본 연구는 국립공원계획 타당성검토의 구역조정 기준과 방법을 한려해상국립공원에 적용하여 평가 하는 것을 목적으 로 하였다. 구역조정 대상지 도출에 이용되는 생태기반평가 결과 편입 검토가 가능한 생태기반평가 Ⅰ등급은 10.0%, Ⅱ등급 40.4%로 분석되었다. 해제 검토가 가능한 Ⅴ등급은 9.9%이었다. 편입 및 해제 적합성 평가 결과 편입대상 면적은 35.150㎢(육상 3.669㎢, 해상 31.481㎢)이었고 해제 대상 면적은 육상 0.071㎢이었다. 지자체와 지역주민이 공익상 또는 주민편의를 위해 공원구역 해제를 요구하는 곳에서는 총 면적이 변화되지 않는 범위 내에서 해제 검토가 가능하며, 이것을 상호교환이라 한다. 상호교환에 의해 결정된 해제 면적은 10.386㎢이었다. 이것은 해제 적합성 평가에 의해 도출된 면적의 146배에 달했다. 상호교환으로 해제되는 지역을 생태기반평가와 매칭한 결과 해제를 절대 할 수 없는 Ⅰ,Ⅱ등급에 해당하는 곳이 70.6%(7.321㎢) 이었다. 결과적으로 한려해상국립공원 타당성검토의 구역조정은 생태기반평가나 해제 적합성 평가 결과가 매우 제한적으로 적용되었음을 알 수 있었다. 또한 상호교환이 국립공원 계획 타당성검토 중 구역조정의 핵심이었다.

Jinhae is the oldest Western-style radial and grid city on the Korean Peninsula, and it also has the most defined structure to date, remaining largely unchanged and unlike any other in Korea. The Jinhae town plan was completed immediately after the signing of the Japan-Korea Treaty. Although the city of Jinhae was built by the Japanese, its overall organizational principle is clearly a radial-grid form that was established in the West. The Jinhae radial-grid planning was elaborately constructed with multiple layers of overlapping structures. It is the result of the application of geometry that creates symmetry and hierarchy in European countries, and the simultaneous consideration of road hierarchy and land form in the process of combining radial and grid forms. To reveal these points, four analyses are performed. First, the formation process of Western radial and grid streets is reviewed and compared to derive review points for Jinhae City. Second, the layout and geometric characteristics of radial streets are discussed. Third, the hierarchical characteristics and connections of grid streets are analyzed. The last part is a comparative analysis of the plan and the final realization.

이 글은 중국 징진지 협력발전이 계획되고 실천되는 과정에서, 역사·문화적 자원들 이 어떻게 활용되고 있는지 즉 중국의 문화정책과 공간정책이 연동되어 실천되는 양 상을 살핀다. 징진지 협력발전 계획은 베이징과 톈진, 허베이를 연조문화를 공유하는 동질적 공간으로 재구성했다. 특히 대운하, 장성, 서산 영정하라는 3대 문화벨트를 통해 세 지역을 베이징 중심의 동질적 문화기억의 공간으로 재구성하고 자연화한다. 한편 퉁저우를 부중심으로 건설하여 베이징의 행정 기능과 비수도적 기능을 분산한 다. 그리고 신도시 개발지구로 슝안신구를 지정한다. 이를 위해 중화문명의 태동·다 원적 문화통합·대외무역의 태동과 유산이라는 이미 소멸된 지역성을 재발굴하여 소 환하는 문화논리를 작동시킨다. 이 고유의 지역성은 국가 자긍심의 신장, 세계도시 건설이라는 슝안신구의 기획과 실천이 역사적 정당성을 획득하는 데 기여한다.

