Parrots have been threatened by global trade to meet their high demand as pets. Controlling parrot trade is essential because parrots play a vital role in the ecosystem. Accurate species identification is crucial for controlling parrot trade. Parrots have been traded as eggs due to their advantages of lower mortality rates and more accessible transport than live parrots. A molecular method is required to identify parrot eggs because it is difficult to perform identification using morphological features. In this study, DNAs were obtained from 43 unidentified parrot eggs using a non-destructive sampling method. Partial cytochrome b (CYTB ) gene was then successfully amplified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequenced. Sequences newly obtained in the present study were compared to those available in the GenBank by database searching. In addition, phylogenetic analysis was conducted to identify species using available sequences in GenBank along with sequences reported in previous studies. Finally, the 43 parrot eggs were successfully identified as seven species belonging to two families and seven genera. This non-destructive sampling method for obtaining DNA and molecular identification might help control the trade of parrot eggs and prevent their illegal trade.

Two tree frogs, Dryophytes suweonensis and Dryophytes japonicus, inhabiting Korea, are morphologically similar and share the same habitats. Therefore, they are identified mainly through their calls, especially for males. Dryophytes suweonensis is registered as an endangered (IUCN: EN grade) and protected species in South Korea. Thus, it is necessary to develop a method to rapidly identify and discriminate the two species and establish efficient protection and restoration plans. We identified significant genetic variation between them by sequencing a maternallyinherited mitochondrial 12S ribosomal DNA region. Based on the sequence data, we designed a pair of primers containing 7 bp differences for high resolution melting (HRM) analysis to rapidly and accurately characterize their genotypes. The HRM analysis using genomic DNA showed that the melting peak for D. suweonensis was 76.4±0.06°C, whereas that of D. japonicus was 75.0±0.05°C. The differential melt curve plot further showed a distinct difference between them. We also carried out a pilot test for the application of HRM analysis based on immersing D. suweonensis in distilled water for 30 min to generate artificial environmental DNA (eDNA). The results showed 1.10-1.31°C differences in the melting peaks between the two tree frog samples. Therefore, this HRM analysis is rapid and accurate in identifying two tree frogs not only using their genomic DNA but also using highly non-invasive eDNA.

보건의료 정보의 활용은 빅데이터 시대에 피할 수 없는 흐름이다. 빅데이터를 활용하여 산업발전 및 소비자 후생증진을 도모할 수 있다. 이에 따라 빅데이터 사용에 있어 개인정보 보호의 문제도 대두되었다. 미국은, HIPAA (의료정보보호법)를 제정하여 보건의료 정보의 비식별화를 규정하고 있다. 유럽은 GDPR이 제정되었다. 이에 기반하여 EU의 제 29조 작업반(Working Patty 29)은 2014년 4월 10일 익명처리기법에 대한 의견서(WP opinion on Anonymisation Techniques)를 채 택하였다. 일본은 2003년 개인정보보호법을 제 정하였고 2015년 전면개정하였다. 개정법에서는 개인정보 빅데이터의 활용을 좀 더 용이하게 하기 위해 익명가공정보의 개념을 도입하였다. 우리 나라 개인정보 보호법 제18조 제2항은 개인정보를 목적 외로 이용 또는 제3자 제공할 수 있는 예외사유를 규정하고 있다. 또한 의료법 제19조 제 1항으로 의료인이나 의료기관 종사자에게 업무상 알게 된 다른 사람의 정보를 누설하거나 발표하 지 아니할 의무를 정하고 있고, 같은 조 제2항은 의료기관 인증에 종사하고 있거나 종사하였던 자의 업무상 알게 된 정보 누설 및 부당 사용을 금지한다. 2016년 6월에는 행정자치부 등 기관들의 합동으로 ‘개인정보 비식별화 조치 가이드라 인-비식별 조치 기준 및 지원⋅관리 체계 안내’를 발표하였다.

본 연구는 돼지 농가의 생산성 향상 및 수익성 증대를 위한 분자 육종 기술에 적용할 유전자 마커를 개발하기 위해 수행 되었다. 분석 결과에 따르면, 돼지의 간 조직을 이용하여 RNA-Sequencing을 수행한 결과 ECI2 유전자의 SNP를 발견 하였고 발견된 SNP chr 7:g.2302809는 c.608로 608번째 C가 G로 변환되어 Threonine에서 Serine으로 아미노산이 치환되는 단일염기다형성임을 확인하였다. Berkshire 돼지 430으로 ECI2 유전자형과 육질 형질과의 연관성 분석 결과 도 체중, 적색도, 육즙 손실, 수분 함량 및 pH24hr에서 유의성을 확인할 수 있었다. 그중 GG 유전자형은 pH24hr에서 다른 유전자형에 비해 수치가 증가시키는 경향을 확인하였다. 성별에 따른 유전자형과 육질 형질과의 연관성은 거세돈에서 GG 유전자형이 육즙 손실의 감소와 pH24hr에서 유의성이 확인되었고, 암퇘지의 GG 유전자형도 수분함량이 증가되었다. 따라서 ECI2 유전자의 GG 유전자형을 가진 돼지가 육질이 더 좋은 것으로 판단된다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 ECI2의 GG 유전자형을 고정시킨다면 육질이 우수한 돼지고기 생산이 가능할 것이다. 또한 ECI2 유전자를 이용하여 품종개량 및 조기 선발 기술에 바이오마커로 활용한다면 농가의 경쟁력 강화 효과에 도움이 될 것으로 사료된다.

