국가물류경제의 중축산업인 항만의 지속가능한 운영과 개발을 위해서는 인프라 확충을 통한 경쟁력확보와 더불어 대기오염, 수질 오염, 소음 및 생태계 파괴 등의 항만환경문제로 인한 지역커뮤니티와의 갈등해소가 더 중요한 요소로 부각되고 있다. 우리나라 부산 신항만 개발사업의 경우도 신항만 공사용 바다모래 채취로 인한 어민들과의 갈등 때문에 항만공사가 중단된 경험이 있으며, 그 주요 원인으로 현행 어업피해조사제도를 포함한 항만환경피해에 대한 정량적인 영향성 평가법의 부재와 한계라 할 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구의 주목적은 우리나라 항만의 지속가능한 항만운영 및 개발을 위한 효율적인 항만환경관리에 필수적인 정량적 환경영향성평가 방안의 제시에 있다. 이를 위해 국내 외 항만의 환경정책과 사례분석을 통해 전반적인 항만환경문제와 그 영향(피해)에 대해서 살펴보고, 피해를 입은 환경재와 서비스의 전체적 경제적 가치를 평가할 수 있는 경제적 가치평가법을 제시하였다. 제시된 방법론 중에서 부산 신항만 개발로 따른 정박지 지정으로 인한 해양 생태계 서비스 피해 사례에 대해 보다 과학적으로 추정할 수 있는 Habitat Equivalency Analysis(HEA)를 적용하여, 예시적인 피해액을 추정 하였다. 본 연구의 결과를 토대로, 제시된 항만환경피해에 대한 경제적 영향성평가방법론의 제도적 도입을 통하여 보다 효율적인 항만환경관 리방안을 제시하였다.

Purpose – During the past twenty years, China has developed rapidly in economy. Meanwhile China's economic development has brought great many problems. Sustainable development is to achieve coordination in the ecological, economic and social aspects. Among them, the environment and resource issues are the most critical issues which affecting sustainable development in China. With China's rapid economic development, China's ecological environment is facing the most serious threat in water pollution, air pollution, solid waste pollution and the destruction of forests and biodiversity, resulting in a significant loss of the national economy. This research aims to examine whether the tragedy of the commons has hindered the sustainable development of China's economy or not. On the other hand, we try to analyze a solution to improve this situation. Research design, data, and methodology – Theoretical background study, finding optimization models, and data analysis. Results – In the case of a clear definition of property rights, the air will have a market price. The market price will coordinate pollutant emissions. Conclusions – The tragedy of commons has hindered the sustainable development. The model of China’s Economic development should be changed.

본 연구의 목적은 고등학교 화학과 지속가능발전교육 프로그램을 개발하는 것이다. 화학과 교육과정과 ESD 선행 연구를 분석하여 내용요소를 추출하였다. 그리고 프로그램에 대한 아이디어를 발상하고, 교과서를 분석하여 프로그램에 대한 아이디어를 구체화하였다. 그 다음 화학과 ESD의 연계 가능성을 평가하여 ‘오리엔테이션’, ‘안전’, ‘물’, ‘에너지’, ‘건강’ 총 5가지 주제의 프로그램의 주제를 선정하였다. 그 후에 교과서를 분석하여 교수-학습과정안의 형태로 프로그램을 구성하였다. 마지막으로 전문가의 교차검토를 통하여 타당성을 검증한 후 프로그램을 수정 및 보완하였다. 이 프로그램은 교육 현장에서 많이 활용할 수 있도록 차시를 보완할 수 있는 형태로 구조화하였다. 이 프로그램을 통하여 학생들로 하여금 화학이 지속가능발전에 이바지할 수 있는 과목이라는 인식을 갖고, 나아가 자신이 이러한 분야에서 활약할 수 있다는 의지를 가지는 데에 도움을 줄 것이다. 또한 화학을 배우는 학생들이 화학-환경-경제-사회의 상호관계를 폭넓게 이해할 수 있도록 도와줄 수 있다.

