The general contractor business in South Korea settled in the railway construction during the Daehan Empire, but depending on the construction intention and circumstances of the railroad, relationship among employer-contractor-subcontractor and their roles under the system of the construction process had changed. At the time of laying the Gyeongin and Gyeongbu-rail, the Empire, which had no capital and technology, passed all the power and responsibility of the rail laying to the contractor, who was involved in most of the process. After this, the empire tried to lay Gyeongui-railroad without the help of other countries. Japan prepared for the Russo-Japanese War and decided to construct the railway rapidly, and completed the railway in parallel with direct management work and contract work. From that time on, the general contractor would only do the work. During the construction of railroad in Daehan empire, the general contract business system was established. The ambiguous process was sorted out and divided. At this time, subjects in charge of design and construction has been divided. The internal organization of the project owner and the contractor were organaized and specialized.

개항 이후 조선은 일본 및 미국, 유럽을 통해 전기, 철도 등의 기반 산업뿐만 아니라 복식, 음식, 서양식 건물 등 실생활과 밀접한 문화체계 들을 받아들였으며, 조선의 전통 건축 및 기물들은 이전에는 볼 수 없었 던 새로운 양식의 수입기물들로 대체되었다. 대한제국기 궁궐의 전통 생활가구들은 서양가구들로 대체되었으며, 온돌식 주거문화에 따라 유지되었던 좌식 생활은 입식 생활로 변화하였다. 창덕궁과 덕수궁 석조전의 서양가구들은 18세기 유럽의 로코코 양 식(Rococo Style)을 따른 것에서부터 대한제국기 황실문장인 이화문(李花文)을 넣어 제작한 것 그리고 영국의 메이플사(Messrs Maple & Co) 에서 제작된 가구들이었다. 창덕궁에서는 장식성이 돋보이는 로코코 양식의 가구를 사용했으며, 석조전의 가구들은 신고전주의 건물 외관에 어울리는 소박하고 간결한 퀸앤 양식(Queen Ann style)의 가구가 주를 이루었다. 전통적인 좌식 가구에서 탈피한 서양식 입식 가구의 등장은 개항 이후 궁궐에서 이루어진 연회 문화와 관련이 있었으며, 서양식 연회에 어울리는 도자기와 공예품들도 각국에서 수입되었다. 연회에 사용 되었던 양식기들은 프랑스의 삘리뷔(Pillivuyt), 영국의 존슨 브라더스 (Johnson Brothers), 일본의 노리다케(Noritake) 등에서 제작했던 산업 자기였다. 서양식 만찬에 어울렸던 양식기 외에도 궁궐의 실내 장식을 위해 일본산 도자기와 공예품들이 유행하였다. 대한제국기의 수입기물들은 이후 일제의 간섭과 급변하는 나라 정세로 인하여 우리만의 독자적인 특징을 발현하여 양식적인 발전을 이루지 는 못하였다. 그러나 수입기물들이 시대의 흐름에 따라 새로운 생활방 식으로의 변화를 이끌었고, 합리성을 추구한 점에서 긍정적인 의미를 찾을 수 있으며, 대한제국기의 사회⋅문화적인 면모를 다각적으로 조명 하는데 기여하였음은 부인할 수 없을 것이다.

This thesis mainly deals with how ‘count of Ryang’ was used in the Daehan Empire. Count of Ryang means how many purlins were used in the building with longitudinal section. As a result, the notion of Ryang in the Daehan Empire does not differ from now one. But the usages of that are different from the Joseon Dynasty, and from the present. In the Daehan Empire, count of Ryang mainly was appeared with another word, count of Kan. In the Joseon Dynasty, they used the count of Ryang combined with Kan. Count of Kan had the meaning of purlin-directional length. By doing that, count of Ryang indicates the size of flank, count of Kan indicates the length of front. But in the Daehan Empire, count of Kan, especially the beam-directional length was considered at first, and then count of Ryang. Separately they used another count of Kan meaning the area of building. By using the combined words, count of Kan and Ryang in the beam direction, they got focused on the frame of wooden structure than before.

The following research of the road network of Jeju-Eupseong during Daehan Empire period has a twofold purpose: to study some characteristics of the road network at that time; and, to restore it to the original form of that period before a newly constructed road, called Shinjakro, has been established. As an attempt to trace the old shape of Jeju-Eupseong, this study analyzed some historical factors based on the first land cadastral map which was made in 1914, including outskirts of Jeju-Eupseong; such as castle itself, castle gate, road, bridge, lots of land, etc. Then this study also tried to restore the old road network of Jeju-Eupseong, through finding the original land-lot shape in the land cadastral map. There was five Shinjakro made between 1914 and 1917. The road network before then was composed of the double east-west axes and the single north-south axis. These axes was connected to some important place of the inside of Jeju-Eupseong; such as castle gates, fountains, Gaek-sa, etc. There were many branch lines between these main axes at about 80-120m intervals. Also there was an outer road along the outer wall of castle, connected with each castle gates. Especially, the north-west axis was the baseline which divided into two large parts, a government office area and non-government area (housing and commercial street for the people). Finally, this paper examines that the road network of Jeju-Eupseong was the true result for the efficient function of the city, especially considering natural geographical conditions and environment of living of that time.