건조방법을 달리한 늙은 호박의 품질 특성 및 항산화를 비교하기 위하여 건조하지 않은 늙은 호박을 대조군으로 하였고, 자연건조, 열풍건조, 동결건조의 조건에서 늙은 호박을 제조하였다. 건조한 늙은 호박의 수분함량은 건조한 늙은 호박 중 동결건조에서 가장 높았고, 자연건조와 열풍건조는 유의적 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 가용성 고형분은 대조군에서 가장 낮았으며, 건조 방법을 달리한 늙은 호박 간의 유의적 차이가 없었다. pH의 결과는 동결건조에서 가장 높았으며, 자연건조에서 낮았다. 적정산도는 열풍건조에서 가장 높았고, 자연건조에서도 높은 경향을 보였으나, 동결건조에서 낮은 경향을 나타냈다. 색도 측정 결과, 명도는 동결건조에서 증가했고, 적색도와 황색도는 열풍건조에서 높은 결과를 보였으며, 갈변도 또한 열풍건조에서 높은 값을 나타냈다. 총당의 분석한 결과, 동결건조에서의 함량이 가장 높았으며, 대조군에서 낮은 함량을 나타냈다. Texture를 측정한 결과, 경도, 응집력, 검성, 씹힘성은 대조군에 비해 건조한 시료에서 높은 수치를 보였으며, 건조방법을 달리한 시료 간의 유의적 차이는 나타나지 않았다. DPPH 및 ABTS 라디칼 소거능 측정 결과는 열풍건조와 동결건조가 높은 수치를 보여 열풍건조와 동결건조시킨 늙은 호박이 기능성에 좋은 영향을 나타낼 것으로 판단된다. 본 연구 결과, 열풍건조와 동결건조시킨 늙은 호박이 품질 특성과 기능성이 전반적으로 우수하다고 판단되나, 경제적 측면을 고려했을 때, 열풍건조 방법이 건조 늙은 호박의 제조 방법으로 적합할 것으로 생각된다.

Pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata Duch.) seed is rich in protein and sulfur-containing amino acids. Tofu is a protein gel made from soybean, which is rich in lysine but lacking in sulfur-containing amino acids. This study was conducted to investigate the use of pumpkin seeds in tofu manufacture and to determine its quality and texture characteristics. Soybean was substituted with pumpkin seed to obtain pumpkin seed tofu at the following ratios: 10%, 30%, 50%, and 70% (P10, P30, P50 and P70). Tofu manufactured only with soybean was used as a control (Con). The higher rate of pumpkin seed substitution significantly decreased the moisture content and yield rate (p<0.05). In contrast, pH value and turbidity were significantly increased with the increase in the amount of pumpkin seed (p<0.05). The L-value (81.74~79.04), a-value (－0.19~－3.89) and b-value (12.40~9.84) of samples significantly decreased with the amount of pumpkin seed (p<0.05). No significant difference in syneresis was found among the samples (p<0.05). The hardness tended to decrease with the increase in the amount of pumpkin seed. The microstructure analysis revealed that the pore size of pumpkin seed tofu was smaller than that of Con. These results suggest that the pumpkin seed protein is a useful ingredient in the manufacture of tofu. Increasing the pumpkin seed substitution levels improves the texture of tofu.

This study investigated the quality characteristics, antioxidant activities, and retarding retrogradation of sponge cakes made with 0%, 1%, 3%, 5% and 7% pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata Duch.) leaf powder. Specific capacity significantly increased with the addition (0.33~0.38), but baking loss and dough yield were not significantly different (p<0.05). In color, there was a decrease in the L-value, a-value and b-value, but △E increased in proportion to the amount of pumpkin leaf powder. Moisture content increased in the 0~3% additions, from 27.90~31.68%, but decreased in 5% and 7% (22.37% and 28.15%, respectively). pH tended to decrease significantly according to the amount of pumpkin leaf powder (p<0.05). Hardness increased with the addition of pumpkin leaf powder, and pumpkin leaf groups presented higher springiness and cohesiveness than the control. Chewiness was not significantly differ (p<0.05). In retarding retrogradation, Avrami exponent (n) showed that addition of 5% (0.1329) had more retarding retrogradation effect than the control (0.4319), whereas time constant (1/k) showed both 3% (100.00) and 5% (70.42) addition had more effect than control (18.45). Total phenols and flavonoids content increased proportionate to the addition levels. ABTS radical scavenging activity tended to increase according to the level of pumpkin leaf powder. In sensory properties, 5% addition showed maximum color, and 3% addition had the highest scores in flavor, moistness, sweetness, chewiness and overall acceptability. These results suggested that pumpkin leaf was a good addition to improve the quality characteristics, health and sensory preferences. The most appropriate proportion to have the effect of retarding retrogradation in sponge cake is 3%.

Pumpkin has long been used as traditional health materials in oriental medicine, pharmacy, medicine, and food industries in many countries. In this study, the water extract and two active components from tendril of young C. moschata Duch. were investigated on inflammation inhibitory activity. The water extract of young C. moschata Duch. showed high cell viability over 95% and it decreased the production of interlukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) in the capacity of mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM) upon lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. Also, isolated fraction (B4) suppressed the secretion of IL-6 and TNF-α. Among the domestically cultivated pumpkins, B4 fraction contained in the tendril part of them and it comprised of the order of tendril from Cucurbita pepo var. cylindrica, old of C. moschata Duch., and young of C. moschata Duch. These results suggest that water extracts of C. moschata Duch. and purified active compound, rutin, show anti-inflammation activity by suppression of the secretion of IL-6 and TNF-α. It can be applicable as pharmaceutical materials.

호박씨는 단백질과 지방의 함량이 높고 영양가치가 높아 식품가공 재료로서 널리 이용될 수 있으나 그 동안 과자, 스넥 제품 등의 단순가공 소재로서 이용되어 왔다. 그러므로 호박씨의 소비를 증진시키고 새로운 기능성 식품을 개발하기 위하여 호박씨를 발아 성장시키면서 각 부위의 일반영양성분, 지방산, 아미노산, L-ascorbic acid, -carotene의 함량변화를 측정하여 영양학적 가치를 평가하였으며, 발아 성장과정 중 생성되는 고미성분의 구조를