목적: 소비자를 대상으로 안경사 직업에 대한 인식 현황을 조사하였으며, 안경사의 전문성을 강화하기 위한 방법과 기초자료를 제공하고자 하였다. 방법 : 본 연구의 취지와 자료수집에 동의한 일반인 624명을 대상으로 안경사 제도, 업무범위 및 전문성과 관 련된 설문조사를 수행 및 분석하였다. 결과 : 본 연구에 참여한 대상자가 생각하고 있는 시기능검사에 적합한 장소는 대부분 “안경원”인 것으로 파악 되었으며, 시기능검사를 수행하기에 적합한 사람은 주로 “안경사”로 답변한 것으로 확인되었다. 안경사가 전문성 을 가지기 위해 가장 필요한 것에 대해서는 “안과의사와 비교했을 때 유사한 수준의 전문성”으로 답변한 대상자가 가장 많았으며, 다음으로 “사회적으로 인정받을 수 있는 신뢰도와 책임감”으로 확인되었다. 전문의와 같은 분야별 안경사 양성에 대해서는 “눈과 관련된 전문적인 서비스를 받을 수 있을 것 같아서”의 이유로, 대상자 대부분이 “찬 성”하는 것으로 확인되었다. 결론 : 안경사가 토털 아이 케어 전문가로 거듭나기 위해서는 안과의사와 유사한 수준의 전문성 함양이 요구되 며, 소비자가 요구하는 안경사의 전문성을 확보하고, 미래지향적인 발전 방안을 마련해야 할 중요한 시기로 판단 된다

목적 : 타각적 굴절검사에 대한 옵토메트리(Optometry) 관련 직종의 업무 현황을 파악하였으며, 국내 안경사를 대상으로 인식을 조사하여, 향후 업무 범위 확대를 위한 기초자료를 제시하고자 하였다. 방법 : 해외 및 국내 옵토메트리 관련 직종의 타각적 굴절검사에 대한 자료를 수집·분석하였으며, 총 1,989명 의 안경사를 대상으로 설문조사를 통해 인식을 조사하였다. 결과 : 타각적 굴절검사는 옵토메트리 관련 직종의 업무 수행의 근간이며 대한민국을 제외하고 거의 모든 국가 에서 자동굴절계 이외 타각적 굴절검사 기기 사용을 허용하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 옵토메트리 관련 직종이 사 용하는 타각적 굴절검사 기기에 대한 의료기기 등급은 거의 모든 국가에서 위해성이 없거나 낮은 등급으로 구분되 고 있는 것으로 확인되었다. 타각적 굴절검사 기기에 사용에 대한 국내 안경사의 인식은 나이, 학력, 경력과는 무 관하였으며, 대부분 수행할 수 있어야 한다고 생각하였고, 법적으로 허용된다면 사용할 의사가 충분한 것으로 확 인되었다. 결론 : 타각적 굴절검사에 대한 국내 안경사 사용의 명확한 타당성을 마련하기 위해서는 안경사 스스로 해외 옵토메트리 인력과 비교하였을 때 부족하지 않는 수준의 임상 실무 능력을 함양할 필요가 있으며, 효과적 전략 확 보를 위한 자구적 노력이 필요한 시점으로 판단된다.

In recent years, there has been an increase in the morbidity of gastritis in Korea due to lifestyle factors mostly changes in eating habits and stress. Gastritis is more likely to progress to gastric cancer, and therefore it is important to prevent and manage gastritis through lifestyle adjustment and treatment at an early stage. In this study, cabbage, which was found to be effective in gastritis, was mixed and fermented with other crucifer plants such as kale and broccoli to evaluate the overall efficacy of fermented brassica puree on alcoholic acute gastritis. Based on our results, fermented brassica puree alleviated gastric injury induced by 150 mM HCl/60% ethanol. In addition, it was confirmed that PGE2, a gastric mucosal protective factor, was increased, and other positive effects such as an increase of MUC1 and regulation of PKC were observed. The results of this study suggest that fermented brassica puree can relieve acute alcoholic gastritis by regulating PGE and the expression of MUC1, a gene related to mucus secretion, and activating PKC, which is related to mucosal cell activity.

