To address the English proficiency of underachieving college students, universities often use in-house language tests. C University lacks specific exams for identification, and relies on students’ English performance in the Korean College Scholastic Aptitude Test (CSAT English). This research explores the potential of the TOEIC Bridge, a standardized English proficiency test developed for middle and high school students, to provide an effective, practical measure for screening underachieving students in English. The study investigates the relationship between TOEIC Bridge and CSAT English performance, evaluating the predictive value of TOEIC Bridge on CSAT outcomes. Analyzing data from 418 students, the study identified (1) a moderate correlation between TOEIC Bridge and CSAT English performance, and (2) predictability of CSAT English performance based on TOEIC Bridge, suggesting that TOEIC Bridge can provide a potential tool to identify underachieving students in English. These findings contribute pedagogical insights for tertiary education.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of ‘individual coaching’ and ‘L2 learning experiences’ on TOEIC learning among low proficiency learners. Among the 194 college students who received classroom coaching, the 23 students who scored 2 to 6 (out of 25) on Simple TOEIC 1 were given three individual coaching sessions. The effect of coaching was quantitatively proven through the independent samples t-test conducted on the scores of Simple TOEIC 1 and Simple TOEIC 2 between the individual coaching mixed group and the classroom coaching only group. The more individual coaching participants had different types of L2 learning experiences, the more their English achievement improved. In contrast, students who participated in classroom coaching only saw their academic performance decline. During individual coaching, participants who improved their English language achievement had positive learning experiences and feelings (confidence), while those who did not improve their grades experienced negative learning experiences and feelings. The clearer each participant’s learning goals (ideal L2 self) were, the more specific and continuous learning was possible, which was linked to improved English language achievement. Qualitative data from individual coaching sessions revealed the reasons for some participants’ academic success or failure.

This study investigated the impact of 26 EFL college students’ familiarity levels with the visual information of TOEIC listening test items on test scores and test performance procedure. Data collected measured students’ degree of familiarity with the visuals via a pre-test and their listening test scores, and responses to the post-test questionnaire were analyzed. To analyze the data, one-way ANOVA was conducted to locate the interdependency between the students’ familiarity levels with visuals and their test scores. Results found that there was no statistically significant differences in test scores regardless of the students’ levels of familiarity with the visuals. Additionally, the correlations between the familiarity with the visuals and the students’ test scores were low. However, the students experienced difficulties with unfamiliar visuals while taking the test. These findings indicate that, although test-takers’ familiarity with visuals does not predict their listening test scores, there is a need to tailor the visuals when developing listening test-items.

Advertisement allows for multimodal access to sounds, colors, picture animations, and diverse symbols. Little research has reported the interrelationship among multimodality, discursive practice, and media effects in English language education. This study aims to conduct a multimodal approach to discourse analysis on the Test of English for International Communication (TOEIC) in TV advertisements and to explore the unique significance of the research methodology. The multimodality in three TV Ads (A, B, C) was investigated by referring to Halliday's systemic functional grammar, social semiotics’ visual grammar, and typography’s distinctive features. Royce’s intersemiotic complementarity was also employed as an analytic framework for the collected multimodal data from three domains (representational, interpersonal, and textual/compositional) of meaning-making schemes. It was found that different modes (language, typography, visual image) acted complementarily and efficiently to deliver the message of TOEIC: problem-solving ‘skill’ in A, financial 'support and return’ in B, and ‘AI database’ in C. Further research is also discussed, especially with regard to ‘critical’ approaches to multimodal discourse studies.

The purpose of this study was to examine the impacts of AI-integrated MALL on Korean students’ TOEIC preparation, by comparing with AI-integrated CALL. A total of 496 freshmen students participated in this study. They were arbitrarily assigned to AI CALL (n = 190), AI MALL (n = 164), and the control (n = 132) groups. During a 2021 academic semester, the two experimental groups studied TOEIC through computers or mobile phones, integrated with AI technology. The control group was taught by a human teacher, in a traditional classroom setting. Before and after the treatment, TOEIC listening and reading tests were administered. Paired samples t-tests and one-way ANOVAs, were used to analyze collected data. Findings show that all groups significantly increased listening and reading test scores. Group comparison results show that the AI CALL group outperformed the control group for both tests. This group also outperformed the AI MALL group for the reading test. Based on this, pedagogical implications are invaluable

Scores from TEPS (Test of English Proficiency developed by Seoul National University) and TOEIC (Test of English for International Communication) are widely used in Korea for various purposes, including employment, admission, and certification. However, there is more than one score conversion relationship between these two tests, causing confusion among test takers. Moreover, the conversion relationships were established in 2004 and 2011 and have not been updated since then. With this background, a large-scale score comparability study was undertaken to develop a new score conversion table for TEPS and TOEIC. Data were collected from a total of 1,415 test takers using a single group design. Log-linear presmoothing and equipercentile methods were used for linking, with cross validation across subgroups. Results showed that the old conversions were disadvantageous to a certain test-taker group. A new conversion table between the two tests is then suggested.

This study aims to examine whether CEFR-based CELA can be presented as a placement test for TOEIC. Data collected from 1,142 college freshmen who participated in both tests were analyzed to determine: 1) how hypothetical levels of a CELA score differed from existing TOEIC levels; 2) if there was any significant correlation between test scores and final grades; and 3) how native English professors viewed CELA as a placement test. The analysis revealed that CELA did not perform better a placement test than TOEIC. It did not have a higher correlation with the final grade either. However, the fact that CELA is more aligned with the content and objective of the English course and that most native English professors consider CELA more suitable as a placement test can be seen as positive factors supporting it to replace the existing placement test. Results of this study if curriculum and student levels are different.

