This study was carried out to investigate the growth characteristics, yield and feed value of Sorghum×Sudangrass hybrid for silage according to the drainage depths in the paddy field of lowland. The experimental design was arranged in a randomized block design with four treatments and three replication. The drainage depths of four treatments were 0cm, 20cm, 40cm and 60cm, respectively. Plant length, leaf length and leaf number were not significantly different, but leaf width increased as the higher the drainage depth(p<0.05). The number of dead leaf was higher in the order of 60cm > 0cm ≥ 40cm ≥ 20cm treatment(p<0.05). Green degree was higher in the order of 20cm > 40cm > 0cm > 60cm treatment(p<0.05). Stem diameter and stem hardness increased significantly as drainage depth increased from 0cm to 60cm(p<0.05). Also, fresh yield, dry matter yield and TDN yield increased as the higher the drainage depth(p<0.05). Crude protein and TDN content were the highest in 40cm treatment(p<0.05). Crude ash was higher in the order of 20cm > 40cm > 0cm > 60cm treatment(p<0.05). ADF and NDF content were the highest in 0cm treatment(p<0.05). Total mineral content was higher in the order of 20cm > 0cm > 40cm > 60cm(p<0.05). Free sugar content(fructose, glucose and sucrose) was the highest in 0cm treatment(p<0.05). Total amino acid(EAA+NEAA) was higher in 40cm than the other treatments(p<0.05). There is a difference in the content of ingredients(crude protein, TDN, mineral, free sugar and amino acid) according to the treatments. But considering dry matter yield and TDN yield, Sorghum×Sudangrass hybrid cultivation is advantageous to set the drainage depth of about 60cm in the paddy field of lowland.

This study was conducted to assess the potential of using NIRS to accurately determine the chemical composition and fermentation parameters in fresh coarse sorghum and sudangrass silage. Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) has been increasingly used as a rapid and accurate method to analyze the quality of cereals and dried animal forage. However, silage analysis by NIRS has a limitation in analyzing dried and ground samples in farm-scale applications because the fermentative products are lost during the drying process. Fresh coarse silage samples were scanned at 1 nm intervals over the wavelength range of 680~2500 nm, and the optical data were obtained as log 1/Reflectance (log 1/R). The spectral data were regressed, using partial least squares (PLS) multivariate analysis in conjunction with first and second order derivatization, with a scatter correction procedure (standard normal variate and detrend (SNV&D)) to reduce the effect of extraneous noise. The optimum calibrations were selected on the basis of minimizing the standard error of cross validation (SECV). The results of this study showed that NIRS predicted the chemical constituents with a high degree of accuracy (i.e. the correlation coefficient of cross validation (R²cv) ranged from 0.86~0.96), except for crude ash which had an R² cv of 0.68. Comparison of the mathematical treatments for raw spectra showed that the second-order derivatization procedure produced the best result for all the treatments, except for neutral detergent fiber (NDF). The best mathematical treatment for moisture, acid detergent fiber (ADF), crude protein (CP) and pH was 2,16,16 respectively while the best mathematical treatment for crude ash, lactic acid and total acid was 2,8,8 respectively. The calibrations of fermentation products produced poorer calibrations (RPD < 2.5) with acetic and butyric acid. The pH, lactic acid and total acids were predicted with considerable accuracy at R²cv 0.72~0.77. This study indicated that NIRS calibrations based on fresh coarse sorghum and sudangrass silage spectra have the capability of assessing the forage quality control