Probiotics improve the immune system. However, the effects of its lactic acid bacteria on atopic dermatitis relief and inflammation improvement is not fully understood. Recently, one of the probiotics, Lactobacillus helveticus HY7801 (HY7801), was found to have an anti-inflammatory effect. In this study, we investigated the effects of HY7801 on atopic dermatitis-induced animal models. After four weeks of oral administration, the group treated with HY7801 showed amelioration of the atopic dermatitis compared to the group receiving placebo. In the HY7801 treated group, the epidermal hyper-proliferation and collagen deposition were inhibited compared to the placebo group, and the secretion amount of the inflammatory factors, such as TNF-α, IL-4 were reduced. In conclusion, these results suggest that HY7801 acts as a functional probiotic via amelioration of the atopic dermatitis such as a decrease of epidermal hyper-proliferation, and collagen deposition and anti-inflammatory effects.

목 적: 본 연구는 필리핀과 한국 남학생들의 안건강을 조사하여 유병률 및 위험요인을 비교 분석하고자 하였다. 방 법: 필리핀과 한국의 17세 남학생 각각 196명을 대상으로 건성안 증후군, 자각증상, 결막염, 익상편 유무를 알아보았다. 건성안 증후군은 맥모니 설문지를 이용하였으며, 자각증상 및 video display 사용시간, 햇빛 노출시간을 설문항목에 추가하였고, 결막염과 익상편은 육안검사를 통해 확인하였다. 결 과: 하루 평균 햇빛 노출시간은 수업시간을 제외하고 필리핀 학생 2시간 12분, 한국 학생 1시간 1분이 었다. 필리핀 남학생들의 햇빛 노출시간은 건성안증후군, 자각증상, 결막염, 익상편 환자에게서 유의하였다. video display 시간에서는 유의하지 않았다. 한국 남학생들은 맥모니 설문점수를 제외하고 모두 유의하지 않았다. 필리핀 학생들은 건성안 증후군에서 자각증상과 결막염 및 익상편의 발생빈도가 통계적으로 차이가 있었으며, 햇빛 노출시간이 길수록 맥모니 설문점수가 높았고, 결막염과 익상편의 유병률이 높았다. 결 론: 한국과 달리 필리핀 학생들은 햇빛 노출시간이 안건강에 영향을 미치는 것을 확인하였으며 건성 안증후군 환자인 경우 결막염과 익상편 발생빈도와 관련이 있었다. 필리핀 학생들의 안건강에 영향을 주는 햇빛 노출시간외에 다른 위험요인들에 대해 후속 연구가 필요하다.

This study examined the background and change of building Yeongam eupseong and characteristics and construction method of its spatial structure. The results of this study can be summarized as follows. First, Yeongam eupseong was built for the same purpose of national border defense against the invasion of Japanese army as other Eupseongs were built and it was found first in the literature in the era of King Munjong of Joseon Dynasty with the scale of three gates and 4,369 cheok of castle wall. Such a scale was continued and in particular, according to flat structure, road network and gate position shown in the map, the form and road system of Yeongam eupseong before the 19th century were mostly identical with the current ones. Second, castle wall was built over foundation by using talcum after leveling the foundation soil and castle wall can be divided into outer wall, filling part and inner wall from the section. Outer wall was constructed by inserting and layering pebbles with big irregular stone, filling part was made with talcum and riprap and inner wall with soil in several layers by keeping gradient. This building method showed common features in inserting and layering pebbles for outer wall, use of protruded base and section form compared to Jeollado Eupseong.