구조물의 성능을 개선하기 위하여 다양한 진동제어장치가 사용되고 있다. 대부분의 제진장치는 구조물의 감쇠비를 증가시킴으로써 성능개선효과를 유도하기 때문에 증가된 감쇠비는 제진장치에 의한 구조물의 성능을 평가하는 중요한 지표가 될 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 강풍 등으로 제진장치가 운영 중인 상태에서 구조물의 응답만을 이용하여 각 모드에 증가된 등가감쇠비를 추정하는 프로세스를 개발하고 이를 성능개선효과를 평가하는데 활용하고자한다. 제진장치가 설치된 구조물은 비고전 감쇠시스템이므로 상태공간 모드분해법을 이용하여 계측응답으로부터 모드 응답을 구하고, 분해된 모드응답에 가상 동적 진동기를 적용하여 각 모드에 증가된 감 쇠비를 구하였다. 제안된 제진장치 설치 구조물 감쇠비 추정법을 검증하기 위하여 수동형 제진장치로 카고메 점탄성 댐퍼를, 능동형 제진장치로 능동질량감쇠기를 구조물에 적용하여 각 제진장치에 의한 감쇠비를 추정한 결과 매우 정교하게 예측 가능함을 알 수 있었다.

The aim of this study was to identify the non-Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans bacteria grown on the tryptic soy-serum-bacitracin-vancomycin (TSBV) medium, an A. actinomycetemcomitans selective medium. A total of 82 unidentified bacterial isolates from the oral cavities of a Korean population were kindly provide by the Korean Collection for Oral Microbiology. All the clinical isolates were grown on TSBV medium and bacterial DNA purified from each isolate was subjected to PCR with universal primers specific for bacterial 16S rRNA genes (16S rDNAs) sequence. The each bacterial 16S rDNA was amplified by PCR and the nucleotide sequences of it was determined by the dideoxynucleotide chain termination method. They were identified by 16S rDNA sequence comparison method at the specie-level. The data showed that Neisseria spp. (42 strains), Fusobacterium spp. (10 strains), Capnocytophaga spp. (8 strains), Propionibacterium acnes (5 strains), Aggregatibacter aprophilus (4 strains), Campylobacter spp. (5 strains), Veillonella dispar (3 strains), Streptococcus sp. (1 strain), Haemophilus parainfluenzae (1 strain), Leptotrichia wadei (1 strain), Morococcus sp./Neisseria sp. (1 strain), and Staphylococcus sp. (1 strain) were identified. These results could be used to develop a new A. actinomycetemcomitans-selective medium which is more effective than the TSBV medium in future studies.

The purpose of this study was to isolate and identify bacteria from the 4 patients with non-odontogenic infectious lesions (mucormycosis, chronic inflammation from wound infection, and two actinomycosis) and determine their antimicrobial susceptibility against eight antibiotics. Bacterial culture was performed under three culture conditions (anaerobic, CO2, and aerobic incubator). The bacterial strains were identified by 16S rRNA gene (16S rDNA) sequence comparison analysis method. For investigating the antimicrobial susceptibility of the bacteria against eight antibiotics, penicillin G, amoxicillin, tetracycline, cefuroxime, erythromycin, clindamycin, vancomycin, and Augmentin® (amoxicillin + clavulanic acid), minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) measurement was performed using broth microdilution assay. Nosocomial pathogens such as Enterococcus faecalis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Bacillus subtilis, and Neisseria flavescens were isolated from mucormycosis. Veillonella parvula, Enterobacter hormaechei, and Acinetobacter calcoaceticus were isolated from chronic inflammatory lesion. Actinomyces massiliensis was isolated from actinomycosis in parotid gland. Capnocytophaga ochracea was isolated from actinomycosis in buccal region in anaerobic condition. There was no susceptible antibiotic to all bacteria in mucormycosis. Tetracycline was susceptible to all bacteria in chronic inflammation. C. ochracea was resistant to vancomycin and penicillin G; and other antibiotics showed susceptibility to all bacteria in actinomycosis. The results indicated that the combined treatment of two or more antibiotics is better than single antibiotic treatment in mucormycosis, and penicillin is the first recommended antibiotic to treat actinomycosis.

