This study measures the relationship between labor productivity and national competitiveness. Through the shift- share analysis method, the paper has separated labor productivity into three factors: static shift effect, dynamic shift effect and endogeneous effect. Next, in combination with the Granger causality test, the paper examines the relationship between the factors constituting labor productivity and competitiveness during the period from 2005 to 2017. Research data is collected from General Statistics Office and annual global competitiveness reports. The results show that the interaction between labor productivity with global competitiveness index (GCI) in Vietnam has similar variation. Nevertheless, when separating labor productivity into three effects, this relationship shows more clearly that the impact of labor productivity on GCI scores is mainly caused by endogeneous effect, not by static shift effect or dynamic shift effect. Therefore, in order to improve its competitiveness, Vietnam should focus on a number of solutions: reforming the education system towards developing thinking capacity and creative capacity; fostering industrial manners to create dynamic and flexible workers; building the State with sufficient capacity to implement consistent and transparent policies; formulating policies to attract all economic sectors so that they actively participate in the field of human resource training for the country.

Tourism is considered one of the key economic sectors in Vietnam as it helps to promote the economic development, increase foreign exchange earnings, create jobs, and improve the living standards of local people. So, this study aims to identify factors affecting the competitiveness of Soc Trang ecotourism associated with Khmer culture based on a combination of qualitative and quantitative research methods. Qualitative research was conducted through focus group discussions with experts, and quantitative research was conducted through direct interviews with visitors at ecotourism sites in Soc Trang province. The study involves questionnaire surveys and multivariate data analysis methods (Cronbach’s Alpha test, EFA, CFA, SEM). Research results from 350 respondents demonstrate that all factors have a positive impact on the competitiveness of ecotourism associated with Khmer culture in Soc Trang province. It shows that the competitiveness of ecotourism associated with Khmer culture is influenced by five factors, including: (1) religious ritual customs of the Khmer people; (2) ecotourism infrastructure; (3) traditional festival activities of Khmer people; (4) culinary culture of Khmer people; and (5) folk ritual customs of the Khmer people. From these findings, the study offers some managerial implications to improve the competitiveness of Soc Trang ecotourism associated with Khmer culture.

Every port is competing for attracting loyal customers from other ports to achieve more profits stably. This paper proposes a data-mining scheme to facilitate this process. For resolving the problem, the OD (Origination-Destination) data are gathered from the AIS (Automatic Identification System) data. The OD data are clustered according to the arrival dates and ports. The FP-growth algorithm is applied to mine the frequent patterns of ships arriving at ports. Maintaining a loyal customer list for port updates and accuracy is critical in establishing its usefulness. These lists are critical as they can be used to provide suggestions for new products and services to loyal customers. Finally, based on the frequent patterns of the ships and the mode of arrival times, a formula proposed in this paper to derive shipping companies’ loyalty to ports was applied. The case of Kaohsiung port was shown as an example of our algorithm, and the OD data of ships in 2017-2018 were processed. Using the results of our algorithm, other rival ports, such as Shanghai or Busan, may attract customers no longer loyal to Kaohsiung ports in the last two years and attract them as new loyal customers.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is for the leading sector, a pattern of shifting structure of the economic sector, and community export competitiveness on the economy Malinau Regency. Research design, data, and methodology: The type of data used is secondary data with a quantitative approach of 2009-2018. The study data used Location Quotient (LQ), Shift Share Analysis (SSA), and Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) analysis tools. Results: There are 6 leading sectors: agriculture; electricity, gas, and clean water; building and construction; trade, hotels, and restaurants. That has been classified has changed the economic structure of the Malinau Regency from the secondary sector to the tertiary and primary sectors in 10 years. While, community export competitiveness of the Malinau Regency through RCA Analysis, see if the export products of coal and excavation (types A, B, C) are shown to have a higher comparative advantage with comparative advantage. This shows that only a few commodities that can provide the good performance of export. Conclusions: Analysis of economic growth in the Malinau Regency after regional autonomy shows that there has been a shift in the economic structure of the economy which is dominated by the structure of the primary sector.

