Piracy poses a great danger to international security and peace. It is necessary for the international community and individual States to take actions to suppress piracy. Despite international cooperation and existing international antipiracy laws, the international community lacks an effective legal regime to suppress piracy. China has fundamental interests in fighting against piracy and has actively cooperated in accordance with the relevant UNSC resolutions. However, China’s domestic antipiracy laws are defective in their substantive and procedural aspects. Further efforts should be made at both the national and international levels in order to effectively suppress global piracy.

상표위조품과 저작권침해의 불법복제품의 문제에 보다 효과적으로 대응하기 위해 집행 분야의 국제적 기준 수립을 목표로 ACTA(Anti-Counterfeiting Trade Agreement) 협상이 진행 중이다. ACTA 중 민사집행(civil enforcement) 부분과 관련하여 저작물 이용허락을 받은 자가 침해정지 등의 가처분 신청 및 손해배상 청구를 할 수 있는지 여부, 임시의 지위를 정하기 위한 가처분 절차의 특징 및 저작권법상의 임시조치와의 대비, 침해로 인한 손해배상액 산정에 있어서 손해액 추정규정의 해석 및 재량적 손해액 인정규정의 적절한 운용 방안, 손해액 산정을 위한 증거자료 수집을 위한 문서제출명령 제도의 활용, 법정손해배상(statutory damages)의 도입 등에 관하여 살펴보았다. 그리고 한미 FTA(Free Trade Agreement) 중 지적재산권 집행 규정(Article 18.10 : Enforcement of Intellectual Property Rights)에 관하여도 검토하였다. 현재 우리나라의 실정법은 ACTA 협상에서의 논의 및 한미 FTA의 지적재산권 집행 규정의 이행에 아직 충분하지 못한 면이 있다.

Sea transportation has long been a vital component of the transport systems of the world. The great majority of imports and exports to and enlarge their national merchant marines. This effort is meant partly to arrest earlier trends of having their trade carried by ships from outside the region and partly to promote regional integration and improve the national balance of payments. However, sea transportation has been exposed to various types of threats on the high seas, in coastal waters and in port areas. Piracy is any robbery or other violent action, for private ends and without authorization by public authority, committed on the seas. Because piracy has been regarded as an offense against the law of nations, the public vessels of any state have been permitted to seize a pirate ship, to bring it into port, to try the crew(regardless of their nationality or domicile), and, if found guilty, to punish them and to confiscate the ship. Piracy has occurred in all stages of maritime history. The increased size of merchant vessels, the improved naval patrolling of most ocean highways, the regular administration of most islands and land areas of the world, and the general recognition by governments of piracy as an international offense resulted in a great decline in piracy in the 19th and 20th centuries. Piracy has, however, occurred in the 20th century, and the practice of hijacking ships has developed into a new form of piracy. The number of incidents of sea piracy against ships reported was 229 in 1997. Since 1991, 1,051 such acts have been reported. The purpose of this research is to examine the origin and development of the piracy to understand the current situation of such violence on the seas. In addition, what should be done by international community will be presented to prevent the piracy in the future.

The purpose of this paper is to analyze maritime piracy and its economic implications with particular attention to attacks registered in the Gulf of Aden, The paper also aims to investigate how the International community, along with Sovereign States, should allocate resources in order to make the seas a safer place and describe how closely inter-related maritime piracy, preventive and punitive measures put in place by Governments are. Elements of economics and ergonomics are taken into account in order to properly investigate the major legal issues relating to maritime security. The paper proposes a cost-benefit analysis in order to investigate in theory what is the rationale behind engaging in criminal behavior and recommend some solutions to the issue to be undertaken by the International community. It is concluded that in order to cost effectively fight piracy, a mix of more coordinated National and International laws, standardized and increased punishment levels among jurisdictions and extended patrol controls are needed.

The rising spate of piracy in Nigeria’s territorial waters has become a burden on the economic development of the country. It has adversely affected the exportation of crude oil, which is the mainstay of the country’s economy. Pirates target and hijack vessels carrying oil and gas, thus reducing the revenue accruable to the country from selling these resources. Piracy also affects the fishing industry which is another source of revenue to the country. Nigeria, as an import dependent country, relies on the importation of finished goods, and this is seriously affected by piracy. This study briefly examines the root causes of piracy in Nigeria. Further, the study interrogates the effects of piracy, identifies the challenges in the suppression of the crime and proffers suggestions toward suppressing the crime in the country. Against this backdrop, the study argues, among other things, that an expansive definition of piracy is key in the fight against this maritime crime in Nigeria, because the present legal regime is restrictive and limited in scope, thus, it does not reflect the modern piratical acts. More importantly, Nigeria must criminalise piracy in its domestic law in other to police its territorial waters, capture and prosecute pirates in its local courts.

This study is concerned with the applicable countermeasures for securing safety of ship from piracy attacks. For improvements and countermeasures, we analyzed the recent anti-piracy trends. In spite of international community's various activities for safety navigating, the number of piracy in Gulf of Aden and in the vicinity of Somali waters has been increasing dramatically in the last few years, so has the number of piracy on Korean vessels. In case of piracy attack which based on Somalia, it continues constantly and widely not only near shore, but coastal and oceanic waters. This study figures out the limitations of international community's efforts including military and legal improvements. There are no studies concerning the countermeasures of bridge protection by piracy. This study suggested the additional installation of outside door of bridge as well as the adjustment of piracy operation area(POA) of Korea navy.

해적행위는 오래 전부터 국제범죄로 인정되어 왔으며, 해적행위를 행하는 자는 인류공동의 적으로 간주되고, 국제관습법상 어떠한 국가의 군함 또는 정부명령을 받은 선박으로도 해적을 공해상에서 나포하여 자국항으로 연행해 처벌할 수 있다. 1982년 유엔해양법협약에서는 해적행위를 "사적인 목적을 위하여 민간 선박의 승무원 또는 승객이 공해상 또는 어떤 국가의 관할권 밖의 지역에서 다른 선박, 승무원 또는 재산에 대하여 자행하는 모든 불법폭력·구금 또는 약탈행위"라고 정의하고 있으며, 더 나아가 해적행위에는 그러한 행위를 의도적으로 조장 또는 선동하는 행위와 그 선박이 해적 선박임을 알면서도 그 선박의 운항에 자발적으로 참여한 행위도 포함된다고 규정하고 있다. 이러한 해적행위에 대처하기 위해 국제기구는 물론 우리나라 정부도 해적행위에 적극적으로 대처해 오고 있으나, 해적행위는 점점 흉포화 되고 있으며, 매년증가추세에 있다 따라서 이 논문은 해상에서의 안전한 선박운항을 확보하기 위해 형사법적, 사법적, 국제적 대응방안을 제시하는 것을 목적으로 하고 있다.