The aim of this study is to evaluate the possibility of improvement quality of a city inhabitancy and comfort creation in a daily life in an environment of population in developing cities by reconstruction an existing engineering - architectural building and a construction and creations of new intellectual architectural projects.

세계가 단일 공동체화 되어가는 과정에서 경쟁 단위로서의 국가 개념보다는 지역을 중심으로 한 글로컬리즘(glocalism)경쟁이 심화되고 있으며, 이러한 지역 간의 경쟁은 다양한 마케팅을 통해서 차별화된 지역만의 이미지를 만들고 있으며 그 배경에 공공디자인이 있다고 할 수 있다. 마을공동화 현상이 심화되는 지역의 재생, 다양한 계층과 문화가 복합적으로 교류하는 지속가능한 공간을 만들어 사회적 문제를 해결하고, 삶의 환경을 구성하는 다양한 공공시설물, 지역경제 활성화와 활기찬 이미지의 창출을 통한 마을 경쟁력 강화의 방안으로 그 지역의 정체성을 반영한 공공디자인 역할에 대한 중요성이 강조되고 있다. 이러한 지역의 정체성을 공공디자인을 통해 지속가능한 마을 만들기에 적극 활용함으로서 새로운 이미지 창출, 즉 다른 지역들과 차별화되는 그 마을만의 조형과 정신, 지역 활성화로 모든 사람들에게 공감을 얻을 수 있다. 지속가능한 마을 만들기는 공공디자인을 통해 지역공동체 활성화로 마을이 살아나고 정주민의 삶의 질이 향상되는 가장 중요한 목적을 갖고 있으며, 마을의 공공공간과 주민의 유기적인 관계 속에서 세심하게 실행되어야 하며, 가장 중요한 것은 그 지역의 정체성이 반영되어 정주민의 삶과 함께 하는 디자인이 되어야 한다.

This study compares and contrasts the Wales and England Organic Action Plans (WOAP and EOAP) and a Korean regional Life-Food Development Plan (KLFDP) in order to facilitate the development of the organic sector in Korea. Early action plans, for example, the first WOAP (1999) focused support on developing the supply of organic products whereas later action plans focused on marketing and consumer. OAPs may not only provide specific issue-solving roles by proposing new policy measures but also perform a regulatory role as a controller for organic sector development as a whole. The current KLFDP seems to stick to the former role but hardly has the latter role such as setting priorities， harmonizing various conflicting p이ïcy measures and factors and performing evaluation process for further progress. To secure better harmonized and sustainable development of Korean organic farming sector, constructing comprehensive national-Ievel organic action plan, which has policy developing, implementing, regulating, evaluating and evolving functions, might be the most efficient choice.

Re-visitation have an effect on dependent variables of regional tourism demand model. This study focused on the re-visitation impacts of consideration on sustainable tourism development of tourists as a new factors of tourism. Based on literature reviews, 11 variables were selected, a questionnaire survey was given to 406 tourists divided into 5 tourism sites at Chuncheon city, and logit model and probit model were used for analysis. The fitness levels of two models were very significant(p=0.0000). The study results suggest that the likelihood of the rural tourist to make a return visit is influenced by recognition of sustainable tourism, purchase of souvenir and farm produce, visitation of regional shops, conversation with regional residents, residents' participation on development, age and marriage. The results of such re-visitation demand can provide information for regional development strategies. The approach to re-visitation research impacts of consideration on sustainable tourism development is expected to become a useful foundation in studying on sustainable regional development.

