Research has been conducted on a wide variety of 3D printer circular fin heads. In this study, we proposed a sequence and method for a more efficient mesh study in the CFD model to calculate the Nusselt number of the circular fin head of an FDM 3D printer using the Taguchi method, sensitivity, and ANOVA. As a result, the CFD model to calculate the Nusselt number of the circular fin head of an FDM 3D printer has high sensitivity and contribution in the order of Base target mesh size, Prism layer number, and Prism layer thickness. We propose to increase work efficiency by performing mesh optimization in the order of factors with high sensitivity to level changes.

In this study, the cooling performance change according to the arrangement of the fin-tube heat exchanger using a single tube and the cooling performance change according to the air flow rate were studied. The arrangement of basic heat exchanger was set to 4 columns and 4 rows, and the performance change was studied while changing the columns and rows. In addition, the performance change was investigated by changing the air flow rate of the basic heat exchanger.

본 연구에서는 80k Bulk carrier의 저항성능 향상을 목적으로 선미부에 1개의 핀을 부착해 선미 유동을 제어하였고, 저항성능 및 반류의 변화를 분석하였다. 부착된 핀은 직사각형 단면을 가지며, 길이와 폭, 두께는 고정된 채 길이 및 흘수 방향 부착 위치와 유선에 대 한 각도만 변화가 있었다. 나선 및 핀이 부착된 선체에 대한 모형 스케일에서의 CFD 해석이 수행되었고, 그 결과를 실선 확장 후 비교하 였다. 핀은 프로펠러로 유입되는 빌지 볼텍스의 경로를 선미 트랜섬 쪽으로 변화시켰고, 이는 프로펠러 상부와 선미부의 압력을 증가시켰 다. 이로 인해 선체의 압력저항 및 전 저항이 감소되었으며, 감소율은 핀의 부착 위치가 선미 및 선저와 가까울수록 높았다. 또한 핀은 공 칭반류를 감소시켰는데 핀의 각도가 커질수록 반류의 변화가 컸고, 전 저항 저감률은 최대가 되는 특정 각도까지만 비례하였다. 대상 선 박에 단일 핀을 부착했을 시의 최대 전 저항 저감률은 약 2.1 %였고, 선미로부터 수선간장의 12.5%, 선저로부터 흘수의 10 % 위치에 14 의 각도로 부착됐을 때이다.

The enhancement of heat transfer in cooling system of cylindrical lithium-ion battery pack is numerically investigated by installing fins on the cooling plate. Battery Design StudioⓇ software is used for modeling electro-chemical heat generation in the battery and the conjugated heat transfer is analyzed with the commercial package STAR-CCM+. The result shows that installing fins on the cooling plate increases the convective heat transfer on the surface and thus lowers the maximum temperature of the battery pack. As the length and thickness of the fins increase, heat transfer in the battery pack improves. Considering the geometry and airflow of the battery pack, the optimal values for the length and thickness of the fin are both 2mm. As the convective heat transfer coefficient of the surface increases, the maximum temperature of the battery pack is greatly reduced and the temperature gradient is greatly improved.

본 연구는 절탄기 튜브의 저온부식 손상을 방지하기 위해 Inconel 625 용사재료를 활용하여 아크 열용사 코팅기술 적용 후 실링 처리를 실시하였다. 용사코팅(TSC) 층의 내식성 분석을 위해 0.5 wt% 황산 수용액에서 다양한 전기화학적 실험을 진행하였다. 양극분극 실험 후에는 주사전자현미경과 EDS 성분분석을 통해 부식 손상 정도를 파악하였다. 자연전위 계측 시 TSC+실링처리(TSC+Sealing)의 안정적인 전위 형성을 통해 실링처리 효과를 확인하였다. 양극분극 실험 결과 TSC와 TSC+Sealing에서 부동태 영역이 확인되었으며, 부식 손상 역시 관찰되지 않아 내식성이 개선되었다. 더불어 타펠분석에 의해 산출된 부식전위와 부식전류밀도 분석 결과 TSC+Sealing의 내식성이 가장 우수하게 나타났다.

One simple way of increasing the heat transfer for a fin-and-tube heat exchanger is to increase the fin surface area. In this study, a series of tests were conducted on wide slit fin heat exchangers having an increased fin area (Pl/Pt = 0.87), and the results were compared with those of standard slit fin heat exchangers (Pl/Pt = 0.6). Thermal performances of wide silt-finned samples were superior to those of standard slit fin samples. For one row configuration, the j factor of the wide slit fin sample was 11% larger, and the f factor was 33 % smaller than those of the standard slit fin sample. The difference decreased as the number of tube row increased, although wide slit fin sample always yielded superior performance, The reason was attributed to the many narrower slits formed on the wide fin sample. Furthermore, the effect of fin pitch on j and f factor was not significant, and j factor decreased with the increase of the number of tube row.

