SPANE(the Scale of Positive and Negative Experience) 척도는 기존 정서 측정도구의 한계를 보완하기 위해 Diener 등(2010)이 개발한 정서적 안녕감 척도이다. 이 척도는 긍정적 정서와 부정적 정서 경험을 측정하는 총 12문항으로 구성되어 있으며, 포괄적 정서(e.g. positive, negative)와 구체적 정서(e.g. joyful, sad) 문항이 포함되어 있다. 각성수준의 측면에서도 고(e.g. joy, angry), 중(e.g. happy, afraid), 저(e.g. contented, sad) 각성 정서들이 모두 반영되어 있다. 본 연구는 한국판 SPANE 척도의 요인구조 및 성별 측정 동일성을 검토하였다. 이를 위해서, 한국 대학생 총 551명(남자 276, 여자 275)의 자료를 분석했다. 그 결과, SPANE 척도는 양호한 수준의 신뢰도와 요인 타당도를 보였다. 또한 남녀 집단 간에 요인구조, 요인부하량, 절편이 동일한 것으로 나타나서, 성별 척도 동일성이 확인되었다. 이러한 결과는 SPANE 척도가 한국에서도 대학생들의 정서적 안녕감을 측정하기에 적합한 척도일 뿐 아니라 성별 차이를 비교하는 타당한 도구가 될 수 있음을 시사한다.

The purpose of the current study was to deduct the factors for e-sports and to develop measurement scale of each images of those factors so as to establish the concept of esports. In order to achieve the aforementioned purpose, the study was conducted through three steps: (1) deduction of the elementary/principal factors which were based on the literature investigation and in-depth interview of experts and general public, (2) conducting first survey and exploratory factor analysis, and (3) conducting secondary survey followed by confirmatory factor analysis. In the first step, in order to develop and identify measurement scales, images concerning e-sports, game and sports perceived by consumers and related items used in the extant literature were investigated. Additionally, in order to verify the face and content validity of deducted items, in-depth interview of experts, professional gamers, professors of Sports Science, doctoral students, people in charge, general public and etc was conducted. And in the second step, the survey with those confirmed items scales were conducted and with the results derived from the survey, the exploratory factor analysis for measuring images consisting e-sports were also conducted. Finally, in the third step, secondary survey based on the results derived from the exploratory factor analysis were conducted and in order to test uni-dimensionality of the measurement tool with the results emanated from the secondary survey, confirmatory factor analysis were conducted. Through aforementioned three steps, the current study confirmed the image factors consisting e-sports which are comprised of six positive factors (i.e., sociality, entertainingness, aestheticness, leisureness, education, and stress relief) and five negative factors (i.e., addictiveness, violence, commercial viability/marketability, and closedness).

The strategic stakes of differentiation are so great for companies that the adequacy between aesthetic perception of the products and functional benefits for consumers must be taken into account (Alba and Williams, 2013; Bloch, 1995; Reimann et al., 2010). In order to examine the consumer's aesthetic perception, we tested an exploratory measurement scale of aesthetic style (Lagier, 2006), which we first validated for different kinds of products. Exploratory and confirmatory analysis of this scale were conducted and obtained results which proved the stability of the scale for design products. The three dimensions of the factor analysis can be interpreted within the conceptual framework of the perception of design products. We effectively find two clearly distinct dimensions which measure: “affective intensity” and “tolerance for ambiguity”. The last dimension is composed of items which fall both in the domain of “cognitive differentiation” and “cognitive discrimination”. To segment our sample and quantify the different profiles of aesthetic style, eight groups of consumers were formed from the scores on the three dimensions. Finally, the structure of aesthetic style on consumer preference for four design objects was also tested. We seek to show that our scale can also explain the choice for some objects. A one-way ANOVA was conducted to determine whether there were significant differences in preference for each object based on intensity scores of affective intensity, cognitive discrimination/differentiation and tolerance for ambiguity. Our measurement scale of aesthetic style, in the context of this test, explained consumer preference for some design objects.