Economic integration is an indispensable trend in all countries. However, besides the advantages that economic integration brings, there are also disadvantages, such as competition between businesses among states in export activities. Vietnam is a developing country with many advantages, especially, the seafood exporting industry. However, with competitive pressure as well as strategic constraints, Vietnamese seafood exporters still face many difficulties. Therefore, the case study of the Kien Giang province of Vietnam is used to analyze the factors affecting the competitiveness of seafood exporting enterprises. The study applied quantitative research methods with a survey of 350 seafood exporting enterprises in Kien Giang province to achieve the research objectives. The research results identified eleven key factors affecting the competitiveness of seafood exporting enterprises, including (1) vision and strategy of leader; (2) human resources management capability; (3) organization capability; (4) customer-responsive marketing capability; (5) relationship management capability; (6) technical capability; (7) competitors reaction capability; (8) business environment adoption capability; (9) financial capability; (10) products and services innovation capability; and (11) branding management. The research results provided the basis to propose some managerial implications to improve the competitiveness of exporting enterprises in the context of the global economic integration.

This study analyzes the degree of competition in the oil refinery market in Korea, which is considered an oligopoly market. The price of gasoline and diesel and the quantity of supply are used to identify the market competition. We also analyze whether the oil tax reduction policy has affected market competition. The competitiveness of the market was examined using monthly data from 2008 to 2019. Bresnahan- Lau method was employed to estimate the degree of competition in the oil refinery market, which is frequently used in the industrial studies. The analysis shows that the gasoline and diesel markets seem close to a perfect competitive market. Also, the tax cut has weakened market competition. In other words, the monopolistic power has increased in the market, so consumers have not benefit from the price cuts as much as tax cuts. Although the oil refinery market where four major companies are competing, the government’s monitoring and price disclosure system help the market to be highly competitive as much as a perfect competition market. The tax cut, in the high oil price era, has a negative effect on the competition because of an information asymmetry about the price-setting process between suppliers and consumers.

현대 소비자들은 수많은 브랜드와 제품 구매에 있어서 정보 활용이 매우 빠르며, 자신의 욕구와 공감대가 형성된 개인 성향 표현이 일치되는 브랜드에 선호하는 경향이 있다. 특히, 소비성향의 주축인 밀레니얼 세대를 중심으로 현 시대의 문화와 흐름에 맞춰 기업에서는 브랜드 패키지에 있어 기존과 다른 방식의 퍼스널 전략으로 이어지고 있다. 이러한 흐름에 따라 본 연구에서는 롱런 브랜드 경쟁력 강화를 위한 밀레니얼 세대의 니즈에 필요한 디자인 전략을 연구하고자 한다. 연구방법은 밀레니얼 세대가 중요하게 인식하는 요인중 건강이나 피부미용에 관련한 제품으로 비타민 복용자들이 늘어나고 있으므로 비타민 제품에 따른 브랜드 패키지 전략을 세우고자 한다. 이에 따라 비타민 브랜드인 레모나 제품의 브랜드 히스토리 분석을 통하여 밀레니얼 세대에 맞는 패키지 디자인 전략을 연구한다. 이러한 연구결과로 자사 브랜드 및 제품의 경쟁력 강화를 위한 마케팅 전략 수립에 있어 패키지 디자인 제안에 대한 기초 연구 자료로 활용하는데 도움이 될 것이다.

Purpose - The IT convergence industry, which is the subject of this study, is the main strategy field during the 4th industrial revolution era. Against this background, it is urgent to establish policy measures to survive and spread export products in the global industries. Research, design, data and methodology - In order to achieve this goal, we conducted the Importance - Performance Analysis (IPA) and found that it is necessary to develop tailor - made marketing support for small and medium sized IT exporters and to develop export strategy products with competitive technologies. Results - Above all, customized marketing support for IT export-related SMEs was needed. Next, in the first quadrant, strategic products, qualitative level, global, value added, and information systems were included, and it was found that 'development of export strategic products with competitive technologies' was necessary. In the third quadrant, related variables calculated at present time are not urgent variables. Conclusions - In this study, it would be necessary to calculate the additional implications of the variables that are not considered in this study, including future studies, because the methods considered here as analysis variables are carried out in comparison with the previous studies.

Purpose - In order to improve the comprehensive competitiveness of cultural tourism creative industries in the region, different grade cities should adapt to local conditions and differentiated development as the angle. It can promote the optimization of regional tourism industry structure, and make relevant suggestions accordingly. Research design, data, and methodology - Based on the characteristics of cultural tourism creative industry, 24 indicators are selected from four aspects. The comprehensive competitiveness evaluation index system of cultural tourism creative industry is constructed. The essay use factor analysis to quantitatively evaluate 27 cities in the Pan-Yangtze River Delta, and use cluster analysis to classify the competitiveness of cultural tourism creative industries in each city into five types. Results - The results of cluster analysis show that the whole area presents five kinds of step-like features, which are mature leading type, the advantageous development type, comparatively advantageous type, well-grounded type and difference-promotion type. Conclusions - The factor analysis method was used to quantitatively evaluate 27 cities in the Pan-Yangtze River Delta, and cluster analysis was used to classify the cultural tourism creative industry competitiveness of each city into fives type city. Based on the differentiation of cultural tourism creative industry competitiveness and 27 cities in the Pan-Yangtze River Delta, the relevant strategies were proposed.