The wavy fins have been widely used in the heat exchangers in coolering system, aerospace system and automotive. Especially, an automobile has the wavy fin and flat tube heat exchanger for oil cooling system. The objective of this research is the performance comparison of wavy fins for battle vehicle diesel engine oil-cooler by numerical analysis. The real type fin is the wavy fin with corrugated structure, and the comparative fin surfaces are plain, louver, lateral perforation and parallel wavy fin. The non-dimensional values of f-factor, j-factor, area goodness factor and volume goodness factor was performed on the performance comparison. The plain and louver fin shows the highest performance in pressure drop and heat transfer respectively. In the area goodness factor and volume goodness factor results, the parallel wavy fin and louver fin show the highest values at each result.

The wavy fins have been widely used on the compact heat exchangers in aero system, automotive, air-conditioner and cooler system. The Special Purpose Vehicle has many oil used system and it need cooling system by air in form of fin-flat tube heat exchanger. The objective of this work is to evaluate the performance of wavy fin by Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD) analysis. 3 modified models were suggested to change protrude direction or to remove blocked surface bot and top of corrugated fin. The base model shows the lowest performance in pressure drop, and modified model 3 shows the highest performance in heat transfer rate. But, modified model 2 has the highest value in the Area goodness factor results, and modified model 3 has the highest value in the Volume goodness factor results.

It is known that the cooling performance can be improved about 5~12% and the COP (Coefficient of Performance) can be improved about 10~15% when the IHX (Internal Heat Exchanger) was applied in a vehicle. Thus, the aim of this study was to observe the influence of the fins shape on the turbulence flow and turbulence kinetic energy gradient in IHX. All the applied parameters of the fin such as rotation angle, spacing ratio, height ratio and mass flow rate are changed. The governing equations for the flow motion simulation were applied to continuity equation and Navier-Stokes equation, and the turbulence model was applied by the Shear Stress Transport(SST) model, which has the advantage of turbulence simulation. As the rotation angles of the front and back fins were increased, the difference in the maximum turbulent kinetic energy gradient between fins was reduced. As the inlet flow mass increased, the turbulent kinetic energy difference between front and back fins were increased. The turbulence area tended to increase with increasing fin height ratio.

In this study, we analyzed the radiant heat performance of ballast fin when the aspect ratio of the fin of ballast was changed. The minimum size of the mesh was 0.02 mm, and the grid number was about more than 11 thousand. In order to analyze the radiant heat performance of ballast fin, the aspect ratio of fin was 1.00(2 mm:2 mm), 1.80(1.5 mm:2.7 mm), and 0.56(2.7 mm:1.5 mm) respectively; that the heat transfer area was constantly 0.4 mm 2 . The numerical condition was that heat flux was constantly 1×10 5 W/m 2 , and measuring times were 0.1 second, 0.2 second, 0.5 second, 2 seconds, 5 seconds and 10 seconds respectively. The temperature values of fin at the 1.00 and 1.80 of aspect ratios were extremely large when heat flux time was 10 seconds. As a result, the maximum value of radiant heat performance of ballast fin appeared to the aspect ratio of 1.80.

In this study, a numerical approach for automotive louvered fin heat exchanger is carried out to investigate the effect of louvered angle on the heat transfer characteristics. The numerical simulation code STAR-CCM+ is utilized to calculate flow and temperature fields with polyhedral meshes. The results show that the flow efficiency is increased as the louver angle is high. Also, the outlet temperatures are nearly the same according to louver angles because the average Nusselt numbers are nearly equivalent regardless of louver angle.

The purpose of the present study is to figure out what the issues faced by architecture were at the time immediately before the transition to modern era centering of the works of Otto Wagner who acted in Vienna, Austria at the Fin de siècle. Therefore, the following points were examined in the present study; first, how were new spaces necessary to accommodate modern lives organized and how were the plans changed; second, how did the external expressions of architecture pursued by Otto Wagner appeared between arts and technologies, between historicism and modernity, and between decorations and functions. Through the study, it could be seen that Wagner began from historicism and traditionalism and tried to compromise them with modernity. Many modern characteristics appeared a priori in Wagner’s works from the construction of ‘Linke Wien Zeile housing block’ in 1898, his works completely broke from the typical historicism styles to open the period of inventive ‘Secession styles.’ At that time, Wagner concentrated on so called ‘flat decorations.’ Thereafter, his residential architecture completed to modern styles with ‘Neustiftgasse housing block’ as the peak. The characteristics of modern housing as above became a cornerstone of the modern functionalism later.

이 연구의 목적은 오론서 피네의 하트형 세계지도를 하트의 상징적 의미와 동아시아 정보의 관점에서 연구하는 것이다. 피네가 하트형 투영법을 채택한 이유로는 국왕 프랑수아 1세에 대한 충성을 표현하고 또 자신의 하트 기호에 대한 선호가 작용한 것으로 판명되었다. 지도속의 동아시아 정보는 아메리카와 아시아가 하나의 대륙으로 표기된 가운데, 마르코 폴로와 피가페타의 정보에 의존했음을 확인했다. 그리고 테라 오스트랄리스의 북쪽에 인도의 파탈리스 지역과 인도로 오인되는 남쪽의 브라질을 표기해, 16세기 디페 학파의 지도에서 대자바로 표기되는 근거를 제공했음을 알 수 있었다.