본 연구는 국립공원 재계획중 타당성조사 기준과 방법의 적절성 분석을 목적으로 하였다. 가야산국립공원, 설악산과 주왕산국립공원은 절대평가(제2차) 방법이 상대평가(제3차) 보다 ‘해제 대상’이 낮은 비율로 도출되었다. 제3차 평가방 법이 해제가능지역 10%라는 비율을 정해놓고 해제보다는 존치를 통한 공원면적 유지를 지향한 방법임에도 절대평가 방법이 결코 해제가능 지역을 더 많이 추출하지는 않았다. 연구대상지에 제2차와 제3차 생태기반평가를 적용했을 때 2011년 실제 해제지역이 나타나는지를 분석한 결과 제2차, 제3차 생태기반평가 모두 해제지역을 반영하지 못했다. 생태기반평가는 해제지역을 결정하는 중요한 의사결정 수단이 아닌 보조수단일 뿐이었다. 공원계획 타당성조사의 구역조정 중 해제는 외적 요소인 상호교환, 해제기준의 우선적용 등이 더욱 중요하게 작용함을 알 수 있었다.

PURPOSES : Construction cost estimates are important information for business feasibility analysis in the planning stage of road construction projects. The quality of current construction cost estimates are highly dependent on the expert's personal experience and skills to estimate the arithmetic average construction cost based on past cases, which makes construction cost estimates subjective and unreliable. An objective approach in construction cost estimation shall be developed with the use of machine learning. In this study, past cases of road projects were analyzed and a machine learning model was developed to produce a more accurate and time-efficient construction cost estimate in teh planning stage. METHODS : After conducting case analysis of 100 road construction, a database was constructed including the road construction's details, drawings, and completion reports. To improve the construction cost estimation, Mallow's Cp. BIC, Adjusted R methodology was applied to find the optimal variables. Consequently, a plannigs-stage road construction cost estimation model was developed by applying multiple regression analysis, regression tree, case-based inference model, and artificial neural network (ANN, DNN). RESULTS : The construction cost estimation model showed excellent prediction performance despite an insufficient amount of learning data. Ten cases were randomly selected from the data base and each developed machine learning model was applied to the selected cases to calculate for the error rate, which should be less than 30% to be considered as acceptable according to American Estimating Association. As a result of the analysis, the error rates of all developed machine learning models were found to be acceptable with values rangine from 17.3% to 26.0%. Among the developed models, the ANN model yielded the least error rate. CONCLUSIONS : The results of this study can help raise awareness of the importance of building a systematic database in the construction industry, which is disadvantageous in machine learning and artificial intelligence development. In addition, it is believed that it can provide basic data for research to determine the feasibility of construction projects that require a large budget, such as road projects.

유엔레바논평화유지군 예하의 해상임무단은 유엔의 평화유지임무 중 최초이 자 유일하게 해양에서 활동 중인 조직이다. 이 연구는 해상임무단이 수행 중인 위임명령에 근거를 제공하는 유엔 안전보장이사회 결의(이하 ‘안보리 결의’)들 을 종합적으로 분석하였다. 분석의 시간적 범위는 해상임무단이 임무를 시작한 2006년부터 2023년 현재까지이다. 특히, 이 연구는 해상임무단이 유엔의 군사계 획수립절차를 통하여, 개념적인 성격의 안보리 결의를 구체적인 군사작전으로 전환한 다음, 해양에서 이를 실제로 이행한 과정에 대하여 중점적으로 분석하 였다. 이와 같은 분석을 통하여 이 연구는 해상임무단의 활동이 2단계로 구분되는 것을 확인하였다. 2006년부터 2017년까지의 1단계에서는 해양작전의 체계를 확립하는 데 중점을 두었다면, 2018부터 2023년까지의 2단계에서는 레바논 해군 의 역량 강화가 해상임무단 활동의 주된 목표이다. 이와 같은 단계의 구분을 통하여 현재 해상임무단이 중점적으로 추진 중인, 임무단이 운용하는 함정의 척수를 줄이는 것은 2단계의 목표 즉, 레바논 해군의 능력을 강화하는 것과 연 결된 것임을 확인하였다. 그리고 이는 유엔레바논평화유지군의 전체적인 역량 이 감소되는 것으로 해석되어서는 안 된다는 논리에 타당한 근거를 제공한다. 한편, 해상임무단의 활동은 향후 해양에서 평화유지활동을 수행하게 될 조직 들에게 선행 사례로 제시될 수 있다. 특히, 이 연구에서 강조한 평화유지활동을 기획하는 과정에서 안보리 결의를 명확하게 분석하여 적용해야 한다는 점은 미 래 해양에서 실시하게 될 평화유지활동에 교훈을 제공한다.