This study is on Yun Seon Do's site located at Bogildo, Wando-gun, Jeonnam, compares the relics found through excavation to literature records and examines the character of relics and architectural features of the site. The results of this study are summarized as follows. First, bridge and pond including Goksudang and Seojae mentioned in related literatures were found around Goksudang. In the spatial composition, the area was divided into three using the stream from the valley and pond including buildings was built at each area. Each area was connected through Honggyo, Yueuigyo, and Ilsamgyo bridges and intentionally lengthened movement was considered as the space production technique to see the valley, and upper and lower pond. Second, 11 building relics, pond and fence were confirmed around Nakseojae. The transformative process of these relics could be divided into three periods. The 1st of these period was when Yun Seon Do lived there and Mumindang, pond and waterway were arranged as straight axis Third, Dongcheonseoksil consisted of building relics ① for preparing for and drinking tea and pavilion (building relics②) and pond, and these were static with nature and used as contemplative space for viewing.

The topic of this study is the translation of [Byun Jeung Rok vol.V(辨證錄四卷)]. Byun Jeung Rok is a complete book of medicine which was written by Jin Sa tak(陳士鐸) in the early years of the Ching dynasty. Of this, the fourth volume is composed of 12 disease-patterns(病症) and 54 subtopics. Byun Jeung Rok(辨證錄), as a book that completely organized the medical knowhow of the Ming Dynasty, explains disease-patterns(病症) through the unique and outstanding perspective of the individual author. This topic was studied in hopes of helping later students by showing to the world, through its translation, the author's understanding of disease pattern. The organized characteristics of [Byun Jeung Rok vol.V(辨證錄四卷)] is as follows. 1. For each symptom, the state, cause and prescription for the disease was explained in detail. It was written primarily based on experience. Because the explanations are clear, it is easy to understand. 2. The theory and actual application of Yin yang and five phases is amazing. The actual cause and actual treatment was indicated clearly. 3. In relation to physiology and pathology, the relation between the liver and gall bladder in the middle(between the heart and kidney). In relation to treatment, the tonifying method was never excluded.

In this chapter 8, I discuss a running piglet disease(奔豚氣病), its causes, symptoms and prescription. The name of the running piglet(奔豚) disease dates back to old times, and it is not clinically reported these days. The symptoms of the running piglet disease(奔豚氣病) is characterized by unberable pain in the lower abdomen, the chest and the throat, followed by complete disappearance of these symptoms with passage of time. In my view, the causes of the running piglet disease(奔豚氣病) can be divided into three categories: startle and panic, and the excessive fluid(水飮). In this chapter 13, I elaborate on three diseases: a wasting-thirst(消渴), a dribbling urination(小便不利),1)a strangury disease(淋病). I discuss these three diseases in one chapter because they share the same symptoms of thirst and abnormal urination and the symptoms occur mainly in the kidney(腎) and the urinary bladder(膀胱). A wasting-thirst(消渴) has the main symptoms of drinking water and eating food excessively as well as urinating a lot. A disease symptomized by thirst(消渴) is typically divided into upper wasting-thirst(上消), middle wasting-thirst(中消), and lower wasting-thirst(下消) by clinicians. Specifically, I discuss the mechanism of disease of upper wasting-thirst(上消) and lower wasting-thirst(下消), treatment principles of and prescriptions for upper wasting-thirst(上消) and lower wasting-thirst(下消), and pathology of middle wasting-thirst(中消) in this chapter. Based on the view that a dribbling urination(小便不利) is not a disease per se but a label for the symptom of short and insufficient urination, I discuss water amassment syndrome(蓄水證), yang bringtness disease pattern(陽明病), and a dribbling urination(小便不利) that is accompanied by various diseases. A strangury disease(淋病) has the main symptoms of insufficient and trickling urination that is often accompanied by pain perception. In this chapter, I discuss about stone strangury(石淋) in particular. These three diseases merit in-depth discussion since they are clinically observed with high frequency.

