A cyclone separator is a device that separates solid particles from a fluid using centrifugal force and gravity in its inner chamber. Among cyclone separators, the separator that uses water as a working fluid is called as hydrocyclone separator, which has been developed for the purpose of dehydrating solid mixtures with a proportion of solids floating in liquids greater than 1, such as soil, coal, and cement slurry. In this paper, a hydrocyclone was designed based on the previously proposed design method, and how different the performance is from the targeted value was investigated using the computational fluid dynamics.

이 연구의 목적은 공학기반 파력발전소 주제의 STEAM 수업을 통해서 지구과학전공 예비교사들의 컴퓨팅 사고 에 대한 인식형성 및 개선이 있는지를 탐색하는 것이다. STEAM 수업은 가장 효율적인 파력발전소 모형을 제작해보는 내용으로 구성되었다. 컴퓨팅 사고 실천 인식을 알아보는 설문지는 연구자가 기존의 연구를 중심으로 설문 문항을 개발 하여 15명의 예비교사들에게 투입하였다. STEAM 수업은 파도를 이용해서 터빈이 돌아가는 과학적 원리 이해를 바탕 으로 모둠별로 효율적인 파력발전소 모형을 개발하도록 하였으며 수업 중에 문제를 인식하고(문제해결), 코딩작업을 해 서(코딩 및 프로그래밍) 3D 프린터로 파력발전소를 제작하였으며(모델 설계 및 구축), 제작된 산출물을 평가하여 오류를 수정하는(문제 오류 수정) 동안에 ‘논리적 사고’를 통한 높은 수준의 컴퓨팅 사고 실천 인식이 파악되었다(14개 중 에 앞의 5개 실천은 평균 5점). 하지만 용어에 대한 정확한 정의를 알지 못하고 실시한 수업에서 ‘추상화’. ‘문제분해’, 및 ‘빅 데이터 활용’에 대한 인식은 오히려 수업 후의 인식은 더 낮아졌다(3개의 실천). STEAM 수업 후에는 컴퓨팅 사고 실천은 ‘온라인 게임하기’는 아니라는 것에 인식개선이 있었지만(4.06→0.86; 역문항) 아직도 컴퓨터를 이용해서 해야 하는 컴퓨팅 사고 실천으로 인식하고 있어 개선되지 않음이 확인되었다(컴퓨터처럼 생각하기, 컴퓨터를 사용하여 통계하기). 문제 인식에 해당하는 ‘문제해결’(3.73→4.33), ‘패턴 인식’(3.53→3.66), 그리고 ‘최상의 도구 선택’(4.26→ 4.66)의 3개 실천은 인식이 약하게 개선되었다. 컴퓨팅 사고 실천과 같은 역량 함양을 위해서는 실습위주의 교육양성과 정이 개설되어야 하며, 특히 본 연구에서는 다른 주제의 추가적인 STEAM 수업을 했다면 개선이 일어나지 않거나 약 하게 인식되었던 컴퓨팅 사고 실천에 대해서는 확실한 개선이 있을 수 있다는 결론을 내릴 수 있다. 다회적인 상황학 습의 교육실습 교육과정이 개설되어야 한다.

Behavioral modulation by genetic changes garners a special attention nowadays as an effective means of revealing genetic function on the one hand and broadening the scope of in situ monitoring on the other hand. The cGMP-dependent protein kinase was treated to the western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis. Automatic recognition techniques and computational methods were utilized to investigate behavioral changes across photo- and scoto-phases. Movement behaviors are objectively expressed according to parameter extraction and data structure visualization in different light phases. By comapring with the individuals without treatment, activities of treated thrips were changed including decrease in circadian rhythm. Usefulness of automatic monitoring of insect movement in different genetic strains is further discussed for providing useful information on monitoring and diagnosing natural and unntatural genetic disturbances.

Group movements of insects are bases for unravelling origin of social behavior of animals and are important in both theoretical (e.g., evolution) and practical (monitoriing) aspects. Automatic recognition and effective computational methods were developed for characterizing multi-individual interactions in laboratory conditions. Movements of Drosophila species in different genetic strains were continuously observed across days. Characteristic behaviors are objectively expressed based on parameter extraction and data structure visualization. Group activities, including aggregation, inter-individual interactions and arena positioning were objectively characterized in different photo- and scoto-phases according to machine-learning and spatio-termporal patterning techniques. Individual-group relationships are presented regarding how individual movements would contribute to formulating group activities. Usefulness of automatic monitoring of insect group movement is further discussed for a basis for genetic functioning in behavioral aspect.