General phases in the plan and implementation of an environmental remediation of radioactively contaminated sites are planning for remediation, site characterization, remediation criteria, remediation strategy, implementing remediation actions, and conducting post-remediation activities. Environmental remediation should commence with a planning stage. It is helpful to prepare reports which detail all the supporting activities related to these elements before significant levels of funds and efforts are committed. Site characterization is needed to provide sufficient data to make strategic decisions on the environmental remediation activities. The source characterization should include both waste characterization and facility or site characterization and should provide reliable estimates of the release rates of radioactive constituents as well as constituent distribution. During the preliminary site characterization, an engineering study should be conducted to develop remediation options which address the specific contaminant problem and are aimed to reduce radiological and chemical exposure. Options will include engineering approaches and associated technologies. A preliminary selection of options may be made based on several factors including future sites use, technical considerations, public acceptability, cost, and regulatory requirements. The implementation of remediation actions includes procurement of the selected technology, preparation of the site, development of a health and safety plan, development of operations procedures, staff selection and training, completion of site cleanup, verification, waste disposal, and release of the site for any future use. Once remediation activities have been completed and verified, the remediated site can be released for restricted or unrestricted use. Remediation of radioactively contaminated sites may require special adaptation to address sites covering very large surface areas or those which are deep and difficult to access. Quality assurance may be very important to the verification of environmental remediation activities. The selection of optimal remediation technologies to solve or mitigate the safety of an environmental contamination problem should be taken into account several factors. The several factors include performance (the ability of the technology to reduce risk to the health and safety of the public and to the environment), reliability and maintenance requirements for the technology, costs of implementing the technology, infrastructure available to support the technology, availability(the ease of accessing the technology and associated services), risk to workers and public safety, environmental impacts of the technology, ability of the technology to meet regulatory acceptance, and communication of stakeholder.

Recently, the nuclear decommissioning and environmental restoration industries has significantly attracted as a new industry field due to the decision to decommission the KORI#1 and WOLSONG #1 nuclear power plant. In order to dispose of the decommissioning radioactive wastes generated during nuclear decommissioning, proper analysis is required, and disposal decisions are determined based on the analysis results. When dismantling a nuclear power plant, a few thousand of tons decommissioning waste are produced, so these require analysis for proper disposal. Therefore, a radionuclide facility for decommissioning waste analysis is essential for the disposal of the large quantities of decommissioning waste generated during nuclear power plant decommissioning. Korea Research Institute of Decommissioning (KRID) was established radionuclide analysis facilities to address above issues and support nuclear power plant decommissioning projects. The plan is to perform classification by type and radionuclide for all waste produced during nuclear power plant decommissioning and to support the disposal of radioactive wastes. In addition, we plan to establish validation methods for samples where verification methods are not established, in order to conduct efficient analysis and management. In this presentation, we will introduce the radionuclide facility currently under construction at KRID and present the space design, equipment layout, and utilization plans.

