The long-tailed goral (Naemorhedus caudatus) is classified as an endangered species in South Korea due to population declines driven by human development and habitat fragmentation. This study aimed to investigate genetic characteristics and microsatellite genotypes in long-tailed goral populations using fecal samples collected from Uljin and Samcheok regions, which are geographically important habitats for the distribution and dispersal of this species in South Korea. The mean expected heterozygosity (HE) and observed heterozygosity (HO) across 10 microsatellite loci were 0.600 and 0.461 for the Uljin population and 0.644 and 0.571 for the Samcheok population, respectively. These values indicate a moderate level of genetic diversity compared to other closely related species. Genetic differentiation between the two populations had a low level, while a moderate gene flow was observed. The genetic evidence obtained in this study suggests that these two populations share a similar genetic pool, resulting in a low level of genetic differentiation between them. Therefore, they should be considered as one continuous population. Results of this study provide fundamental data and valuable genetic insights for long-term management of the long-tailed goral population in Uljin and Samcheok regions.

Full spectrum fitting is a powerful tool for estimating the stellar populations of galaxies, but the fitting results are often significantly influenced by internal dust attenuation. For understanding howthe choice of the internal dust correction method affects the detailed stellar populations estimated from the full spectrum fitting, we analyze the Sydney-Australian Astronomical Observatory Multiobject Integral field spectrograph (SAMI) galaxy survey data using the Penalized PiXel-Fitting (PPXF) package. Three choices are compared: (Choice-1) using the PPXF reddening option, (Choice-2) using the multiplicative Legendre polynomial, and (Choice-3) using none of them (no dust correction). In any case, the total mean stellar populations show reasonable mass-age and mass-metallicity relations (MTR and MZR), although the correlations appear to be strongest for Choice-1 (MTR) and Choice-2 (MZR). Whenwe compare the age-divided mean stellar populations, theMZRof young (<109.5 yr ≈ 3.2 Gyr) stellar components in Choice-2 is consistent with the gas-phase MZR, whereas those in the other two choices hardly are. On the other hand, the MTR of old (≥109.5 yr) stellar components in Choice-1 seems to be more reasonable than that in Choice-2, because the old stellar components in low-mass galaxies tend to be relatively younger than those in massive galaxies. Based on the results, we provide empirical guidelines for choosing the optimal options for dust correction.

This study presents the results of mosquito surveillance monitoring in Chungnam Province from 2017 to 2020. A total of 130,750 mosquitoes were collected, and we analyze variations of mosquito populations with emphasis on the most abundant species. We also provide the field survey data based on the different habitats in Chungnam Province.

Pyrethroid resistance in cockroach populations has been a public health challenge since the 1950s. The pyrethroid resistance in the German cockroach, Blattella germanica, is primarily attributed to knockdown resistance (kdr) mutations (E434K, C764R, and L993F) in the voltage-sensitive sodium channel gene (vssc). In this study, the pyrethroid resistance state of the German cockroach in the Republic of Korea (ROK) was assessed by analyzing the frequencies of kdr mutations using one-step PCR with total RNA. The results revealed that among the 25 populations examined, 14 populations exhibited the L993F kdr mutation, while no other mutations were detected. Since other cockroach species are also commonly found in human dwellings in ROK, the vssc genes were cloned from four other species, including Blattella nipponica, Periplaneta americana, Periplaneta japonica, and Periplaneta fuliginosa. Based on the genomic DNA (gDNA) sequences obtained from the vssc cloning, primer sets were designed to amplify the vssc fragment spanning the L993F mutation for each species and used to monitor the development of pyrethroid resistance in cockroach populations in the ROK. The study will facilitate the implementation of a nationwide monitoring program to assess cockroach resistance and select suitable alternatives.

About 1 billion cases of vector-borne infectious diseases occur every year, of which more than 1 million is dead in worldwide. Japanese encephalitis and malaria continue to occur, and infectious diseases such as dengue fever being imported aborad have been increasing significantly due to the increasing number of overseas travelers in Korea. The Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency has established local centers to monitor pathogen vector population density related to chimate change at 16 locations. We collected 59,389 mosquitoes in traps at 36 collection sites in 30 urban regions and migratory bird habitats in 2023. The trap index was 34.6, and the predominant mosquito species were the Culex pipiens complex, Aedes albopictus, Armigeres subalbatus, Aedes vexans, and Ochlerotatus Koreacus. The mosquitoes were pooled into 4,371 pools to monitor flavivirus infection. In flavivirus dietection, no virus was detected.

복숭아혹진딧물(Myzus persicae)은 다식성으로 담배, 감자, 고추, 배추, 복숭아 등에 심각한 피해를 입히는 대표적인 농업해충이다. 본 연구에 서는 국내 복숭아혹진딧물 야외개체군의 λ-cyhalothrin, imidacloprid 및 flupyradifurone에 대한 약제 저항성 발달 수준과 점 돌연변이(R81T, L1014F, M918L)의 발생 여부를 확인하였다. 또한, qRT-PCR을 통해 사이토크롬 P450 유전자인 CYP6CY3 발현량을 확인하였다. 그 결과, λ -cyhalothrin은 저항성비(Resistance Ratio, RR)가 12개 모든 지역이 > 200으로 높은 저항성을 보였다. Imidacloprid와 flupyradifurone은 YS, UR, HY, 그리고 WJ 개체군에서 > 200의 저항성비로 높은 저항성을 나타냈다. R81T는 12개 집단 중 약 50%, L1014F는 약 33.3%, M918L은 100%에서 발현하였다. 또한 qRT-PCR을 통해 imidacloprid 저항성 개체에서 subunit CYP6CY3의 발현량이 높게 나타난 것을 확인하였다. 이러 한 결과는 M918L 점 돌연변이는 λ-cyhalothrin 저항성 진단마커로, R81T와 CYP6CY3의 높은 발현은 imidacloprid 저항성 진단마커로 활용이 가능하다는 것을 시사한다.