본 논문에서는 전산점근해석기법을 사용하여 복합재료 보에 대한 경계층 해를 계산하고, ANSYS 결과와 비교 검증하였다. 경계층 해는 내부해와 순수 경계층 효과의 합으로 표현되기 때문에, 내부 및 경계층에 대한 수학적으로 엄밀한 정식화를 요구한다. 전산점근 해석기법은 수학적으로 매우 강력한 기법으로, 이러한 문제에 유용하다. 그러나 경계층과 내부 해들의 연결을 시키기 쉽지 않은데, 본 연구에서는 가상일의 원리를 통해 생브낭의 원리와 내부 및 경계층 문제를 체계적으로 분리하였다. 경계층 해는 팝코비치-패들 고유 벡터를 계산하여, 실수부와 허수부 벡터들의 선형 조합으로 표현하고, 내부 해의 워핑 함수들을 보상할 수 있도록 최소오차 자승법을 적용하였다. 계산된 해들은 2차원 유한요소 해석 결과와 비교하여 정성적일 뿐만 아니라 정량적으로도 잘 일치하는 결과를 얻었다.

일반적으로 적합직교분해(proper orthogonal decomposition, POD) 기반의 침습적(intrusive) 차수축소모델(reduced order model, ROM)을 활용하면 구조 시스템의 전체 자유도를 크게 줄이고 외연적 시간 적분법에서 해의 안정성을 만족하는 임계 시간 간격을 증가 시킬 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 POD-ROM을 활용하여 Voronoi-cell 격자 요소로 이산화된 구조 시스템의 축소와 이에 따른 외연 적 시간 적분법의 임계 시간 간격 및 해석 정확도 변화를 살펴보았다. 또한 지진하중과 같은 불규칙한 하중 이력을 받는 구조물 응답 해석에 POD-ROM을 적용하였다. 해석 결과 ROM을 통해 해의 정확도를 충분히 확보하면서 연산 시간을 크게 단축할 수 있음을 확인 하였다. 또한 POD-ROM과 VCLM의 연계 방안의 적절성을 확인하였다. 향후 해당 연구는 고정밀 대용량 동적 구조해석의 실용성을 높이고, 설계 변수에 따른 구조물 동적 거동의 실시간 예측을 위한 기반 연구로 활용될 수 있다.

This study investigated the noise reduction effect according to the structure of the sound-absorption and insulating materials in order to maximize the noise reduction effect in various noise environments. For this purpose, the transmission loss according to the change in hole size of the performated plate in sound-absorption and insulating board was predicted using an CAE model. The sound-absorption and insulating board was modeled and the computation of the transmission loss was performed after applying the physical properties and boundary conditions. The pure sounds of 32Hz to 4,000Hz were generated, and the analysis was performed by changing the diameter and pitch of the perforated plate. It was confirmed that the influence of the diameter and pitch of the perforated plate is closely related to the structure that make up the sound-absorption and insulating material. In order to effectively reduce the variously changing noises, it is believed that a method of improving transmission loss for each frequency band of interest is needed by changing the structure of the sound-absorption and insulating material so that the diameter and pitch of the perforated plate can be changed.

Passengers on public buses operating in the metropolitan area are exposed to the closed indoor air for minutes to hours. The indoor air quality of buses is mostly controlled through ceiling-mounted ventilation and filtration devices. A simulation study using a commercial code was conducted for fluid flow analysis to evaluate the potential effectiveness of an air purifier that can be inserted into bus windows to supply clean air from the outside to the inside. As a result of field measurements, the average CO2 concentration inside the bus during morning and evening rush hours ranged from 2,106±309 ppm to 3,308 ± 255 ppm depending on the number of passengers on board. This exceeded the Guideline for Public Transportation. The optimal installation position of an air purifier appeared to be the front side of the bus. In fact, even a low diffusing flow velocity of 0.5m/s was effective enough to maintain a low concentration of CO2 throughout the indoor space. Based on numerical analysis predictions with 45 passengers on board, the maximum CO2 concentration in the breathing zone was 2,203 ppm with the operation of an air purifier.

