This study was conducted to examine the potential of surface enhanced laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (SELDI-TOF MS) to screen Tetranychus urticae resistance to pyridaben and dicofol. T. urticae is one of the most important pests in greenhouse and orchard, and huge expense is needed to control because of its strong resistance to acaricides. Consequently speedy and accurate monitoring of acaricidal resistance is the key factor of IPM for T. urticae. SELDI-TOF MS is a novel approach to biomarker discovery that combines two powerful techniques: chromatography and mass spectrometry. It can provide a rapid protein expression profile of acaricidal sensitive and resistant T. urticae. In this study we had different protein and peptide patterns between sensitive and resistant strains to pyridaben and dicofol. In the future this results could be a useful data to develop a good monitoring tool of site and host specific mite resistance to various acaricides.
Male cicadas produced species-specific calling songs to attract conspecific receptive females. Male cicadas typically occupy tree trunks or tree branches during calling song production. We studied calling site preference in four species of cicada: Cryptotympana dubia, Meimuna opalifera, Oncotympana fuscata, and Meimuna mongolica. Several males were observed to sing together in a tree in C. dubia, but males of other species tended to sing singly in trees. There were also cases in which two or three individuals of different species sang together in a tree. Species differed significantly in height of and distance to trunk from calling site. Both tree height and tree crown were significant factors for calling site preference. The height of calling site was the highest in C. dubia, followed by M. opalifera, M. mongolica, and O. fuscata. The distance to trunk from calling site in M. opalifera was the farthest and was significantly different from those of other species. Males of other species tended to sing close to tree trunks. Males of M. opalifera were mobile when they produced calling songs, whereas males of other species were stationary. That is, males of M. opalifera sang only for short periods of time and moved around adjacent trees. Segregation of calling sites suggests that these four cicada species occupy different sections of trees, thereby avoiding competition for calling sites.
Sorghum seed is traditionally used as secondary food sources in addition to rice in Korea. While the hypoglycemia regulating phytochemicals have been found in sorghum seed, peptides related with hypoglycemia never been studied before. To obtain the peptide characteristics and the specifically high-expressed peptides in hypoglycemic sorghum seed, peptide profiles of seven hypoglycemic and five nonhypoglycemic sorghum lines bred in RDA were determined using surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization time-offlight mass spectrometry (SELDI-TOF MS). The twelve sorghum lines exhibited 104 peptides on CM10 protein chip array (weak cation exchange) and 95 peptides on Q10 (weak cation exchange) in the molecular mass range from 2,000 to 20,000 Da. Heat map via supervised hierarchical clustering of the significantly different peptides (p < 0.01) in peak intensity among the 12 lines effectively revealed the specifically upregulated peptides in each line and distinguished between 7 hypoglycemic and 5 non-hypoglycemic lines. Through the comparison with hypoglycemic and non-hypoglycemic lines, 10 peptides including 2231.6, 2845.4, 2907.9, 3063.5, 3132.6, 3520.8, 4078.8, 5066.2, 5296.5, 5375.5 Da were specifically high-expressed in hypoglycemic lines at p < 0.00001. This study characterized seed peptides of 12 sorghums and found ten peptides highly expressed for hypoglycemic sorghum lines, which could be used as peptide biomarkers for identification of hypoglycemic sorghum.
초다수성 밀 계통의 프로테옴 분석에 의한 생태생리대사를 해석해 보고자 본 연구를 수행하였다. 초다수성 밀 계 통의 저분자 단백질 변화를 SELDI-TOF/MS로 CM10과 Q10의 두 단백질 칩을 이용하여 2kDa ∼ 15kDa의 범위에서 분석하였다. 저분자 단백질을 분석하여 검출된 단백질 결과는 CM10을 사용하여 총 106개, Q10을 사용하여 총 84 개의 바이오마커 가능성을 가진 단백질을 검출할 수 있었다. 총 190개의 저분자 단백질을 탐색하여 금강밀과 초다 수성 밀계통간의 단백질을 비교하였다. Q10에서 p < 0.01의 유의성을 가진 피크 클러스터들로 PCA 분석을 통해 3차원적 군집화하여 그 군집분포를 통하여 Q10에서 금강밀을 제외한 나머지 13GHW059, 78, 80, 143의 밀계통이 군집화되는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. CM10에서 p < 0.05, Q10에서 p < 0.01의 유의성을 가진 피크 크러스터들로 heat map한 결과 각 칩별로 CM10에서 2,182 kDa, 2,411 kDa, 2,542 kDa, 2,629 kDa, 2,775 kDa, 2,857 kDa, 2,964 kDa, 3,002 kDa, 3,511 kDa, 4,040 kDa, 4,379 kDa, 4,818 kDa, 5,479 kDa, 5,739 kDa, 6,257 kDa, 7,104 kDa, 7,988 kDa, 11,659 kDa, 16,404 kDa, 25,270 kDa 총 20개의 바이오마커를 찾았고, Q10에서 2,967 kDa, 3,831 kDa, 4,075 kDa, 5,374 kDa, 5,409 kDa, 5,424 kDa, 7,774 kDa, 8,161 kDa, 13,128 kDa, 16,336 kDa, 24,614 kDa, 25,162 kDa, 25,615 kDa, 25,917 kDa, 27,635 kDa 총 15개의 바이오마커를 찾아, 각 칩별 초다수성 밀 계통의 바이오마커를 유추할 수 있었다.
초다수성 밀 계통의 프로테옴 분석에 의한 생태생리대사를 해석해 보고자 본 연구를 수행하였다. 초다수성 밀 계 통의 저분자 단백질 변화를 SELDI-TOF/MS로 CM10과 Q10의 두 단백질 칩을 이용하여 2kDa ∼ 15kDa의 범위에서 분석하였다. 저분자 단백질을 분석하여 검출된 단백질 결과는 CM10을 사용하여 총 106개, Q10을 사용하여 총 84 개의 바이오마커 가능성을 가진 단백질을 검출할 수 있었다. 총 190개의 저분자 단백질을 탐색하여 금강밀과 초다 수성 밀계통간의 단백질을 비교하였다. Q10에서 p < 0.01의 유의성을 가진 피크 클러스터들로 PCA 분석을 통해 3차원적 군집화하여 그 군집분포를 통하여 Q10에서 금강밀을 제외한 나머지 13GHW059, 78, 80, 143의 밀계통이 군집화되는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. CM10에서 p < 0.05, Q10에서 p < 0.01의 유의성을 가진 피크 크러스터들로 heat map한 결과 각 칩별로 CM10에서 2,182 kDa, 2,411 kDa, 2,542 kDa, 2,629 kDa, 2,775 kDa, 2,857 kDa, 2,964 kDa, 3,002 kDa, 3,511 kDa, 4,040 kDa, 4,379 kDa, 4,818 kDa, 5,479 kDa, 5,739 kDa, 6,257 kDa, 7,104 kDa, 7,988 kDa, 11,659 kDa, 16,404 kDa, 25,270 kDa 총 20개의 바이오마커를 찾았고, Q10에서 2,967 kDa, 3,831 kDa, 4,075 kDa, 5,374 kDa, 5,409 kDa, 5,424 kDa, 7,774 kDa, 8,161 kDa, 13,128 kDa, 16,336 kDa, 24,614 kDa, 25,162 kDa, 25,615 kDa, 25,917 kDa, 27,635 kDa 총 15개의 바이오마커를 찾아, 각 칩별 초다수성 밀 계통의 바이오마커를 유추할 수 있었다.