There is little information on the nutrient intake according to the city size and small town in Korean elderly. This study analyzed the nutritional consumption of older people in metropolitan, middle and small cities, and rural areas according to four income levels. The recent data from the 2016~2018 Korean National Health and Nutrition Survey, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention were used. The final analysis included 4,325 individuals (Male: 1,856, Female: 2,469) over 65 years old. Multivariable regression with a complex sample design was conducted to compare the nutrient intake among the groups. In a comparison within regions, the nutrition status of the elderly in small towns was more vulnerable than metropolitan and middle & small cities. The energy intakes were similar between the groups. The carbohydrate intake of middle & small cities was significantly higher than the other regions. The intake of other nutrients in metropolitan and middle & small cities appeared to be higher than in rural areas. The number of nutrients with statistical significance between low and high-income levels were 19 in metropolitan, 11 in middle & small cities, and 5 in rural areas. Each contribution of carbohydrate, fat, and protein to the total energy intake was lower in the low-income level than the high-income level in metropolitan and middle & small cities. On the other hand, in rural areas, only the contribution of protein to energy intake was lower in the low-income level than the high-income level. Cities with higher levels of urbanization had more severe nutritional inequality in relation to the income level. There was also nutritional inequality present in rural areas but it was to a lesser extent. Moreover, the generally low level of nutrient intake was problematic in rural areas. These findings could be used as fundamental evidence for developing community nutritional policies for the elderly.

The objective of this study was to investigate the health status and nutritional intake of the old population living in Soonchang, Jeollabuk-do, Korea. 69 subjects aged 65 years and older were recruited in July 2016. The WHR, was significantly higher in elderly male group than elderly female group (p<0.05), but both groups had abdominal obesity (0.85 and over). T-score mean of elderly male and female groups were below －2.5 mg/cm3 that they were osteoporotic. In the elderly male group, the higher concentrations of creatinine, homocysteine and uric acid were found to be significantly unfavorable factors (p<0.001, respectively). The blood vitamin D3 levels of elderly male group was significantly higher than that of elderly female group (p<0.05). The physical activity and self-rated health were significantly higher in elderly male group than in elderly female group (p<0.05, p<0.01, respectively). The nutrient intakes of male group were found to be significantly favorable factors than in female group. The score of mini nutrition assessment was significantly lower in elderly female group than in the elderly male group. These results could be useful to plan effective strategies to increase the health-life expectancy and the prevention of disease of Korean elderly people living in rural areas.

With the rapid development of the rural economy and vigorous promotion of energy-saving technologies, it is found through a field investigation that the new rural housing in the northeast of China shows new changes on green, energy-efficiency, health, comfort and beauty. The new rural housing mainly applied the technologies of composite energy-saving wall, double or three layers of glass energy saving windows and the roof benzene board insulation, heated in winter by Kang with the fuel of straw, corn stalks and other bio energy, which brings prominent energy-saving effect and the improved indoor environment significantly. The only or main function of the Kang is no longer the heating facilities in winter, but to play its unique benefits of comfort and health for sleep as a bed. the highlights of cultural traditions and customs in Cold rural area, the changes of the Kang are smaller and more exquisite. In the future, northeast rural housing should integrate the technolgies of residential structures, materials and kang further to promote rural sustainable development of society, economy.

With the rapid development of the rural economy and vigorous promotion of energy-saving technologies, it is found through a field investigation that the new rural housing in the northeast of China shows new changes on green, energy-efficiency, health, comfort and beauty. The new rural housing mainly applied the technologies of composite energy-saving wall, double or three layers of glass energy saving windows and the roof benzene board insulation，heated in winter by Kang with the fuel of straw, corn stalks and other bio energy, which brings prominent energy-saving effect and the improved indoor environment significantly. The only or main function of the Kang is no longer the heating facilities in winter, but to play its unique benefits of comfort and health for sleep as a bed. the highlights of cultural traditions and customs in Cold rural area, the changes of the Kang are smaller and more exquisite. In the future, northeast rural housing should integrate the technolgies of residential structures, materials and kang further to promote rural sustainable development of society, economy.

개혁개방 이후 일반 국민들의 수입이 지속적으로 증가되면서 사람들의 생활 방식에도 큰 변화가 발생하기 시작하여 정신생활과 심리 수요에 대한 증가로 전통적인 관광 모델은 이미 사람들의 다양한 수요를 만족시킬 수 없게 되었다. 그에 따라 자연과 시골로의 회귀를 주제로 하는 농촌관광이 형성되었으며 점점 더 많은 사람들의 사랑을 받기 시작하였다. 농촌관광의 발달에 따라 농촌여성들은 중요한 참여 자로서 점점 더 중요한 역할을 한다. 동시에 농촌관광의 발전은 농촌여성들의 각 측면에 커다란 영향을 미친다. 본 논문은 주로 농촌관광이 농촌여성의 정신건강에 미치는 영향을 연구하였다. 결과는 다음과 같다. 농촌관광에 대한 참여 과정에서 농촌여성의 정신건강이 향상되었다. 한 측면에서 농촌관광은 여성의 발전과 진보에 양호한 환경과 조건을 제공했으며, 여성은 농촌관광에 대한 참여 과정에서 혈연과 지연 관계를 심화하는 동시에 사회 교류 대상이 지속적으로 증가되고, 교류 공간이 확대되면서 농촌여성의 자존감 역시 크게 강화되었다. 다른 한 측면에서 취업 여성의 교육관, 소비관, 경쟁의식 및 소셜 참여 의식에 모두 적극적인 변화가 발생하였다.

본 연구는 원예활동 여가프로그램에 참여한 농촌지역 건강한 노인들의 정신건강 및 생활만족도의 변화를 살펴보고 그 효과성을 규명하고자 수행되었다. 연구의 대상자는 J시 K읍에 거주하며, 마을회관을 이용하는 60세 이상 노인으로, 2009년 1월에서 3월까지 연구자가 마을회관을 방문하여 프로그램에 대해 설명하고 이에 참여 동의 의사를 표명한 노인을 대상으로 주 1회 총 12회기의 프로그램 중 10회기 이상 프로그램에 참여한 노인들을 실험군으로 하고, 활동에 참여 하지 않은 노인들을 대조군으로 각각 20명씩 표집 하였으며 Mann- Whitney U-test, Wilcoxon signed rank test를 이용하여 그 효과를 통계 분석하였다. 결과에 따르면 원예활동 여가프로그램에 참여한 후 실험군이 대조군에 비해 정신건강과 생활만족도가 통계적으로 유의하게 높았고, 실험군에서 원예활동 여가프로그램 전에 비해 후에 정신건강과 생활만족도가 통계적으로 유의하게 높아졌다.