서비스 산업이 중심을 이루던 도시 산업 전반이 서비스 포화로 인한 저성장 시대로 진입하면서 도심을 중심으로 소규모 제조업체를 운영하는 도시형 소공인 제조 산업이 도시 산업 재생의 신성장 동력으로 주목받고 있다. 미국, 독일, 일본 등 선진국은 물론 빠른 속도로 산업 전반의 성장을 거듭하고 있는 중국 역시 4차 산업 혁명 시대를 맞아 제조업과 AI, ICBM(사물인터넷, 클라우드 컴퓨팅, 빅데이터, 모바일) 기반의 지능정보기술의 결합을 시도하며 이를 핵심으로 하는 도시제조업 중심의 제조업 재흥전략을 추진하고 있다. 이와 같은 세계적인 기류와는 달리 서울과 경기 지역을 중심으로 하는 한국의 도시제조업은 자금, 공간, 인프라, 인력, 기술 및 지식 고도화 부족 등으로 인해 4차 산업 혁명 대응 역량이 낮아 도시 산업 재흥의 성장 동력이 되기에는 총체적인 난제를 가지고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 중앙 및 지방정부, 유관 공공기관들의 서울시 도시제조업 지원 정책사례와 해외 사례 연구의 프로토콜 분석 및 고찰을 통해 기존 정책의 문제점과 원인을 살펴보고, 제조와 유통을 연결하는 통합 플랫폼 구축 및 이를 위한 도시형 소공인 협동조합 구성 등을 기반으로 한 체계적인 도시제조업 지원정책의 필요성과 방향성을 제언하였다.

Container port is one of the most vital link of the transportation chain that plays an important role in trading with other countries. Having a proper understanding of port operations could change the role of the port from a transportation node to an efficient point in a transportation chain. Development of transportation chains, logistics and progress of these networks have enhanced the sustainable condition and level of transportation. Therefore, evaluating the competitiveness of ports is obligatory for port users to make a decision in investment or exploitation. This paper introduces the use of Fuzzy C-means and TOPSIS for competitiveness comparison among a sample of container terminals in Korea and China and determine how to improve Korean port competitiveness and particularly in Busan port.

Purpose – With the technology of the 4th industrial revolution, business models of agricultural sector are changing rapidly toward convergence and high value-added business models due to the 6th industrialization of agricultural. Our goals is to examine the 6th industrialization of agriculture, and then to apply the technology of the 4th industrial revolution to the 6th industrialization of agriculture, suggesting the possibility of future agriculture, and then linking the export competitiveness of agricultural products. Research design, data, and methodology – As the methodology, case studies and empirical analyzes were conducted as well as literature studies. The case analyses included tomatoes, pig breeding farms, and an empirical analysis was conducted using the AHP analysis by experts of the 6th industrialization. In addition, using 124 survey data, this study examined and analyzed the items of the 4th industrial revolution technology for the 6th industrialization of agriculture and the strengthening of export competitiveness. Results - Results showed that the technology of the 4th Industrial Revolution helped "6th industrialization of agriculture" and "the strengthening of export competitiveness" using two successful cases. The AHP analysis was also carried out, and it was found that the improvement of the technology in the 4th industrial revolution could contribute to the future industrialization as well as the 6th industrialization of agriculture. First of all, we looked many conditions were important and urgent. Among the technologies of the 4th industrial revolution, the mobile, big data were important. Moreover, it was recognized that linkage and convergence related efforts would greatly contribute to strengthening export competitiveness of agriculture such as price and quality competitiveness. Conclusions – The 4th industrial revolution such as hyper-connectivity, hyper-intelligence and hyper-predictability contribute greatly to the 6th industrialization of agriculture, and therefore it is essential to improve the competitiveness of the agricultural sector by using the technology of the 4th industrial revolution. In particular, based on analyses of the diamond model, the "demand conditions" was the most important factor for the activation of the 6th Industrialization, and then "related and supporting fields", "factor conditions" and "business context" were followed in order. The results of this study can be useful for policy, practical and academic sectors.