Byun Jeung Ok Ham, written by Jin Sa Tak(1627~1707, won gong, penname ju hwa ja) is composed of four books. this book is estimated of being written after A.D 1688 and composed of internal medicine, obstetrics and gynecology, ophthalmology, dental surgery and so on, total 36 parts of clinical medicine. This is the first book of that four studying about definition on eum yang of 31 diseases. 31 subjects follow, attack by wind and cold(傷風傷寒), paralysis(中風), vomiting(吐症), diarrhea(瀉症), malaria(瘧疾), dysentery(痢疾), epilepsy(癲狂), cough(咳嗽), constipation and urinal impossibility(大小便閉), heartache(心痛), abdominal pain(腹痛), headache(頭痛), eye disease(目痛), tonsillitis(雙蛾), tumor(癰瘡), exhaustion(脫症), perspiration(汗症), congestion(痰症), swelling(腫脹), heatstroke(暑症), asthma(喘症), evil influence(中邪), hematemesis(吐血), wet dream(夢遺), pyrosis(呑酸), backache(腰痛), intestinal convulsion(霍亂). childbirth(生産), hard labor(小産), after delivery(産後), sterility(子嗣). this treatise is the first book of four which deals with eum yang(陰陽) translating into korean and studying about medical theories. In every parts, author's unique clinical theory appears affluently and in that periods his study developmented a lot in those days' medical methods. second book is weaknessand strongness,third upper and low, fourth truth and untruth. first book, Jin Sa Tak says studying on eum yang is oriental medical basic theory and on incurable diseases or chronic symptoms, doctor must go back to that eumyang demonstration after can cure patients. second parts are on weakness and strongness demonstration, that weakness is weakness of patients' energy and strongness is prosperous condition of diseases' attack. third parts are on upper and low, that upper is upper parts of human body of painful parts and low is human low parts of pain, that is parts of under waist. fourth parts are truth and untruth, true symptoms and untrue symptoms, that is the real reaction of human condition and the other way. every prescriptions are author's creations. this book provides new viewpoints which surpasses original ancient medical theories. author suggests new opinions about chronic and incurable diseases. prescrisptions were made of following correct theory of gun sin jua sa theory (君臣佐使) and promoted levels of clinical methods. this treatise refers to dong ui bo gam(東醫寶鑑), huang je nei gyung(黃帝內經), sang han lon(傷寒論), ui hak yip mun(醫學入門) and modern physiology and pathology.

This study is examine the scales applied to buildings in the age of Unified Silla through construction sites excavated and its results are as follows; First, scales used in the age of Unified Silla were varied like Jucheok, Dangcheok and Hancheok, but it was generally accepted that Dangcheok was used in Yeongjocheok Since it was found that the scales applied to Dabotap at the Bulguksa temple and main building of the Gameunsa temple belonged to Goguryeo, Yeongjocheok scale used early in the age of Unified Silla was transitional and it was thought that Goguryeocheok and Dangcheok were used togethar. Second, according to actual rulers in Korea, china and Japan, the length of Dangcheok(ruler used in Chinese Tang era) mostly belonged to the extent of $29.25cm\;{\sim}\;30.5cm$(central value: 29,71cm). Third, plane features of main building of temple are assumed that it had five rooms in front compartment until the 7th century and then it was diversified to three, five and seven compartment. The size of compartment was same in the scale of front Eokan and Hyeopkan until late 7th century, but since then the dimension of Eokan tended to be wider than Hyeopkan. It was judged that the front Eokan used triple scales like 9, 12, 15, 18 cheok. Fourth, the length of residential structures was 17.5cheok${\sim}$36cheok and Bcheok was commonly used for front side of structure, The length of official structures was 8.4cheok${\sim}$36.3cheok which is similar to residential structures. However it has been confirmed that each of 9cheok, 12cheok, and 15cheok has been used for Eokan and Hyeopkan which gave presumption that triple scales was used for the measure.