Radioactive iodine released from nuclear power plants has been recognized to pose significant risks and environmental hazards. In response to these challenges, extensive investigations into iodine sorbents have been conducted with a particular focus on the utilization of layered double hydroxides (LDH) as a promising candidate. Herein, we have focused on the investigation of LDH materials featuring diverse transition metals for their synthesis, with specific emphasis on CoAl LDH for its proficiency in removing iodine species, particularly IO3 –. Nevertheless, a comprehensive understanding of the removal mechanisms employed by these LDH materials remained elusive. Hence, the primary aim of this study is to elucidate the intricacies of the removal mechanisms through sorption tests, spectroscopic techniques, and theoretical chemistry analyses, subsequently contrasting the experimental outcomes with computational results. For the experimental facet, the synthesis of CoAl LDH was conducted utilizing 0.15 mol L−1 of Co(NO3)2⋅6H2O and 0.06 mol L−1 of Al(NO3)3⋅9H2O to attain a molar ratio (M2+:M3+) of 2.5:1. Subsequently, pH-dependent IO3 – sorption tests were carried out, coupled with X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) and extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy, facilitating the elucidation and discourse of the removal mechanism. The theoretical chemistry in this research harnessed ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations for structural modeling, atomic density profiles, radial distribution function, analysis of oxide species, and MD-EXAFS spectrum analysis. In summary, this study aims to elucidate iodine removal mechanisms using diverse experimental results, culminating in the revelation that ion-exchange with NO3 – present in the interlayer predominates as the principal mechanism for IO3 – removal. Notably, a distinct spectral feature at approximately 33,190 eV emerged, defying identification through XANES and EXAFS analyses conducted under experimental conditions. In the AIMD simulations, meticulous scrutiny of individual iodine atoms uncovered the prevalence of I−O and I−O−H molecular species, marked by interactions between O and H atoms, with a coordination number of I−O = ~3. This transformation was primarily instigated by proton hopping. As a result, the comparative investigation reveals the dominance of IO3 – intercalation in the CoAl LDH material with the potential to undergo a transformation to the I−O−H molecule upon interaction with protons.

The importance of urban green space creation is increasingly recognized as the most realistic and efficient approach for fine dust mitigation in urban areas. Particularly considering the characteristics of domestic cities, the application of buffer green spaces along roads can maximize the efficiency of fine dust reduction without the need for separate green space creation. Accordingly, this study analyzed the fine dust mitigation effects based on the types of plantings in the central dividers and roadside trees in Jeonju City, Jeollabuk-do. To do this, we controlled various external variables of urban space and considered the planting arrangement types in the central dividers, carrying out the analysis using a CFD simulation. The simulation results confirmed that the central dividers with plantings demonstrated more effective ultrafine dust reduction than those without. Moreover, the arrangement of roadside trees showed a greater ultrafine dust reduction effect when adopting a multilayered structure compared to a single layer. Based on these findings, we concluded that installing both trees and shrubs simultaneously in the central dividers and along roads was effective for ultrafine dust mitigation. On this basis, we quantified the dust reduction effects of plants in urban street environments and proposed planting guidelines for roadside green spaces to improve air quality.

Hydraulic cylinders are hydraulic system parts widely used in various industries such as construction machinery, machine tools, robots, automobiles, and automation systems. The maximum capacity of vane pumps used in machine tools is 70bar, but the actual operating pressure is less than 50bar. The allowable pressure of a commercial hydraulic cylinder is 140 - 210 bar, so it is heavy and uneconomical because it uses thick and strong materials. In this paper, we intend to develop a small and lightweight hydraulic cylinder suitable for the allowable pressure of 50bar or less so that it can be used in the hydraulic system field. In order to develop a compact hydraulic cylinder, flow analysis, and structural analysis were conducted under piston forward and backward conditions. The analyzed flow rate value was calculated to be suitable for the operation of the hydraulic cylinder. As a result of comparing the stress calculated under the forward/backward condition of the piston with the yield stress of the material, the safety factor was calculated to be more than 2.5.