농수축산 포장디자인과 브랜드 개념은 이미 오래전부터 중요성을 인식하고 있었으나, 생산자 위주의 포장디자인과 유사브랜드의 개발로 차별성이 없고 경쟁력이 떨어지고 있다. 오늘날과 같이 고객의 요구가 다양해지고 시장이 세분화 되고 있는 상황에서 농수축산 제품의 디자인, 기능, 가격, 품질 등의 차별화만으로는 더 이상 경쟁력을 확보할 수 없고, 다른 상품과 달리 소비자가 쉽게 구매결정을 하는 비용이 저렴한 제품이므로, 더욱 더 포장디자인의 역할이 중요하다고 볼 수 있다. 이에 농수축산 포장디자인의 개념, 기능, 가치부터 농수축산 포장산업의 현황, 친환경 포장소재에 관한 내용을 조사하게 되었다. 식재료나 식료품을 구입할 때 음식이 담겨있는 포장디자인과 포장소재는 매우 중요한 역할을 한다. 농산물 패키징은 단순히 식품을 포장하는 용기를 넘어 기능성식품의 효능을 보존하고 물류 적재 방식과 물류비에도 큰 영향을 주고 있다. 글로벌 식품시장의 지속적인 성장이 이루어지는 가운데 농수축산 상품이 글로벌 상품에 효과적으로 대응하기 위해선 국제경쟁력의 확보, 고부가 기능성 식품 개발, 전통식품의 프리미엄화 등이 필요하다. 농수축산 포장디자인의 기대효과는 농가소득을 증대하고 농촌경제 활성화, 농업의 고부가가치화를 위한 농촌산업화 전략이다. 이를 위해 체계적인 방안을 모색하여 차별화할 수 있는 연구를 지속적으로 진행하고, 특히 상품판매를 위한 포장디자인은 농산물의 이윤추구와 농촌경제를 성장시키는 중요한 역할을 하므로 이에 대한 전략 방안을 제시하였다. 농수축산 포장소재에 관한 연구를 통해 친환경소재를 상품에 접목시키고 경쟁력 있는 농산물 포장산업에 기여하고자 한다.

This study is the National R&D project which has been carried out since 2016 with governmental support. The main objective of this study is to enhance technical and economical competitiveness on cable bridge through providing total solution for the major field issues in overseas market. In this paper, methodology and promotion strategy of the study are introduced and future research plan is also explained.

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to rationale the new approach to analysis of the human capital as a factor of effective development of a national economy and increase the level of country’s competitiveness. Research design, data, and methodology - This research aims the furthest development of the conception in human capital formation. The study made on the base of the methods with scientific classification and systematization, that is, comparative, statistical analysis, economic-mathematic method, and expert assessment and ratings. Results - This research attempted to measure the correlation between the human capital elements and the level of country’s competitiveness. The study revealed that formation of the competitive human capital cannot be considered in separation from the development and modernization of education system, the improvement of employment sphere, and the creation of effective interaction between them through the system of professional skills. Conclusions - The competitive human capital formation is one of the most important goals in the innovative economy construction and modern development, and it is also indispensable subject. Especially in the condition of economic crises, the necessity of formation and development of the effective human capital is considerably increasing. Realization of this task requires the development and stimulation of all the factors influencing the growing human potential.

책임형 CM(CM at Risk)은 CM회사가 최대공사비보증을 통해 프로젝트를 제공하는 프로젝트 발주 방식 중 하나이다. 종합건설업 체는 리스크를 줄이고 프로젝트의 성과를 향상시키기 위해 초기 설계 단계부터 시공단계까지 책임형 CM을 적용할 수 있다. 책임형 CM의 주 요 장점 중 하나는 종합건설업체가 견적, 도면 및 시방서 검토, 시공성 검토, 가치공학, 친환경, BIM 등을 포함하는 포괄적인 시공이전단계의 서비스를 제공한다는 것이다. 그러나 국내에서는 책임형 CM 프로젝트가 거의 수행되지 않아 경험이 부족한 국내 종합건설업체는 현재 한정 적인 시공이전단계 서비스만을 제공하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 해외 선진 종합건설업체는 프로젝트에서 책임형 CM을 어떻게 활용하고 있는지, 특히 시공이전단계 프로세스와 그에 대한 목적, 성공적인 수행을 위한 각 참여자들의 역할과 책임에 대해 벤치마킹 연구를 통해 중요한 정보를 제공한다. 이를 통해, 건설 사업 경쟁력을 높이기 위해 책임형 CM을 프로젝트에 도입하려는 국내 건설업체들에게 가이드 자료로 활용될 수 있 을 것이다.

