 수법으로 디자인템플릿을 활용한 디자인패턴 개발 프로세스를 제안하고자 한다. 향후, 도시의 문화적 재생과 관련해 실제 적용대상을 발굴, 실체화하는 후속연구를 통해 실용적 방법론으로 발전시켜 가고자 한다.

오늘날, 비게임 분야에서 게임적인 사고와 요소를 적용하여 사람들의 흥미를 끌거나 재미를제공하는 게이미피케이션 기법이 큰 이슈가 되고 있다. 이에 따라 본 연구는 온라인 멘토링과게이미피케이션을 결합한 창조경제타운의 ‘아이디어 커뮤니티’ 사례를 분석하였다. 아이디어의육성 및 선정을 위해 회원들을 대상으로 공개 모의투자 및 멘토링을 진행하였고, 이 과정에서특정한 활동을 할 때마다 경험치를 획득하여 레벨을 높일 수 있었다. 그리고 회원들은 자신이수행한 활동에 대한 내·외적 보상을 받아 성취감을 느낄 수 있었다. 본 연구의 결과는 다양한분야에서 게이미피케이션을 적용하는데 중요한 참고자료가 될 것이다.

The objective of the study is to establish principles of space planning required to create community gardens for improving self-support capability of vulnerable groups. The characteristics of community garden users and the purposes of community gardens were considered when setting these principles. The target users are vulnerable groups. In considering the circumstance of the homeless who have difficulties in overcoming physical, mental, social and financial risks, 13 universal design principles were applied: Equitable use, flexibility in use, simple and intuitive use, perceptible information, tolerance for error, low physical effort, size and space for approach and use, self-supporting, aesthetics, economic feasibility, environment friendly, healthiness, and sustainability. As the space planning principles based on the community garden purposes are set to achieve mental, social and financial self-support, healing garden and urban agriculture were combined in the principles. Maximally efficient division of space where various programs are available, privacy-protected space, rest areas for strengthening resilience and health, pleasant and beautiful spaces with plants, easily accessible and safe space, and easy maintenance and sustainability are required factors for community gardens. As the ultimate goal, financial self-support, a space where they can develop acquired skills and then proceed with productive activities was included in the space planning principles. Additionally, ecological aspects such as cycle of materials, efficient energy use and expanded biodiversity were combined and supported by local communities to secure sustainability of the use of space.

The study aims to examine preferences between community residents and visitors in designing a rural community garden. It analyzed diverse aspects of a garden design including garden’s function, location, management subject, components and so on. The survey was conducted on residents or visitors participants with a self-administered survey questionnaire. The results revealed that both residents and visitors highly preferred a rural community garden as a role of relaxation, appreciation, and healing. Meanwhile, there were differences of preference for location and garden components between residents and visitors. The results implicated that residents’ preference and characteristics of a community are essential in designing a rural community garden, which will lead to sustainable garden construction.

As rural development projects, mostly carried out in a top-down development method in the past came to take a bottom-up development method in earnest, entering the 2000s, resident participation became an essential element of a rural community design project, to the extent that it can influence the success or failure of a rural community design project. It is taken for granted that rural residents independently participate in community design projects, but as they are accustomed to various subsidy projects carried out by the government and become increasingly aging, it is not easy to induce their spontaneous participation in farming areas with such problems. Especially, to prevent the distrust between administrative agencies and residents from serving as an obstacle in the residents' spontaneous participation, it is necessary to construct horizontal governance among the village residents, administrative agencies and the group of experts supporting for the project. This study attempted to verify the mediating effect of governance in the relationship between resident participation and the performance of the rural community design project based on this problem recognition, and for this purpose, the results of a survey with residents in Utturu Village, Hangyeong-myeon, Jeju-si, which was completed by carrying out a comprehensive rural development project, the typical bottom-up community design project was used for an empirical analysis. The results of the study can provide implications for setting directions, establishing strategies and constructing governance of rural community design projects in the future, and especially, it can be said that this study has academic significance in that governance is recognized as an important variable related to the project performance.

This research aims to find processes for developing the design language for the visual notes and design meaning of street furnitures. The result of this study are as follows. 1) The design language implies to get how to represent condensed symbols of the street furnitures. 2) The configuration of the street furnitures has their visual note and design meaning of community identity, represented their own detail design languages. 3) The detail design languages are useful to solve the matters of what design elements of the street furnitures can be composed of the visual notes and design meaning. 4) The detail design languages can be applied to the pattern of tools of Microsoft Office Word.

광덕산에 자생하고 있는 쥐다래는 잎이 개화기에 분홍색으로 변하는 등 높은 관상가치를 지니고 있다. 이를 조경원예수종으로 개발하기 위하여 생태적 특성을 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다.1. 광덕산 서식지의 해발표고는 최저 679m에서 최고1014m까지 분포하였고, 기상온도는 일년 중 최저기온이 -23.3℃, 최고 기온이 28.7℃로서 서울의 기온보다 각각 9.2℃와 6.0℃가 낮았다.2. 유기물 함량은 1.5~5.4%, 유효인산 함량은 16~ 49mg/kg, 토양산도는 5.2~6.0 범위였다. 3. 광덕산 쥐다래 서식지의 식생은 총 50과 99속 113종 17변종 이었다.4. 쥐다래 서식지는 임도주변 수광률이 높은 곳에 서식하고 있는데 목본은 산뽕나무, 물푸레나무, 당단풍나무가 우점하고 있으며 초본류는 내음성이 높은 넓은잎외잎쑥과 대사초, 큰개별꽃의 피복률이 상대적으로 높았다.

Less Favored Area(LFA) is a newly shaped regional concept and just appearing as a new community design target, where the topogeographical, industry-locational condition and the daily living environment have been outstandingly inferior to any other regions. Community Design(CD) principles that cover a spatial order of settlements are introduced in this study when the CD concept is applied to the LFA. The study puts a great stress on the horizontal and vertical order of communal spatial units and living activities oriented to residents'socio-economic activities, on which a CD district and an inner spatial organization of community is based. Therefore the various relationships between residents' activities and particular places, such as that between agricultural production and land, access to living services and community-outer settlements, is analysed through the field study. The emphatic point is that the spatial unit and organization of community, namely settlement order is casted not only by the horizontal coverage but also by the vertical hierarchy forming a cubic-like spatial order. Applying the CD idea to LFA has limit because the CD has been oriented on urban architectural style and community participation process. Nevertheless, that has a new possibility to understand the fundamental and archetypical change of a spatial pattern of community uncovering the accumulated layer of settlement order especially in the drastically changed mountain community from past to now.