The purpose of this study was to evaluate the multilateral weight control program provided by the university health care center for female college students. The program was 8weeks long and composed of nutrition consultation, exercise, and behavior modification. Nutrition education focused on a low calorie and balanced diet, increasing the intake of protein and micronutrients and reducing carbohydrate and fat consumption. Evaluations were made upon completion of an 8-week program and upon follow-up at 6 months after the end of program. A total of 92 women completed the 8-week program, while 20 completed the follow-up survey. Upon completion of the 8-week program, significant decreases in body weight, BMI, body fat (kg), and %body fat were observed, and muscle mass was also reduced. The total energy and carbohydrates intake were also significantly decreased in subjects with weight loss, while the percentage of subjects whose consumption of protein, calcium, iron, vitamin B1, B6, and niacin did not meet the EAR, were decreased. The blood values of glucose, total cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol were decreased. The follow-up survey revealed that the subjects continued to lose weight after completion of the program. In addition, a Mini nutrition assessment revealed that diet quality improved, especially with respect to reductions in the consumption frequency of fried, greasy and salty food. In conclusion, the multilateral weight control program with diet education for female college students was effective for long lasting weight control and improved dietary behavior. Nutrition education for weight reduction should focus on balanced nutrition as well as lowering the total caloric intake.

The principal objective of this study was to assess the effects of soy isoflavone supplementation on bone mineral density in 36 female college students with osteopenia for 12 weeks. The subjects were divided into three groups on the basis of bone mineral density. The experimental groups were provided supplements of either 80 mg of isoflavone (Iso-80) or 40 mg of isoflavone (Iso-40). To the placebo group, 40 mg of powdered glutinous rice was administered. It was determined that many subjects with osteopenia evidenced lower levels of activity as compared to the control group. Isoflavone supplementation was more effective in controlling total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol than was observed in the placebo group. We noted no significant differences in serum osteocalcin concentration between Iso-40 and the placebo group, but significant differences in osteocalcin concentration were detected between Iso-80 and the placebo group. Bone quality indices (BQI) were correlated positively with mineral content, lean body mass, muscular mass, and blood components including albumin, Ca, Mg, ALPase, and osteocalcin. Both Iso-40 and Iso-80 supplementation for 12 weeks significantly increased protein and mineral content in the body. As lower intakes of Ca and folate were noted in the subjects, emphasis should be given to adequate intakes of these nutrients in the subjects. In conclusion, 12 week isoflavone supplementation in young females with osteopenia exerted positive effects on bone mineral density and bone turnover markers.

This study was carried out to investigate the dining-out behavior of breakfast and preference on the menu of female college students. 500 questionnaires were distributed and 417 were used for statistical analysis(SAS program). This survey was conducted from June, 2000 to October, 2000. 72.8% of the respondents thought there were problems in eating breakfast. The problems were 'skipping breakfast frequently(33.1%)', 'short eating time(20.9%)', 'simple menu(18.8%)'. Preference of dining-out breakfast menus were 'bread & milk(43.8%)', 'conventional menu(34.7%)', 'snack(15.5%)', soup or 'porridge(6.0%)'. A general preference of breakfast menus were conventional (63.7%), 'bread & milk(21.1%)', 'milk and breakfast cereal(8.7%)', 'soup or porridge(6.5%)'. Increase on the amount of monthly allowance decreased the preference of conventional type of breakfast(P<0.05). The questions about the breakfast were 'what is the best menus for breakfast(49.2%)', 'alternative to rice(17.1%)', 'the amounts of breakfast(12.1%)'. But there was no significant difference among these variables. In conclusion, development of convenient & well-balanced breakfast model and nutritional education are needed to increase the nutritional status of female college students.

This study was carried out to investigate breakfast behaviors of female college students. 500 questionnaires were distributed and 417 were used for statistical analysis(SAS program). This survey was conducted from June, 2000 to October, 2000. 44.7% of the respondents considered lunch to be the most important meal. 51.6% students thought that people must eat breakfast. 41.6% of the students always eat breakfast but 22.1% do not eat breakfast. Conventional type of breakfast was found to be the most popular (67.6%). But ￦400,000 monthly allowance group(P<0.05) and self prepared breakfast group preferred Western style breakfast. The main reason for eating breakfast was for health(34.6%). The group of students with less monthly allowance were more likely to skip breakfast due to lack of time (p<0.01). Physical discomforts after skipping breakfast were: lack of strength(42.5%), stomach ache(36.3%), giddiness(9.1%), and recovered temper(12.1%). In conclusion, it is needed that a convenient and nutritional education should be developed for college students' health.

This study was performed to investigate the adequacy of dietary fat and protein intakes among female college students. Daily intakes of energy, fat, protein, major amino acids and other nutrients were measured in 52 female college students. Daily energy intake was 75.8% of the recommended intake. Fat and protein consist 19.2% and 16.7% of the total calorie, respectively. The average protein consumption per day was 105% of the recommended intake. Essential amino acids intakes were more than the recommended amounts which appears in the 6th edition of Recommended Dietary Allowances for Koreans. However, when the intake of each essential amino acid was compared to the recommended amino acid requirement pattern, these subjects did not meet the estimated requirements. There was a highly significant correlation between daily protein intake and lipid intake implying the major sources of protein in the diet were also major sources of fat. Daily intakes of dietary fiber, vitamin C, iron, and phosphorous were above the recommended levels of intake. However, blood hemoglobin concentration was marginal indicating dietary iron consumption is not a good marker for iron status. Also, calcium intake was only 63.5% of the recommended intake. Therefore, these results imply that main problems for these subjects are low energy consumption, low calcium intake, and the quality of protein. However, as opposed to the hypothesis, the main energy sources were not the food items high in saturated fats such as instant foods, which should be emphasized further.