Maize (Zeae mays L.) is a second important crop in the country and it is first staple food in high land region. The national average yield is 2.2 t/ha. About 80% maize areas falls in this region. An introduced fungus Gray Leaf Spot (GLS) caused by Cercospora zeae-maydis has caused yield loss an average of 75%. Genetic resistance has been effective control strategy to manage this disease. The main objectives of this work were to develop, evaluate and identify high yielding cultivars tolerant to GLS. Three sets of trials were conducted in Nepal and Korea. GLS evaluation trial-I consisted of 73 genotypes, GLS evaluation trial-II composed of 38 genotypes and mid altitude hybrid evaluation trial-III consisted of 12 genotypes. Exotic, semi exotic and local germplasm of different origins were used. Among these tested genotypes, tolerant genotypes were Thai 717S31-21-3×[TZMi407 × TZMi211-11- 2-1-1-B-B-B-B-B (5.2t/ha), Pioneer12 × MASynVAR-5 F2 (5.0 t/ha) and MA SynVAR-5 F2 × Thai 919 S3 4-5-4 (4.7t/ha) with GLS mean score 2.7, 1.5 and 1 respectively in trial-I. In trial-II, superior genotypes were KYM33 × TZi3 (7.6t/ha), KYM33 × TZi18 (7.5 t/ha) and KYM33 × P45 (7.4 t/ha) with GLS scores 1.4, 2.4 and 2.5 respectively. Similarly in trial-III, high yielding genotypes were MASynVAR-5 (11.0t/ha), and TZMi407×87036- 9-1-1-1-B-B-B/TZMi102×90113-5-3-2-2-B-B-B-B (9.8t/ha). These hybrids and their parents will use to introgress resistant genes to breed better tolerant maize cultivars for Nepal.

This study is to integratedly examine coastal management policy and marine tourism development project for Korean coasts, especially for the South Sea of high development pressure, presenting sustainable tourism development policies for the future. To do so, it is examined central government-level coastal development projects set up by the Ministry of Culture and Tourism, the Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries and the Ministry cf Construction and Transportation, setting the direction of south coastal management and tourism development at a level of national territory planning. The problems of coastal management first and then the problems of the South Coast Tourism Belt Project are analyzed in order to present political and administrative alternatives. To overcome such problems and make Korea a marine tourism base in East Asia, there is a need for re-recognition of the value of the project and its continuous push through cooperation between central and local governments. Also, under the presupposition of consensus building among local people and the sustainable development of environments, there should be are-recognition that the future cf Korean marine tourism in the 21st-century and the success of an inverted π-axis national development depend on the South coastal Tourism Belt Development Project.

지속가능한 발전의 개념은 국제적으로 개발과 환경의 보전의 논쟁의 중심이 되고 있으며, 수자원 개발과 관리는 이들 논쟁에서 가장 중요한 부분을 차지하고 있다. 지속가능한 발전의 많은 개념이 제시되고 있지만 수자원 분야에서는 그 실행이 미비한 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 지속가능한 수자원개발과 관리에 대한 개념을 정립하고 이를 평가할 수 있는 지표에 대해 알아보았다. 또한 국내실정에 맞는 지표를 개발해 국내 수자원의 지속가능성을 평가하였으며, 국외에서 개발된

This study aims to suggest a rural village development policy considering tourists' stay pattern and villages' resources which can be infrastructure for green-tourism. For this purpose, a relationship table between amenity resources and the stay pattern was developed as a guide line to combine a set of several facilities fer village renewal. The amenity resources system was classified into three sub-classes(social, industrial, and natural/cultural/historical resources) and a relationship diagram between three classes and tourists' behavior was also defined. The table and diagram were applied to make renewal plan for 40 rural villages of the study area, Bukmyun, Cheonan, Chungnam province, so that the development scheme for the villages was suggested reasonably by the new findings of this study.

This study intends to review the sustainable agriculture and rural development concepts and practices and to present their directions toward better rural planning. Review of related literature including use of available documents and field visits both in Korea and overseas countries are two main methods of data collection with no quantitative analysis. Before sustainable (rural) development was fashionably used in the 1990s in the world, sustainable agriculture and other similar terminologies such as organic farming, alternative agriculture, low-input sustainable agriculture, natural farming, and environment-friendly farming are considered important in the academics as well as In action. The significant relationship between farmers' engagement in sustainable farming and their participation in voluntary social organizations is evidenced, so that it might be said that sustainable agriculture be the basis of sustainable rural development. Whether in sustainable agriculture or in sustainable rural development, the sustainable rural economy is considered more important toward better rural planning both in Korea and in the world.