본 연구는 K연구원의 상향식 R&D과제기획 차원의 신규 연구기획과제 선정 평가를 위한 평가도구 개발에 목적을 두고 진행하였다. 이를 위해 CIPP모형과 연구기획평가를 위한 선정평가 및 평가지표에 관한 선행연구를 중심으로 R&D과제기획 선정평가 항목과 문항을 개발 한 후, 2회에 걸친 델파이 조사를 실시하였다. 개발된 평가도구는 13명의 전문가를 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하여 내용타당도, 합의도 및 수렴도를 검증하였다. 최종 선정된 R&D과제기획 선정평가 도구는 8개 항목에 총 21개 문항으로, 상황평가 5 문항, 투입평가 2문항, 과정평가 8문항, 산출평가 6문항으로 구성되었다. 개발된 평가 도구는 상향식 기획 과정상의 문제점을 해소하고 연구자들의 기획역량을 제고하는 데 기여할 것이다. 또한, 선정 평가 시 평가에 대한 일관성과 효율성 제고에 기여할 것이다.

Promotion of brand-related sustainability initiatives (BSI) is a modern managerial issue, as BSI seems to impact not only sustainability but also consumer psychology toward a brand. In this regard, the author has extended self-congruity theory and suggested the concept of brand-sustainability-self-congruence (BSSC) as the image congruence of the triad comprising brand, BSI, and self-concept. Former surveys report predictive effects of BSSC on consumers’ brand evaluation, leading to increased brand equity (Kumagai, 2022, 2023).

Assertions in current academic research and practical discourse that promote agility reduce the importance or prominence given to organizational strategic planning. While firms today are required to become agile and thus quickly and timely respond to emerging market challenges, the strategic planning process is perceived as rigid, slow, and somehow obsolete and may contradict agility. These present practitioners with a dilemma regarding the relevance of planning in this era. This study examines the pertinence of strategy planning in this agile age and its effect on firms’ business performance. In addition, since the environment in which firms operate play a significant role in determining strategies, when maintaining strategic planning, organizations need to consider internal and external factors that may change the effect of planning on performance. Hence, the study also explores market scanning (an external condition) and fault tolerance climate (an internal condition) under which the relationship planning-performance varies. Based on a quantitative research, data from organizations, and insights from fit-as-moderation approach, a conceptual model and research hypotheses are designed and tested. Common and acceptable analysis methods were employed to test the hypotheses. Initial findings indicate that strategy planning should not be deemphasized in contemporary days since it is associated with better financial (e.g., sales growth) and nonfinancial (e.g., new customer acquirement) outcomes. Additionally, performance consequences of planning are dependent on firm external and internal conditions. While the positive planning-performance relationship is associated with higher levels of market sensing, it is negatively associated with higher levels of fault tolerance. The findings have well-timed theoretical and practical implications for the business and strategy literature. Managers considering the necessity of planning strategies should recognize its relevance and take into account contingencies examined in this research.

Promotion of brand-related sustainability initiatives (BSI) is a modern managerial issue, as BSI seems to impact not only sustainability but also consumer psychology toward a brand. In this regard, the author has extended self-congruity theory and suggested the concept of brand-sustainability-self-congruence (BSSC) as the image congruence of the triad comprising brand, BSI, and self-concept. Former surveys report predictive effects of BSSC on consumers’ brand evaluation, leading to increased brand equity (Kumagai, 2022, 2023).

Ship collision accidents not only endanger the safety of ships and personnel, but also may cause serious marine environmental pollution. To solve this problem, advanced technologies have been developed and applied in the field of intelligent ships in recent years. In this paper, a novel path planning algorithm is proposed based on particle swarm optimization (PSO) to construct a decision-making system for ship's autonomous collision avoidance using the process analysis which combines with the ship encounter situation and the decision-making method based on ship collision avoidance responsibility. This algorithm is designed to avoid both static and dynamic obstacles by judging the collision risk considering bad weather conditions by using BP neural network. When the two ships enter a certain distance, the optimal collision avoidance course and speed of the ship are obtained through the improved collision avoidance decision-making method. Finally, through MATLAB and Visual C++ platform simulations, the results show that the ship collision avoidance decision-making scheme can obtain reasonable optimal collision avoidance speed and course, which can ensure the safety of ship path planning and reduce energy consumption.