Recent evidence suggests a dramatic increase of use on the social media environment in the tourism and hospitality industry. This study aims to develop a measurement scale for the social media environment also called “social media scape”. The study will offer insights regarding the consequences of social media scape as well. Empirical data will be collected from 3 different countries and 3 studies will be conducted. In addition, the findings of this study will suggest how social media scape shapes key consumer behavior outcomes. Finally, this study will discuss the managerial implications for marketing and positioning strategy in the social media environment. In particular, the results of the study will indicate how the social media scape should be developed thus helping brands to better position themselves in this social media world and what consumers’ needs can satisfy such as functional, hedonic, social, and psychological. In addition, for global marketers who want to develop international networks, ethnicities are a significant impact factor on users’ behaviors. As such, this information will be useful since our study will include 3 different countries

최근 근거중심치료가 대두되면서 중재효과에 대한 근거제시가 강조되고 있으며, 장애아동의 개별치료 목표의 예후 측정에 대한 중요성이 증가되고 있다. 따라서 평가 또한 개별목표에 따라 장애정도와 중재목표, 중재의 다양 성을 고려하여 개별화 되어야 한다. 목표성취척도는 개별화된 측정도구이며, 변화에 대한 기준참조평가 방법으로 개개인의 다양성을 고려하여 다양한 목표와 환경에서 적용이 가능하다. 이 평가도구에 대한 여러 가지 장점과 단 점이 제기되고 있지만, 선행연구에서 지속적으로 사용되어 왔고 이것이 임상적 활용 가능성에 대한 근거로 볼 수 있을 것이다. 특히 아동을 대상으로 한 실험논문 고찰결과 ICF 모델의 활동 및 참여 영역의 평가를 위해 사용되었 으며, 다수의 논문에서 뇌성마비 아동의 중재효과 측정을 위해 사용되었음을 알 수 있었다.

In spite of the increasing significance on a scale of building measurement unit and its system having been used in many areas of architecture, only a few researchers carried out the studies on a specific period. It is even harder to find a research results dealt in view of architecture. This research gives a focus on different types of scales employed in the ancient buildings and their sites, based on the research results of unit scale or scales found in recent excavations. After the review of literature on the scales widely used in the ancient times and of the various types of scales excavated archeologically, a kind of scale unit system that had been widely and extensively employed throughout the period of 'Three Kingdoms' could be revealed. The scale system is possibly able to be applied to estimate the exact scale of buildings and their sites as well in that era. The research results show that the scale and its system employed in the East and West buildings and their sites of 'Kum-dang' in 'Mi-ruk Sa' temple are different from 'Kokuryo' scale that was believed in to be used in the temple. Contrary to the suggestion by excavation report on the type of scale employed in the buildings their sites, a scale of 29 centimeters, similar to that of Tang, was employed. It was also found that one module consists of three 'Chuk's of 88.8 centimeters. Based on this scale system, we could conclude that three modules of the buildings on the front and two and half modules of them on the sides were explained by this scale and its system.

The certification of software products can provide a greater level of acceptance and feeling of security to customers of these products. This paper presents a certification method for the quality of package software. First of all, the evaluation criteria are derived from IS0/1EC 9126 and 12119 standards, and then the evaluation module are designed considering the measurement scale type. The results can be applied to construct the certification scheme of software product quality for the commercial purpose.