This study was conducted to investigate the influence of the mixed application of chemical fertilizer (CF) and liquid swine manure (LSM) on the agronomic characteristics, dry matter yield, amino acids, minerals, and free sugars in cultivating Sorghum × Sudangrass hybrid (SSH) on paddy soil. The field experiment was designed in a randomized block design with three replications and consisted of CF 100% (C), CF 70% + LSM 30% (T1), CF 50% + LSM 50% (T2), CF 30% + LSM 70% (T3), and LSM 100% treatment (T4). The application of LSM was based solely on the nitrogen. Plant length, leaf length, leaf width and number of leaf were significantly higher in T4 (p<0.05), but stem diameter did not show significant differences among treatments. Stem hardness increased significantly (p<0.05) as the LSM application rate decreased, but sugar degree decreased significantly (p<0.05) as the LSM application rate decreased. Fresh yield, dry matter yield and TDN yield were the highest in T4, whereas the lowest in T2 (p<0.05). Crude protein, crude fat and crude ash were the highest in C, T4 and T2, respectively (p<0.05). However, NDF and ADF did not show significant difference among treatments. Crude fiber decreased significantly (p<0.05) as the LSM application rate increased. The total mineral content was decreased significantly (p<0.05) as the LSM application rate increased. Total amino acid content was higher in the order of T1> C> T3> T4> T2 (p<0.05). Free sugar content increased significantly (p<0.05) as the LSM application rate increased. The analysis of all the above results suggests that the application of liquid swine manure is very effective, considering the yield performance and the content of sugar degree and free sugar. In addition, liquid swine manure may be possible to grow Sorghum × Sudangrass hybrid without chemical fertilizer.

본 시험은 2012년부터 2013년까지 경북 성주에서 사일리지용 옥수수 후작 수단그라스간 교잡종 및 귀리의 파종기가 생육특성, 품질 및 수량성에 미치는 영향을 알기 위해서 실시하였다. 시험설계로 수단그라스는 파종기를 처리로 한 5처리 3반복 귀리는 파종기를 처리로한 3처리 3반복으로 배치하였다. 수단그라스의 파종기는 2012년과 2013년에 7월 31일부터 9월 10일까지 10일 간격으로, 귀리는 2013년 8월 20일부터 9월 10일까지 10일 간격으로 조파하였다. 수확은 2012년 10월 26일과 2013년 11월 2일에 하였다. 수단그라스의 출수는 3차 파종기까지만 되었고 귀리는 2차 파종기의 것만 출수 되었다. 초장과 건물함량은 파종기가 지연됨에 따라 감소되었다. 수단그라스의 DM 및 DDM 수량은 1차 파종기의 것이 다른 4파종기의 것보다 높았으며(P<0.05) 파종기 간에는 파종기가 지연됨에 따라 감소되었다(P<0.05). 귀리의 DM 및 DDM 수량은 1차 및 2차 파종기 간에는 차이가 없었으나 3차 파종기의 것이 낮았다(P<0.05). 수단그라스와 귀리의 CP 함량은 파종기 간에 다소 차이는 있지만 파종기가 지연됨에 따라 증가된 반면 ADF와 NDF의 함량은 감소되어 DDM 함량은 증가되었다. 본 시험의 결과에 의하면 가을재배 수단그라스의 파종시기는 8월 20일 이전 귀리의 파종시기는 8월 30일 이전까지 파종해야 수량측면에서 유리할 것으로 생각된다.

s study was carried out between November 2008 and October 2009 in the experimental farm of Chunnam National University to investigate the effect of feeding of Sudangrass silage on the reproductive performance of Hanwoo cows. Two diets, rice straw or Sudangrass silage separately from concentrate were fed 19 Hanwoo cows. In control group (=CON), cows (n=9) were fed 5 kg (/head) rice straw and 3 kg (/head) commercial diet. In Sudangrass silage group (=SGS), cows (n=10) were fed 12.5 kg (/head) Sudangrass silage and 1 kg (/head) commercial diet. 1. Days to post-partum insemination were 78.8±25.3 days for CON and 84.7±24.6 days for SGS group and days to post-partum conception in CON or SGS were 90.1±24.1 and 87.7±26.8 days, respectively. 2. Post-partum conception rates for first service in CON or SGS was 66.7% and 90.0%, respectively, and caving interval was 375.1±46.7 days for CON and 370.2±34.4 days for SGS group. 3. Body Condition Scores of Hanwoo cows at artificial insemination was 5.36 for CON group and 4.93 for SGS group.