This research was intended to provide a method to improve competitiveness, based on the integration of basic municipalities by assessing changes in their population and local industry Municipalities were integrated based on the addressing system 市(Shi), 町(Chome), 村(Village) of Japan. As a result, an actual increase of the population could not be seen in the new municipalities formed by the integration of the basic municipalities. It is also found that the shipping volumes, number of companies, and the number of people employed by local industry, attracted by such municipalities, has steadily decreased. However, even though the proportion of industrysharing in the local municipalities is not significant, it was found that the number of tourists has increased. Therefore, it is concluded that the strengthening of the connectivity between local industry and the tourism industry can be one of the principal methods to strengthen the competitiveness of these municipalities. In addition, it has been found that scientific research from a variety of perspectives and verification of data related to the effectiveness of integration of local municipalities is necessary.

The overall purpose of this paper is to conduct research on alternatives for strengthening the competitiveness of a state-run shipping company, Vinalines Corporation, the largest shipping and maritime enterprise in Vietnam. The first section of the introduction gives a panoramic overview of the current development situation of the Vietnam maritime industry and Vinalines. After summarizing a literature review in section 2, some alternatives are proposed in sections 3 and 4 to overcome the current difficulties of Vinalines and to improve the corporation’s competitiveness for sustainable development by utilizing linear optimization and financial analysis. The final section presents a summary and recommendation for future study. It is concluded that privatization is the key solution for every problem faced by the corporation at present. Furthermore, modification of laws, restructuring of enterprise governance, financial situation, and fleet are also extremely necessary.

디지털 콘텐츠 시장이 성장하면서 정부나 지자체에서는 적극적인 투자로 글로벌시장을 선점하기 위하여 많은 노력을 기우 리고 있다. 하지만 이러한 노력에도 불구하고 아직까지 대한민국을 대표할 만한 디지털 콘텐츠는 부재한 상황이다. 글로벌 화에 맞는 디지털콘텐츠 개발을 위해서는 독창적인 아이디어도 중요하지만 개발되어진 콘텐츠를 소비자에게 얼마나 효과 적인 전달할지를 고민하는 것이 매우 중요하다. 이를 위해 본 연구에서는 컨버전스 광고를 제안하고자 한다. 단순히 tv광고 나 인쇄매체광고 뿐만 아니라 새로운 홍보수립과 홍보매체에 변화를 꾀할 필요가 있다. 현재 컨버전스 광고는 통합적으로 국내 디지털콘텐츠업체의 광고수익과 회원가입비에만 의존하는 등 수익기반이 허약하며, 세계시장을 겨냥한 전략이나 방 향이 부재하여 정부는 국내 디지털콘텐츠산업 활성화와 글로벌화를 추진하기 위해 우선 국내 디지털콘텐츠가 해외시장에 진출할 수 있도록 세계적인 전략이 적용된 콘텐츠 개발과 현지화가 필요하다. 이를 위해 저비용 고효율의 광고전략이 필요 하며 이를 대표하는 앰비언트광고, 영상광고, 브랜드 아이덴티티광고로 전략을 수립하였다.

Vietnam’s sea-port industry has experienced a significant development in recent years. Especially in Northern Vietnam, both the demand and supply of handling services for containerized cargoes have increased at a considerable rates. Accompany with such movement, the competition among container terminals in the area becomes fiercer. In this paper, Hierarchical Cluster Analysis is employed to classify all 11 container terminals in Northern Vietnam by collecting data concerning terminal competitiveness. After the classification, each group will be discussed in order to reveal more details about their competitive characteristics. The paper consists of five sections. Section 1 is the general introduction. Section 2 provides a general literature review about competitiveness and factors to evaluate competitiveness. Section 3 explains variables and methodology applied to do the analysis. Section 4 presents the results with linkage to the current condition. Section 5 summarizes the analysis results. It is shown that container terminals in Northern Vietnam should not only pay attention to their service qualities but also have to find out an appropriate mechanism to avoid unhealthy competition. The paper is expected to contribute a background for further researches in container terminals’ competition in the region as well as hints for operators in planning and making decisions.