Purpose: Recently, Korean cosmetics distribution market has been reorganized with the H&B store. In the domestic cosmetics distribution market, existing brand road shops are decreasing, and multi-shops are leading the H & B stores, which have greatly improved their experience and content. In these environmental changes, the offline distribution channels are turning into the multi-editing shops that have introduced products of various brands and greatly enhanced experiences and contents. Nevertheless, most studies of factors and measurement items for measuring customer experience in the H&B store use Schmitt (1999)'s Strategic Experience Modules (SEMs). Therefore, the purpose of this study is to propose a measure that is practicable through consideration of the in-store customer experience components of the H&B store. Research design, data and methodology: Based on Schmitt's Strategic Experience Modules (SEMs), which are widely used in customer experience marketing, the metric pool was constructed through customer and literature research on H & B store managers. Since then, 101 preliminary surveys and 211 main surveys have been conducted in order to propose a dimension of customer experience and refine the metrics. Results: As a result of the research, H&B store's customer experience was derived from a measurement model consisting of 19 measurement items in total of five dimensions: environmental experience, intellectual experience, behavioral experience, tech experience, and relationship experience. This study analyzed that compared to the existing Schmitt's Strategic Experience Modules (SEMs), (1) emotional experience expanded to environmental experience, (2) Cognitive and relationship experiences are maintained (3) behavioral experience was subdivided into physical and technical experiences. In particular, the environmental experience has been proposed as a major component is an important point because the H&B store recently opened a large flagship store and is competitive in constructing a differentiated space. Conclusions: Related experience was seen as an important component of customer experience in the offline store, but in the process of refining the scale, interaction items with employees of the H&B store were removed, and rather, participation in the APP or SNS channel of the company, event Participation, interaction with other customers, etc. appear to be important, while suggesting the practical implications.

목적: 본 연구는 운동선수의 심리기술과 심리기법을 통합적으로 측정할 수 있는 도구를 개발하고, 개발된 측정도구의 타당도와 신뢰도에 대한 증거를 제공하는데 목적이 있다. 방법: 운동선수의 슈퍼심리기술(BIG 7 심리기법, SUPER 5 심리기술)을 토대로 전문가 회의를 통해 5점 Likert식 측정도구를 구성하였다. 연구대상은 총 597명의 운동선수였으며, 개발된 측정도구의 구조타당성을 검증하기 위하여 탐색적 요인분석과 확인적 요인분석을 실시하였고, 타 도구와의 상관분석과 경기력수준에 따른 차이검증을 실시하였다. 결과: 탐색적 요인분석결과 과정단서요 인이 삭제되었으며, 확인적분석 결과에서도 11개 요인 구조를 지지하는 것으로 나타나 최종 개발된 측정도구는 11개요인 37문항으로 구성되었다. 또한, 추가분석을 통해 개발된 측정도구에 대한 타당도와 신뢰도에 대한 증거를 제시하였다. 결론: 개발된 심리기술과 심리기법의 통합적 측정도구는 운동선수들의 심리기술과 심리기법을 측정하고자 할 때 신뢰할 수 있고, 유효한 측정도구이다.

PSC girder bridges, widely applied to bridge and railroad bridge (25 ~ 50 m), are a type of bridge that introduces compressive force in advance to the part where tensile force of concrete is generated. The tension force for introducing the compressive force by inserting the tendon into the concrete is a key element of the structural performance in the PSC. At present, however, measurement and verification of this is indirectly managed through deflection and cracking. However, it has become more necessary to develop practical evaluation methods of prestress force of PSC bridges. In this experiment, a small scale PSC beam with various curvature radii was made. Tension force monitoring with FBG sensor and EM sensor was performed on test members using 3 point flexural loading test. The measured values of the FBG sensors and the EM sensors used in the experiment were analyzed and compared with the measured values of the load cell.

PSC girder bridges, widely applied to bridge and railroad bridge (25 ~ 50 m), are a type of bridge that introduces compressive force in advance to the part where tensile force of concrete is generated. The tension force for introducing the compressive force by inserting the tendon into the concrete is a key element of the structural performance in the PSC. At present, however, measurement and verification of this is indirectly managed through deflection and cracking. However, it has become more necessary to develop practical evaluation methods of prestress force of PSC bridges. In this experiment, a small scale PSC beam with various curvature radii was made. Tension force monitoring with FBG sensor and EM sensor was performed on test members using 3 point flexural loading test. The measured values of the FBG sensors and the EM sensors used in the experiment were analyzed and compared with the measured values of the load cell.