The present study explores the educational potential of multiliteracies-based pedagogy to enhancing pre-service teachers’ creativity-convergence competency in an EFL literature classroom. To examine the pedagogical effect, both quantitative and qualitative data were analyzed, including the pre- and post- creativity-convergence competency tests, participants’ course evaluation questionnaire, and students' reflective journals. The results from the quantitative analysis indicated that multiliteracies pedagogy employed in the EFL literature classroom enhanced participants’ creativity-convergence competency significantly (p<.05) in its all components, including creativity, problemsolving ability, convergent thinking ability, and self-efficacy. The findings in the analysis of participants’ views on the positive potentials of the multiliteracies pedagogical approach in fostering learners’ creativity-convergence competency were identified as follows: (1) use of multimodal resources in the communication process promoted their creativity-convergence competency, (2) transformative practices served as the facilitator to foster creativity-convergence competency, and (3) critical literacy practices helped them develop problem-solving ability and self-efficacy. The paper ends with some pedagogical implications and suggestions for further research.

From a conversation analytic perspective, this paper undertakes the sequential analysis of students' oral reading initiated by teachers during teacher-student interaction. Extracted from 14 Korean elementary school EFL lessons collected on video, the sequences that contain teachers' initiation and students' reading and the surrounding talk were closely examined. The major finding is that students' oral reading serves a range of instructional purposes: practicing through repetition, marking closure, preparing for what is about to unfold, collaborating in knowledge presentation, rendering key linguistic information, and presenting and checking students' written work. Based on this observation, this paper argues that students' oral reading predominantly occurs as part of or in conjunction with a larger instructional activity, rather than with an exclusive instructional focus.

비고츠스키(Vygosky)의 사회문화 이론은 특히 제2외국어 학습에 있어서 중요한 의미를 갖는다. 학생들은 협동적인 학습 활동을 하면서 영어를 더 잘 배우고 성장하며 발전한다. 게다가 쓰기단계는 사회적 상호작용을 통해 복잡한 인식과정을 거쳐 향상되고 발전한다. 본 논문은 쓰기 수업을 하는 학생들로부터 피드백을 도출하기 위해 구글 독스(Google Docs)를 이용하여 사회문화이론이 쓰기수업에 어떻게 적용되었는지를 설명하고자 한다. 본 연구는 한국 모 대학의 영어수업에서 진행되었고, 참가자는 영어교육과 학생 11명이다. 연구자는 반성적 실천(Reflective Practice), 비계설정(Scaffolding), 동료 피드백 촉진(Peer Feedback Facilitation) 등의 과정을 통해 강사가 학생들이 한 문장에서 시작하여 단락까지 씀으로써 결국은 영어로 에세이를 쓸 수 있게 효과적으로 준비할 수 있었다. 이 연구에서 다섯 단락 정도의 에세이를 쓸 수 있을 만큼 학생들의 작문실 력은 향상되었고, 격려를 통해 서로 성장하고 발전할 수 있었다. 또한 이 과정에서 학생들의 사회적 기술과 공감능력이 향상되었고 수업 분위기도 개선되었다. 이러한 기술적인 동료 피드백은 동기부여를 위한 효율적인 방식이며, 학생들에게는 영어쓰기학습에서 자신감을 주는 것으로 나타난다. 사회문화이론의 적용을 통해 학생들은 제2외국어에 대한 지식을 습득 하고 더 발전시킬 수 있으며, 낮은 단계의 이해에서 더 높은 수준의 지식 으로 나아가게 하는 상호작용의 시너지를 만들어 낸다.