In spite of the increasing significance on a scale of building measurement unit and its system having been used in many areas of architecture, only a few researchers carried out the studies on a specific period. It is even harder to find a research results dealt in view of architecture. This research gives a focus on different types of scales employed in the ancient buildings and their sites, based on the research results of unit scale or scales found in recent excavations. After the review of literature on the scales widely used in the ancient times and of the various types of scales excavated archeologically, a kind of scale unit system that had been widely and extensively employed throughout the period of 'Three Kingdoms' could be revealed. The scale system is possibly able to be applied to estimate the exact scale of buildings and their sites as well in that era. The research results show that the scale and its system employed in the East and West buildings and their sites of 'Kum-dang' in 'Mi-ruk Sa' temple are different from 'Kokuryo' scale that was believed in to be used in the temple. Contrary to the suggestion by excavation report on the type of scale employed in the buildings their sites, a scale of 29 centimeters, similar to that of Tang, was employed. It was also found that one module consists of three 'Chuk's of 88.8 centimeters. Based on this scale system, we could conclude that three modules of the buildings on the front and two and half modules of them on the sides were explained by this scale and its system.

본 연구에서는 기존의 교면포장 공법인 아스팔트와 라텍스 개질 콘크리트 포장의 단점을 극복한 교면포장용 고성능 콘크리트의 개발을 위하여 교면포장용 콘크리트 슬래브의 내구성을 평가하였다.교면포장용 고성능 콘크리트의 배합으로는 A-Type (실리카퓸 6%), B-Type (실리카퓸 6%+플라이애쉬 20%), C-Type (실리카퓸 6%+고로슬래그 40%)의 3가지 종류를 고려하였고 현재 교면 포장에 사용되고 있는 라텍스 개질 콘크리트 포장(LMC)과 일반 콘크리트 포장(OPC)에 대하여 비교 평가하였다. 내구성 평가를 위한 실험으로는 정적재하실험과 피로실험을 실시하였으며 처짐 및 균열폭과 콘크리트 및 철근 변형률을 측정하여 비교하였다. 또한 범용 프로그램인 ABAQUS를 이용한 유한요소 해석을 통하여 실험결과를 검증하였다. 실험결과, 정적재하시험의 경우 고성능 콘크리트 배합이 LMC 및 OPC에 비하여 역학적 특성 및 내구성에 있어서 우수한 성능을 보여주었다. 고성능 콘크리트 배합 중에선 A-Type이 처짐 및 균열저항성에 있어서 가장 우수한 것으로 나타났다. 피로시험의 경우에는 고성능 콘크리트 배합이 LMC 및 OPC에 비하여 균열저항성이 우수한 것으로 나타났으나 전체적인 거동은 모든 시험체가 일정하게 유지되어 반복하중에 대하여 충분한 내하력 및 강성을 확보하고 있는 것으로 판단된다. 유한요소 해석 결과, 처짐의 경우 1~4mm, 변형률의 경우 최대 12%의 상대오차를 보여 실험결과와 유사한 변형을 보였다

본 연구에서는 도라지 추출물에 대한 세포 독성을 확인하였으며, Aβ에 의한 PC12 세포 독성에 대한 보호효과를 관찰하였다. 또한 도라지 추출물과 도라지 추출물 연양갱을 4주간 강제 경구 투여하여 Morris 수중미로시험에서 도달지점까지의 도달시간이 도라지 추출물 및 도라지 추출물 연양갱 투여에 의해서 모두에서 유의하게 감소하였다. 이와 유사하게 수동회피시험에서도 자극이 있는 어두운 방을 나오는 시간이 도라지 추출물 및 도라지 추출물 연양갱 투여에 의해서 현저하게 감소하였다. 따라서 도라지 추출물 및 도라지 추출물 연양갱은 인지능 개선에 도움을 줄 것으로 생각된다.