The cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera is one of the most polyphagous and cosmopolitan pest species in world wide including Korea. It also showed high level of resistance against various types of insecticide. To set the integrated resistant management program, first, we tried to identify the insecticide resistant mechanism via transcriptome analysis of coding and non-coding RNAs using 4 strains (Australian susceptible and resistant strains, Korean and Brazilian resistant strains, additional a sub-lethal dose insecticide treatment in Korean resistant strain). From the illumina based RNAseq data sets with genome information, some resistant involved detoxification genes and long non-coding RNAs were discovered. Second, following molecular markers were developed from resistant strain specific amino acid substitution from those candidate genes. Third, functionally identified genes’ markers were applied in field populations using some molecular diagnostic tools such as LAMP (loop mediated isothermal amplification). Now additional functional analysis is going on for these un-characterized candidate genes and long non-coding RNAs.

Earthquake resistant design was introduced to Korea in 1988 for tall buildings, in 1992 for highway bridges and even earlier than that for nuclear power plants. The apartments designed by large unit housing planning was constructed by tunnel form method for the construction convenient in 1980. As a results, many structures without any seismic resistance capacity were built during the 80’s. In this paper, to improve the seismic capacity in wall-slab joint, experiments which improve and retrofit a seismic capacity by steel reinforcing, unequal angle bracing, carbon sheet attachment are carried out. These methods also are economic and simple in mitigating seismic hazard, improving earthquake-resistance performance, and reducing the risk level of building occupants. Consequently these methods were confirmed its effectiveness in improving the seismic performance were confirmed its effectiveness.

In this study, we compared disease incidence rate and phyllosphere microbial community between drought resistance transgenic rice (Agb0103) and non-transgenic Ilmi (NGM) during 2011-2014 to examine an environmental risk assessment of drought resistance transgenic rice (Agb0103). As the results, major diseases such as sheath blight, brown spot, leaf blast and false smut were occurred, however, there were no significant disease incidence rate between Agb0103 and NGM. As the results of counting bacterial and fungal viable cell, the colonies were increased or decreased which affected by environmental conditions, however there were no differences between Agb0103 and NGM. Also unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic averaging (UPGMA) analysis based on polymerase chain reaction with denaturing gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) revealed that DGGE band pattern of bacterial and fungal communities were clustered by each month and there were no differences between Agb0103 and NGM. Furthermore, isolated casual agents causing sheath blight and brown spot were collected from Agb0103 and NGM, and they revealed that each of pathogens were no differences in morphology and pathogenicity. Therefore, our results suggested that Agb0103 showed no differences in disease incidence rate, characteristic of pathogens and phyllosphere community with NGM. In this way, it can be assumed that transgenic rice Agb0103 could not influence phyllosphere microorganism community and environmental conditions.

The purpose of this experimental study is to investigate the influence of chemical resistance of concrete using KOH and Non-sintered binder. As a result, concrete using KOH and Non-sintered binder was confirmed to be superior than ordinary of concrete chemical resistance.

Disease is one of the significant factors to damage for the crop productivity, including rice. Although there are many methods to avoid from several diseases such as chemical pesticides and biological treatments, it has been appreciated that the most economical and environmentally effective method of disease control is application of resistance genes. A survey (Dardick & Ronald, 2006) reported that plant kinome has a small number of non-RD kinase (nRDK) (4-29% of total kinase), all known or predicted pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) fall into the class. We here introduce a strategy to identify rice resistance genes that are probably encoding PRRs. We selected 130 nRDK genes by combinational analysis of QTL and bioinformatics, 61 of rice mutant lines of 130 candidates inoculated by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) and Magnaporthe grisea. (M. grisea), and disease progression was monitored. Lesion lengths of the activation mutant lines for nRDK-08 and nRDK-18 genes reduced more than 34% compared to wild type of rice (Dongjin) and other mutant lines. The nRDK-03 and nRDK-17 gene activation rice line had remarkably smaller lesion lengths by M. grisea infection. Our results suggest that a reverse genetic approach using bioinformatics and T-DNA tagging system successfully identified nRDK genes conferring a resistance against Xoo and M. grisea.