A macroeconomic minimodel was simulated to analyze the effect of global exchange on the Korea's economy. The simulation results illustrate some of the consequences of public policy and some insight into current world problems. All computer simulation runs made under various conditions suggest that the Korea's system in the near future may be strongly influenced by the favorable availability of outside resources, while the national power and assets may be declined by indigenous environmental stock depletion. The borrowed capital allows the temporary money stock to increase and the national assets to grow faster and a little higher, as using up the environmental resources more quickly. Later, when the debt is paid off, the foreign exchange holdings may not go so high. For the environmentally sound and sustainable development, over 75% of total economic production should be invested to the natural resource management. Therefore, the economic structure of Korea should be transferred from the present industrial structure to social-economic structure based on ecological-recycling concept.

Sustainable development has been the key concept, both in economic policies and in environmental management. On the basis of an systems ecology perspective, this study suggests the sustainable development of Korea's natural environment and economic activity using the EMERGY evaluation. The total EMERGY use(7,730 E20sej/yr) in Korea is 81 percent from imported sources, fuels and goods and services. The ratio of outside investment to attracting natural resources is already large, like other industrialized countries. Continued availability of purchased inputs at a favorable balance of EMERGY trade, currently about 2.85 to 1 net EMERGY, is the basis for present economic activity and must decrease as the net EMERGY of purchased inputs including fossil fuels goes down. EMERGY yield ratio and environmental loading ratio were 1.23 and 20.30, respectively. The population level is already in excess of carrying capacity. Its carrying capacity for steady state on its renewable sources is only 2.2 million people, compared to 45.9 million in 1997. EMERGY sustainability index is therefore less than one, which is indicative of highly developed consumer oriented economies. Until now the development of a country has been achieved by the economic growth, but it can be sustained in the long run by the use of renewable resource systems, the efficiency of energy usage, and the transformation of the social-economic structure based on an ecological-recycling concept.

Sustainable development has been the key concept, both in economic policies and in environmental management since 1970s. In the view of systems ecology, sustainable resource use strategies are considered to be essential in achieving sustainable development. During the last three decades, the discipline of systems ecology has applied ecological energetic analysis to the evaluation of the contribution of natural environments to economic systems. EMERGY analysis of main energy flows driving the economy of humans and life support systems of a city was made including environmental energies, fuel, and inputs, all expressed as solar emjoules. Total EMERGY use of Pusan was 3.89 E22 sej/yr, about 90 percent of it was purchased sources from outside during eleven years from 1985 to 1995. EMERGY flows from the environment were less than 10 percent. EMERGY yield ratio and environmental loading ratio were 1.10 and 10.45, respectively. EMERGY sustainability index is therefore less than one, which is indicative of highly developed consumer oriented economies. Development of a city has been achieved in the short run by the economic growth, but it can be sustained in the long run by the use of renewable resource systems.

Pusan has experienced some different paths of urbanization and industrialization compared to other cities, and has faced the problem of over-saturation in environmental capacity. Pusan needs to find out sustainable development strategies based on Agenda 21 by UNCED in 1992 to secure urban renewal. Therefore, Pusan`s sustainable development strategies focus on the 1)research on environmental capacity and reasonable population accommodation 2)supply of basic environmental facilities for the human settlement 3)protection and efficient management of environmental pollution 4)saving and control of energy and other resources 5)independent and stable execution of plan based on biological relation 6)harmony between nature and urban spatial organization. In addition, these policies can be suggested along with the conclusions; First, establishment of green plan-middle and long term environmental goals included in the urban planning to reduce environmental deterioration and pollution. Second, computation of sustainability index-the index is necessary to sustainable urban development, which is related with green GNP of the national level. Third, capacity estimation of nature and social environment-estimation of environmental capacity to the civilized area is required become an ecopolis, and is required to focus on the western area of Pusan which has high degree of potentiality.