With the continuous development of science and technology, unmanned ship has gradually become a hot spot in the field of marine research. In practical applications, unmanned ships need to have long-range navigation and high efficiency, so that they can accurately perform tasks in the marine environment. As one of the key technologies of unmanned ship, path planning is of great significance to improve the endurance of unmanned ship. In order to meet the requirements, this paper proposes a path planning method for long distance unmanned ships based on reinforcement learning angle precedence ant colony improvement algorithm. Firstly, canny operator is used to automatically extract navigation environment information, and then MAKLINK graph theory is applied for environment modelling. Finally, the basic ant colony algorithm is improved and applied to the path planning of unmanned ship to generate an optimal path. The experimental results show that, compared with the traditional ant colony algorithm, the path planning method based on the improved ant colony algorithm can achieve a voyage duration of nearly 7 km for unmanned ships under the same sailing environment, which has certain practicability and popularization value.

본 연구에서는 도시공원 내 자연교육기능과 관련된 계획 지표들을 도출하고 해당 지표들에 대한 우선 순위를 분석함으로써 도시공원 계획 및 설계 시 실질적으로 활용될 수 있는 기초자료를 제시 해 보는데 가장 큰 목적을 두었다. 연구결과를 살펴보면 다음과 같다. 문헌분석 결과 도시공원의 자연교육 기능과 관련된 계획지표 16개를 도출하였고 다시 이용자 행동 지표, 동선지표, 식생지표, 지형지표, 공간지표 등의 상위 항목으로 분류하였다. 전문가를 대상으로 설문조사를 진행한 결과, 자연교육 필요도에 대하 여 응답자의 79.24%가 필요하다 답하였다. 도시공원의 자연교육기능 계획지표에 대한 계층분석 결과 상위 계획지표는 동선지표, 지형지표, 이용자행위 지표, 식생지표, 공간지표 순으로 중요하다는 결과 가 나타났다. 하위 계획지표는 친환경성, 지형 자연성, 표현욕구 충족, 지적욕구 충족, 협동 공간 순으로 나타났으며, 안내표지판 형식, 식생 풍부도가 가장 낮은 순위로 나타났다. 현재 도시공원에서의 자연교 육에 대한 연구는 자연교육 프로그램을 개발하는 것에 집중되어 있는 실정이지만 본 논문은 실제 사례 지를 선정하고 이를 대상으로 도시공원 내 자연교육기능 향상을 위한 방법론을 모색해 보았다는 점에 서 의의가 있다. 하지만 전문가들의 의견과는 달리 실제 공원을 이용하는 일반인들에 대한 설문분석을 포함하지 못하였다는 한계를 가지고 있으며, 향후 연구에서는 일반인들을 대상으로 설문분석을 수행 할 필요가 있다.

Establishing a ship's passage plan is an essential step before it starts to sail. The research related to the automatic generation of ship passage plans is attracting attention because of the development of maritime autonomous surface ships. In coastal water navigation, the land, islands, and navigation rules need to be considered. From the path planning algorithm's perspective, a ship's passage planning is a global path-planning problem. Because conventional global path-planning methods such as Dijkstra and A* are time-consuming owing to the processes such as environmental modeling, it is difficult to modify a ship's passage plan during a voyage. Therefore, the D* algorithm was used to address these problems. The starting point was near Busan New Port, and the destination was Ulsan Port. The navigable area was designated based on a combination of the ship trajectory data and grid in the target area. The initial path plan generated using the D* algorithm was analyzed with 33 waypoints and a total distance of 113.946 km. The final path plan was simplified using the Douglas–Peucker algorithm. It was analyzed with a total distance of 110.156 km and 10 waypoints. This is approximately 3.05% less than the total distance of the initial passage plan of the ship. This study demonstrated the feasibility of automatically generating a path plan in coastal navigation for maritime autonomous surface ships using the D* algorithm. Using the shortest distance–based path planning algorithm, the ship's fuel consumption and sailing time can be minimized.