This study was an attempt to explore how EFL college-level learners perceive flipped learning or flipped classroom approach which would be practiced with Content-Based Instruction (CBI) courses. As an effort to find a way for the CBI learners to be served more effectively in terms of earning content-knowledge and improving L2-using skills, the new approach of flipped learning has been tapped into first of all by looking into their expectations and concerns that they might have if the new approach would be employed in their CBI classroom. The analysis of the data provided by the 159 participants revealed that they did not show clear preference or strong negative attitude toward the new approach. While the young college-level learners appeared technology-savvy, they did not seem confident enough in the new approach mainly due to the on-line component of the flipped classroom approach, which would require more responsibility of their learning. The study also made suggestions on what should be considered if the new approach can be successfully implemented and help the learners earn better learning experience.

With a recognition of a profound effect that teacher identity has in students’ language learning, the present study explores how teacher identity, especially that of native speaking (NS) and nonnative speaking (NNS) teacher in EFL context, shapes the teacher-student interaction and influences students’ learning differently. Data was gathered through classroom observations and video recordings of teacher-student interaction of a total of six hours of class sessions. The data comes from the interactions of three nonnative Korean teachers, one native speaker, and six university students in Korean EFL co-teaching classroom. To analyze the data, the method of discourse analysis was used. The findings show that the native teacher acted as an interaction provoker who stimulated classroom discussion and also an expert of both target language and culture. On the other hand, nonnative teachers acted as an activity guider by helping student understand the classroom activities. As sharing L1 and the same culture, nonnative teachers were flexible with the language choice of the students and understood the difficulties they had in the class. The study further draws attention to the pedagogical implications regarding the co-teaching of native and nonnative teacher in EFL classroom.

The majority of studies on L2 writing strategies to date has relied heavily on case study as a research methodology employing think-aloud protocols and texts written by the participants. Since the studies dealt with a small number of participants, the findings are inconclusive and sometimes contradictory, and little research on the writing strategies has been conducted in EFL contexts. The present study investigated EFL learners" writing strategies and compared the more-proficient writers" strategies to those of the less-proficient peers. It furthermore examined an assumption of a connection between writing strategy use and writing proficiency. The study was conducted with two writing classes that consisted of 26 more-proficient and 23 less-proficient writers. Two different proficiency groups were divided in proportion to students" scores on the diagnostic composition test. Strategies were measured by means of the modified questionnaire originally developed by Petri？ and Cz？rl (2003). The strategy items were stated in three different phases of the writing process (planning, while-writing, and revising). The results indicated that (1) the more-proficient writers used significantly more planning and while-writing strategies and (2) planning and revising strategies correlated significantly with students" composition scores.

This paper investigated interaction patterns of L2 learners and their native speaker counterparts in EFL classrooms and proximal social settings. To this end, data were collected from an English cafe at a university (i.e., pseudo-natural setting) and from an English conversation class at a university (i.e., classroom setting). Data analysis focused on teachers" question types, feedback patterns, and learners" responses towards feedback. The analysis based on utterance frequency revealed that students displayed higher participation rate in the pseudo-natural settings. With regards to teacher questions, teachers used more referential questions than display questions in both settings. However, there were twice as many teachers" feedback in the pseudo-natural setting compared to the classroom setting, but the frequent feedback did not slow down the conversation and did not always lead to self-repair. In addition, students in two settings differed in terms of their preferences to feedback in different linguistic categories.

The purposes of this study are to explore firstly two teachers’ EFL writing classrooms at a university in Korea and secondly students’ perceptions on their teachers’ classroom-based teaching for EFL writing in the same social and institutional context. The classroom interactions focus on rules of processes and teaching and learning of writing. The data comprise classroom observations of two EFL writing classrooms and interviews with both teachers and students. The findings indicate that the two teachers show a big contrast in terms of their writing practices. One teacher embodied the textbook with traditional approach and adopted translation activity whereas the other teacher tried to have creative self-expression approach with the textbook and workshop activity. The students tended to adopt classroom-based writing practices that might suit their purposes or goals in learning of writing in English. The findings provide an in depth understanding of the teaching and learning of writing, the role of teachers, and students’ purposes in EFL writing classrooms. It also suggests that the teacher needs to consider students perceptions by actively talking about relevant issues.