Spent nuclear fuel (SNF) characterization is important in terms of nuclear safety and safeguards. Regardless of whether SNF is waste or energy resource, the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Specific Safety Guide-15 states that the storage requirements of SNF comply with IAEA General Safety Requirement Part 5 (GSR Part 5) for predisposal management of radioactive waste. GSR Part 5 requires a classifying and characterizing of radioactive waste at various steps of predisposal management. Accordingly, SNF fuel should be stored/handled as accurately characterized in the storage stage before permanent disposal. Appropriate characterization methods must exist to meet the above requirements. The characterization of SNF is basically performed through destructive analysis/non-destructive analysis in addition to the calculation based on the reactor operation history. Burnup, Initial enrichment, and Cooling time (BIC) are the primary identification targets for SNF fuel characterization, and the analysis mainly uses the correlation identified between the BIC set and the other SNF characteristics (e.g., Burnup - neutron emission rate) for characterizing. So further identification of the correlation among SNF characteristics will be the basis for proposing a new analysis method. Therefore, we aimed to simulate a SNF assembly with varying burnup, initial enrichment, and cooling time, then correlate other SNF properties with BIC sets, and identify correlations available for SNF characterization. In this study, the ‘CE 16×16’ type assembly was simulated using the SCALEORIGAMI code by changing the BIC set, and decay heat, radiation emission characteristics, and nuclide inventory of the assembly were calculated. After that, it was analyzed how these characteristics change according to the change in the BIC set. This study is expected to be the basic data for proposing new method for characterizing the SNF assembly of PWR.

오스트레일리아에서 외국인에게 중국어를 교육하던 중 한 교사가 “종이배 만들기”를 활동함으로서 학생들의 중국어에 대한 흥미와 관심도를 높였다고 한다. 홍콩에서도 이처럼 소수의 비화교 학생들에게 중국어 수업을 진행하면서 이루어지는 전지 활동은 가장 환영받는 교육 방법 중 하나이다.이전의 학생들은 그들에게 한자 쓰기는 자신들에게 마치 다른 별나라의 글자를 쓰는 것만큼 어렵다고 표현하였다. 그러나 우리는 학생들의 실제 과제를 통해 대다수의 학생들이 한자를 바르게 쓰고 있는 것을 발견할 수 있었다. 그렇다면 종이를 이용한 활동과 한자쓰기는 어떤 연관성을 가지고 있을까?

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of making an origami crane on the improvement of hand dexterity. Subjects composed of 20 normal adult males were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups of 10 people respectively. For the experimental group, a training of making an origami crane was conducted for 40 to 50 minutes a day during a 4-week training period. The control group was made to engage in everyday activities as usual. For pre and post assessment, Groove Pegboard test, Purdue Pegboard Test, and Jebsen Hand Function Test were used. The results on the effects of making an origami crane showed that there was a statistically significant difference in both the Grooved Pegboard test and Purdue Pegboard test(p＜.05). In the Jebsen hand function Test, a significant difference was found in handwriting and building pieces of chess(p＜.05), but there was no statistically significant difference in comparison with the right hand during the average performance of picking up small stuffs. The activity of making an origami crane for normal adults was confirmed to be helpful to improve the hand dexterity. Accordingly, making an origami crane is suggested to be an effective way to improve the hand dexterity.

In teaching a Putonghua lesson of the Chinese as a Second Language programme in Australia, I used the activity of folding an "Origami boat" that initiated students’ interest in learning origami. Similarly, in teaching Chinese to ethnic minorities in Hong Kong, origami is also the most popular activity. It is definitely a learning catalyt and stimulant. There was a student who described writing Chinese characters is as difficult as "alien culture", but in marking students’ work, it was found that many students can write Chinese characters correctly and neatly. Thus is there any relevancy between origami and writing Chinese characters? Chinese characters are square and the majority of origami projects uses square papers. The origami steps follow the basic form, with basic folds and symbols, according to a certain logical sequence to fold and combine. It will use the quadrilateral, triangle, rhombus, trapezoid, polygon, and other forms. Are there any similarities in the radicals, components and strokes of Chinese characters? This is what we need scholars to explore in depth.