Copper, mainly used as a material for outer canister, generates various corrosion products under aerobic and anaerobic conditions in the operational and/or post-closure phases of the deep geological repository. These products could affect performance of engineering barrier system (EBS) through interaction with surrounding bentonite that makes up the buffer and backfill materials. Accordingly, in this study, we suggested research items to be conducted to minimize degradation of EBS due to copper corrosion products, based on the phenomenological review results for copper corrosion mechanisms and interaction between resultant product and bentonite in the deep geological disposal environment. During the post-closure phase, condition in the disposal facility changes form aerobic to anaerobic over time, and thereby, causes and products of copper corrosion vary. Under aerobic condition, copper corrosion is mainly induced by oxygen (O2) in the repository, chloride (Cl-) and carbonate (CO3 2-) ions from groundwater flowing into the facility, resulting in corrosion products such as cuprite (Cu2O), tenorite (CuO), atacamite (CuCl2·3Cu(OH)2) and malachite (Cu2CO3(OH)2). And, copper corrosion under anaerobic condition is primarily due to hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and sulfate (SO4 2-) in groundwater flowing into the facility, leading to formation of chalcocite (Cu2S) and covellite (CuS) as corrosion products. Depending on environment of the disposal facility, copper corrosion products are dissolved and ionized to Cu2+ in groundwater, and subsequently adsorbed on the nearby smectite. Then, it causes a cation exchange reaction with exchangeable cations in the interlayer of smectite. As a result of reviewing the previous experiments, it was confirmed that Cu2+-exchanged bentonite has a slightly reduced basal spacing and swelling capacity. From the results as above, there is a possibility that performance of EBS may be degraded due to copper corrosion products. To minimize its effect of degradation in the domestic facility, items to be further studied are as follows: (a) Method for reducing copper corrosion such as selection of appropriate material and structure for the canister, and (b) How to control dissolution of copper canister product into groundwater through predicting type and ionization process. The results of this study could be directly used to developing design concept of EBS for the domestic disposal facility and to establishing roadmap of future R&D programs.

In this paper, we summary known suggestion system which is useful a small and medium enterprise. We don't think suggestion system of a small and medium enterprise active. We reflect 2 points of suggestion system. We propose the Active Plan to Suggestion System for small and medium Enterprise which are (1) suggestion direction for enterprise future, (2) suggestion body for all employee included, (3) suggestion methods for all information shared.

본 연구는 효율적 비오톱평가를 위해 일반적으로 적용할 수 있는 평가항목 및 평가체계를 개발하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 지금까지 선행된 연구사례들을 비교 검토하여, 현실적 적용가능성이 높은 비오톱 평가 항목 및 평가체계(안)을 도출하고, 선정된 사례지역의 적용과 자문회의 등의 계속적인 피드백 과정을 통하여 효율적인 비오톱평가를 위한 평가항목 및 평가체계를 제안하였다. 첫째, 비오톱평가를 위한 항목으로는 자연성 및 헤메로비, 다양성, 면적, 고립성 및 연결성, 복원능력, 희귀성 등 6개 항목을 제안하였다. 둘째, 비오톱 평가체계는 1단계 평가인 전체 비오톱유형에 대한 평가와 2단계 평가인 개별 비오톱에 대한 생태적 보전가치평가로 구분한다. 유형평가단계에서는 자연성 및 헤메로 비와 다양성 항목을 중심으로 평가하고, 개별평가단계에서는 고립성 및 연결성, 복원능력, 희귀성 등과 같은 항목을 중심으로 평가할 것을 제안하였다. 그러나 비오톱평가는 지역의 특성이 고려되어야 하므로, 본 연구에서 제안된 평가항목 및 체계를 기반으로 하여 지역의 상황과 여건에 맞는 평가항목 및 지표들을 충분히 검토하여 선택하고 필요시 세부평가지표들이 추가 보완되어야 할 것이다.