The main nutritional problem of sorghum×sudangrass (sudangrass) silage is low quality and dry matter (DM) contents. This experiment was conducted to evaluate whether agricultural byproducts addition of sorghum×sudangrass silage increases DM content and forage quality of the silage. Sorghum×sudangrass silage with added byproducts had low pH values, however sorghum×sudangrass silage (control) had a high pH value because of its high moisture content. Silage added with byproduct had lower acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) contents than control silages, while its non-fiber carbohydrate (NFC), and total digestible nutrients (TDN) and lactic acid contents showed the opposite results. Silages added with crushed rice and green grain of rice were higher in lactic acid content than othor treatments as well as high DM, NFC, and TDN contents. Silage added with crushed rice and green grain of rice can be recommended as the most effective treatment for increasing forage quality and DM content of sorghum×sudangrass silage.

본 시험은 사일리지용 옥수수와 수수 × 수단그라스에 대해서 젖소액비 시용방법에 따른 작물생산성과 토양변화에 미치는 영향을 구명코자, 1996년 3월부터 1997년 11월까지 2년동안 축산기술연구소 사료작물 포장에서 수행되었다. 간장에 있어서 두 작목 모두 기비로 화학비료, 추비로 액비를 시용한 구(T4)가 각각 260cm와 246cm로 가장 길었다. 반면 엽장과 엽폭은 사일리지용 옥수수의 화학비료 표준구(T1)가 각각 85cm와 10.9cm로 가장 높았고, 수수 × 수단그라스에서의 엽폭에서는 T1, 엽장에서는 전량 액비시용구(T2)에서 높았다. 조단백질 함량은 두 작목 모두 화학비료표준구(T1)가 각각 6.5%와 8.9%로 높았지만, 가소화양분비율에서는 두 작목 모두 T3구에서 각각 73.8%와 59.0%로 높게 나타났다. TDN 수량에서 사일리지 옥수수의 경우, 화학비료구(9.5톤/ha)와 액비시용구(8.4~9.3톤/ha) 사이에서는 유의적인 수량차이는 인정되지 않았지만, 수수 × 수단그라스 교잡종구에서는 화학비료구(T1)의 12.6톤/ha 보다 기비로 화학비료, 추비로 액비를 사용한 구(T4)가 13.3톤/ha로 유의성이 인정되었다(p<0.05). 한편 토양중 pH는 두 작목 모두 시험전이 시험 후 보다 높았으며 유기물 함량은 시험 후에서 높은 경향을 나타내었다. 유효인산 함량과 다른 양이온 함량은 액비 사용방법에 따라 일정한 경향이 나타나지 않았다. 결론적으로 토양적인 면과 영양수량적인 면을 고려할 때 사일리지 옥수수에서는 화학비료구와 액비사용형태멸로는 차이가 없었으며, 수수 × 수단그라스 교잡종에서는 기비로 화학비료, 추비로 액비를 사용한 구가 우수하였다.

The main nutritional problem of sorghumxsudangrass hybrid (Sorghum bicolorxSorghum sudanese) silage is low quality and palatability. This experiment was conducted to evaluate whether organic com grain and crushed rice addition of sorghumxsudangrass hybrid silage increases forage quality of the silage. The sorghumxsudangrass hybrid silages with added com grain and crushed rice were similar to conventional corn silage in moisture content. However organic sorghumxsudangrass hybrid silage had low pH values. Silage added with gain and byproduct had higher crude ash, acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) contents than control corn silages, while its non-fiber carbohydrate (NFC) and total digestible nutrients (TDN) showed the opposite results. Lactic acid, butyric acid and lactic percentage oftotal organic acid (UT) of sorghumxsudangrass hybrid silages were higher than those of com silage, but acetic acid was higher than control. In vitro dry matter digestibi/ity (IVDMD) of com silage was higher than other sorghum silages. Feed intake of sorghumxsudangrass hybrid silage added with crushed rice was highest among silages. Therefore, these data indicate that crushed rice and com grain added sorghumxsudangrass hybrid silage could be recommended as the most effective treatment for increasing silage quality and palatability.