Plant breeding requires genetic diversity of useful traits for crop improvement. EMS-induced mutation is practiced to generate mutations at loci regulating economically important traits and/or to knock out the genes to elucidate their functions. The present study was aimed to induce mutations in a Korean local land race Capsicum annuum ‘Yuwol-cho’. This accession is pungent and also has advantage to mature early. A total of about 1,500 M2 families were screened and three non-pungent mutants were identified and crossed with wild type ‘Yuwol-cho’. After phenotyping of F2 population for pungency, MutMap approach will be used to identify the genes controlling the pungency in mutants. In addition to this, another C. annuum accession “Micro-Pep” was used to develop a mutant population. Micro-Pep is a small, pungent pepper generally used as ornamental purpose. Having compact growth habit, and small size, it has advantage to handle and utilize easily in mutation study and molecular research. On the basis of preliminary experiment 1.3% of mutagen was used for treatment of pepper seeds and 30% less germination percentage was observed in EMS treated seeds in comparison to control seeds. A total of 4,674 M1 plants are grown under greenhouse condition and M2 population will be studied for characterization of phenotypic variation including fruit color and pungency. Newly constructed mutant populations will be valuable assets for identification of functional genes and molecular breeding of pepper.

Totally, 26 collections, 17 from Korea and 9 from China, were investigated for their sequences of 5S rDNA, especially the non-transcribed spacers (NTSs). Sequences of 5S rDNA were isolated by PCR using the primers, 5s-rRNA1 and 5s-rRNA2. Genomic DNA PCR produced single amplification of 300, 330, or 350 base pair fragments. Sequence analysis revealed that all inserts contained the part of 5S rDNA gene sequence and the full length of the NTS region. Three different sizes of the fragments were confirmed due to different size of NTS and their length were 300bp, 330bp and 350bp, respectively. Among 17 Korean foxtail millets tested, 14 collections showed single 300bp amplification. Longest fragment amplification, 350bp, was obtained only from the foxtail millet from China origin, even though 2 of them include 300bp fragment. CLUSTALW multiple alignments of 26 foxtail millets clearly revealed 4 areas with certain degree of sequence heterogeneity (region I, II, III, IV). Among 4 boxed areas, foxtail millet genotypes from China have distinct insertion especially in region III. Five of them have extra insertion of sequence and their additional sequences were either 45 or 48 base pair. Three Korean foxtail millets have 32 bp insertion. Other 8 Korean collections have short insert sequences (6 to 8 bp), 3 with 8 bp and 5 with 6 bp. In addition to insert, deletion sequences were also confirmed as major deletion was observed in region II of Chinese collection. The size of deletion was 7 bp long. According to phylogenic tree constructed using MEGA4 program, clear grouping was not revealed. To obtain more convincing results various collections from many countries should be obtained and analyzed to distinguish different germplasm from different origin.

This study attempted to verify the possibility of using germ cell aspiration (GCA) method as a non-fatal technique in studying the life-history of equilateral venus, Gomphina veneriformis (Veneridae) and granular ark, Tegillarca granosa (Arcidae). Using twenty-six gauge 1/2" (12.7mm) needle, GCA was carried out in equilateral venus through external ligament. In granular ark, GCA was performed by preventing closure of the shells by inserting a tongue depressor between the shells while still open. The success rate of sex identification using the GCA method was 95.6% for the equilateral venus (n=650/680) and 94.3% for the granular ark (n=707/750). Mortality of equilateral venus, which spent 33 days under wild conditions, was 13.8% (n=90/650) while the mortality of granular ark, which spent 390 days under wild conditions, was 2.4% (n=17/707). Although we believe that GCA does not appear to cause death in equilateral venus or granular ark, the success rate in employing of this methodology may differ depending on the level of proficiency of the researcher and reproductive stage of the bivalve. This study concludes that GCA is a convenient non-fatal methodology, which can be employed to identify sex and investigate gonadal maturity in Gomphina veneriformis and Tegillarca granosa.

A species of facultative photo-organotrophic, purple, non-sulfur bacterium was isolated from the 47 point at west and south coast of Korea in September 2001. Separated 13 samples of changes with red color under 28～32 ℃, 3000 lux, anaerobe conditions for 7 days cultivated in basal medium. For pure isolation from 13 samples, we used agar-shake tube method (0.4 % agar) and separated 5 strains through 13-repetition test. EGH-24 and EGH-30 was identified as the same strain through the RAPD(Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA)-PCR of strain EGH-9, EGH-13, EGH-23, EGH-24, EGH-30. Four isolates cultivated in synthesis wastewater for wastewater biodegradation test. EGH-24 was selected with efficient wastwater treating strain. Based on the results obtained from morphology, nutrient requirements, major bacteriochlorophyll content, 16S-rDNA phylogenetic analysis, EGH-24 strain may be identified as a new strain of the genus Rhodobacter and named Rhodobacter sp. EGH-24.