In recent years, social media influencers (SMIs) have brought dramatic shifts to the marketing trend. Apart from product endorsement and ad campaigns, they are increasingly hired by brands for promoting social causes including Black Lives Matter movement, COVID-19, and LGBTQ+ issues owing to their perceived authenticity and expertise (Open Influence, 2022). As such, brands promoting social causes to take ethical obligations to the society, namely, corporate social responsibility (CSR), has become an indispensable business practice (McWilliams & Siegel, 2001). Accordingly, past studies revealed that SMIs’ capability of creating authentic connection with target consumers and the fact that stakeholder awareness and authentic motives are preconditions for the success of CSR initiatives can create a synergic effect (Yang et al., 2021).

This study investigates social media posts on Twitter concerning cryptocurrency marketing. We applied unsupervised Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) topic modeling and sentiment analysis techniques to 98,716 tweets to examine the Twitter content for subjects and sentiments related to cryptocurrency. We discovered that tweets about cryptocurrency fell into four categories, with “cryptocurrency trading,” “NFT airdrop,” “cryptocurrency affiliate program,” and “Dogecoin on social media” being the most popular. Most of the topics had positive sentiments. Theoretical and practical implications for developing cryptocurrency marketing communication strategies are discussed.

This study analyzed the flow inside floating seedling equipment for Scapharca subcrenata. Due to the aging society of fishing villages, it is impossible to continuously input the labor force. Therefore, it is necessary to improve efficiency. Scapharca subcrenata has high per capita consumption. It serves as an important aquatic food resource. Scapharca subcrenata culture tends to be highly dependent on the natural environment. Production of Scapharca subcrenata is difficult to predict with low stability. In the past, manpower directly installed bamboo nets in mudflats. The seedling equipment devised in this study is a floating type and can be freely moved on the sea according to the prediction of Scapharca subcrenata generation. The flow around the floating seedling equipment was analyzed by numerical analysis. The physical phenomena of the flow around the net inside the floating seedling equipment were visualized. As a result, the space between the floating seedling equipment and the bottom net and the space between the net groups showed a lower flow rate than the inlet flow rate. It is expected that the low flow rate of the floating seedling equipment will have a positive effect on the attachment of Scapharca subcrenata.

Micro-climate measurements and computational fluid analysis were conducted to use it as basic data for the preservation and management of the old house of Kim Myung-kwan, a traditional building that is National Folk Cultural Property No. 26. As a result of the actual measurement, the temperature and humidity are relatively evenly distributed indoors unlike outdoors, but the temperature and humidity vary depending on the time change and the installation location in the outdoors. It was found that the temperature increases after dawn and the temperature varies depending on the installation position around 14:00–15:00, when the temperature becomes the highest. In particular, the temperature was high at the outdoor measurement point adjacent to the building and the fence. As a result of the computational fluid analysis, the temperature was high in the buildings and fences in the old house or in the area adjacent to the building, and it was about 1℃ higher than the surrounding area. In this area, it is judged that the thickening of wood will occur more severely than in other locations, and special preservation management is required.

In this paper, numerical simulations were conducted to secure both flow distribution and uniform flow discharge through a wall mount type air sterilizer. In order to increase the reliability of the simulation results where there is no well-known validation case for air sterilizer, mesh sensitivity study was performed under the constraint that y+ set to one for k-w SST turbulent modeling for both the air sterilizer and the fan. The installation of various guides and structures was reviewed in the point of flow distribution and pressure drop inside the sterilizer, and the exhaust pressure conditions were predicted to secure uniform flow discharge at outlets. This study has been done based on the computational analysis during the development stage of the air sterilizer, and the results will be verified through physical testing after production of prototype.

A simulation model was developed for heavy water pre-enrichment and detritiation by the Combined Electrolysis and Catalytic Exchange (CECE) process. In the CECE process, heavy water enrichment and detritiation are based on the principle that concentrated in to water phase through an isotopic exchange reaction between water vapor and hydrogen gas produced by a water electrolysis. An operational analysis for a liquid phase catalytic exchange column was carried out by the model equations, composed of a material balance and combined equilibrium relationships for a scrubbing and catalyst bed, respectively. As a result of simulation, the optimum flow ratio of water to the rising hydrogen gas in contact with the down-coming water was predicted as the key variables in the separation performance analysis at a given feed flow rate and isotopic composition. From a graphical approach based on this model, the operating conditions can be determined within the range where the operating line does not meet the combined equilibrium line before reaching the specified target concentration.