Recently, product life-cycles are shortening faster than ever before, and companies with a suggestion system are in better position to overcome this shortening life-cycle and thus promote customer satisfaction. Suggestion systems, however, are not actively utilized on the production floors in many firms. This study showed that small-sized and medium-sized firms where a suggestion system is properly functioning by a strong will of top management are not many in Gangwon-do area. In considerable number of companies, a suggestion system is informally and spontaneously applied by the workers on the production floors not by company-wide systems. A suggestion system is required as a means of creating future value-added and it is a matter of course that the role of top management, together with middle-class managements' influence is quite important in the course of the successful application of it. A suggestion system, to be successful, calls not only individual efforts but also positive corporate cultures.

In this paper, we summary known suggestion system which is useful a small and medium enterprise. We don't think suggestion system of a small and medium enterprise active. We reflect 2 points of suggestion system. We propose the Active Plan to Suggestion System for small and medium Enterprise which are (1) suggestion direction for enterprise future, (2) suggestion body for all employee included, (3) suggestion methods for all information shared.

Lecture Evaluation system is an only way, so far, to evaluate the quality of lectures in our university and yet has several problems. This system does not have any effects on professors; however, it is rather used to threaten assistant professors and/or part-time/full-time lecturers. As a result, students are still dissatisfied with the unchanging lectures of professors. Generally speaking, We should consider new ideas to introduce a head teacher system or improve the lecture evaluation system to open doors wider for teachers, professors do their best to expand students' understanding by practicing the Lecture Evaluation System. In fact, it is hard to keep the objectiveness that the professors estimate the quality of professors. That is why this check list should be restricted only as a guideline among the system. After all, it is expected to bring better educational circumstances when the system functions properly to provide professors to research more.

An improvement activity is necessary for the existence strategy of the corporate. We search effective activities by the integration, implemention of the Quality Control Circlle and the Suggestion Activity System on the various improvement activity. Therefore, Each of the concept and step are surveyed. We output the commonness and the difference, and propose "The Suggestion Circle Activity" that is the new integration, improvement activity. activity.

This study designs RC frame specimens with existing brace retrofit system and conduct experiment. Using the resultant data, it try to analyze structural performance of the brace system and suggests preliminary data for new shape buckling-restrained braces.

본 연구는 스포츠심리상담사를 대상으로 그들의 상담경험, 가치, 태도를 조사하고 현재 시행되고 있는 자격제도를 평가하여 향후 바람직한 대안을 제시하기 위한 목적으로 수행되었다. 3차에 걸친 심층면접과 포커스그룹인터뷰를 위해 6명의 전문가와 10명의 2,3급 스포츠심리상담사가 참여하였고, 질적 자료의 객관성과 타당성을 고려하여 결과를 분석하였다, 나타난 결과 첫째, 스포츠심리상담사는 자기 동기에 의해 접근한 사람이 가장 많았고, 둘째, 내담자의 변화와 발전이 성공과 보람을 가져다주며, 물리적 어려움과 지도자의 코칭방법 등이 어려움 요소로 존재하였다. 셋째, 스포츠심리상담사들은 축구, 골프, 수영과 테니스, 육상 등 다양한 상담 사례를 만들어 가고 있으며, 종목 특성적인 심리기법과 노하우가 발견되었다. 넷째, 스포츠심리상담사는 인간적 수용과 공감, 경청, 지원자로서 역할 등 긍정적인 자세와 태도를 지녀야하며, 전문적인 능력과 동시에 많은 현장 경험을 쌓아야 한다. 다섯째, 사생활보호와 비밀보장 등 윤리문제와 경쟁자 상담제한 등 스포츠상담 특수한 문제도 도출되었다. 여섯째, 스포츠심리상담사들은 준비부족으로 인한 자신감 부족과 다양한 증상의 심리적 소진도 경험하였으며, 이를 극복하기 위해 동료관계, 휴식, self-training과 상담 받기를 하고 있었다. 기타 내용으로 상담비용, 상담시간, 집단상담의 효과 등도 언급되었으며, 마지막으로 스포츠심리상담사 자격제도의 문제점을 제기하고 몇 가지 제안 내용도 도출되었다. 이러한 결과를 토대로 다양한 논의가 이루어졌으며, 스포츠심리상담사에 관한 추가적이고 세부적인 연구도 제언하였다.