The study investigated the individual coaching effect on TOEIC learning among college students. The participants were the 145 college students in Incheon who had taken TOEIC reading comprehension classes for two semesters. Two series of simple TOEIC tests were executed to measure the students’ English proficiency on the first day of each semester. Individual coaching was conducted through counseling and learning guidance for 25 students with the lower scores (3~7 points out of 25 based on the first simple TOEIC test). Among them, eight students participated in the in-depth interview at the beginning of each semester. When comparing the simple TOEIC test results of the two groups, the difference between the averages of the two groups was clear only with regard to the first semester. The t-test showed no proven statistical differences in the second semester outcomes. The results of paired-sample t-test on the change in the simple TOEIC scores before and after individual coaching in the individual and class coaching mixed group was also statistically verified. Individual coaching in this study was to find an appropriate learning process for the students with low language fluency, and it took place for a relatively long time. The interaction between the students and the professor in individual coaching created a special rapport between them.

This case study investigated the changes of four Korean English major college students’ motivation and interest in TOEIC studying based on qualitative research method. Semi-structured interviews were conducted once a month for six months. Interest is a unique motivational variable with affective and cognitive domains together including interactions between persons and their objects wheres motivation is more broad, psychological and overlapping concept compared with interest. The results showed that the participants expressed the strong instrumental and extrinsic motivation for TOEIC studying while they confessed the intrinsic motivation for English learning. However, some participants had both extrinsic and intrinsic motivation on TOEIC studying as time went by. The participants’ strong perceptions on TOEIC in Korea were strongly related with situational interest in TOEIC or TOEIC studying. The participants’ interest in TOEIC studying was triggered as they improved the TOEIC score. However, one participant showed the expiration of interest in TOEIC studying right after achieving a high TOEIC score, but his interest in potential English studying was triggered.

The present study investigates and identifies the types of grammar errors that 84 Korean EFL (KEFL) learners made when they took the TOEIC Speaking test part five and compared the results with the previous studies. The 84 undergraduates participated and two native speakers of English analyzed the data. The data were classified into the taxonomy of four surface strategies: omission, addition, misformation, and misordering. Errors of omission were the highest consisting of 74.9%, followed by those of misformation at 19.9%, addition at 3.5%, and misordering at 1.7%. The findings had a difference from the previous studies adopted for comparison. The error frequencies were very different from those observed in writing, or interview tasks in the previous studies. Errors of misformation were the highest, followed by those of omission. This difference was considered to be caused by the short test taking time, and the task itself. The KEFL learners were unlikely to try to correct their errors within the limited time since very few self-corrections were observed in their spoken answers. This study suggests that explicit grammar instruction and correction are needed to teach speaking.

TOEIC continues to be an important test in Asia and TOEfC preparation classes are as popular as they have ever been. Little research has been done, however, to determine the most effective ways to help students prepare for this test. This study sought to analyze the impact of explicit TOEIC instruction when supplemented with Silent Sustained Readi ng (SSR) and an online vocabulary learning program. Four combinations of these practices were tested: ( I) explicit instruction supplemented by online vocabulary instruction, 2) a combination of explicit instruction, SSR and online vocabulary practice, 3) explicit instruction supplemented by SSR, and 4) expli cit instruction on ly. Total time for instruction and practice were kept constant among the four groups. Due to between-group differences on pre-test TOEIC scores, an ANCOVA analys is was used. On total TOEIC scores, all groups made sign ificant and statistically eq ual gains. However, on an analysis of the reading portion of the TOEIC resu lts, group 2 (combination of explicit instruction, SSR, and online vocabulary practice) outperformed group 4 (exp licit practice only group). The author concludes that the combination of all three practices had a synergistic effect on the reading portion of the test and led to superior gain s.

The purposes of this paper are to report the English proficiency of Korean university students through TOEIC test, and to suggest feasible ways to improve their communicative competence. A total of one thousand and forty-two sophomore students who took the Practical English course participated in this study. The data based on TOEIC scores were analyzed and the major findings revealed that: (1) Although students had slightly higher scores on the written language sections than on the spoken language parts, they had the lowest scores in the grammar section; (2) The total listening comprehension scores were significantly correlated with the total reading scores; (3) There was a high positive correlation between students’ proficiency level and their scores; (4) Multiple regression analysis showed that part 3 (short conversations) influenced significantly on the total listening part, while part 6 (grammar) had a significant effect on the total reading part. In conclusion, these findings contribute to the emerging picture of what constitutes a successful language learner by proposing a more refined model based on Willis’. In conclusion, the results of this study offer several suggestions for language teaching professionals as providers of effective instruction of communication strategies for enhancing the development of communicative competence.

본 연구는 모의TOEIC 듣기성적과 성별에 따라 영어듣기학습자가 듣기학습에서 사용한 듣기전략의 차이점과 영어듣기학습에서 사용한 듣기전략과 성별이 모의TOEIC 듣기성적에 어떻게 영향을 미치는가를 알아보기 위한 것이다. 이를 위하여 연구 설문을 Oxford(1990)의 듣기학습전략 중, 모의TOEIC 듣기전략에 알맞은 45개의 항목으로 구성하였다. 모의TOEIC을 치른 강원도 원주 소재 대학교의 남녀 대학생학습자 107명을 대상으로 설문을 실시하였다. SPSS 23 프로그램을 이용 하여 신뢰도, 빈도분석, 평균비교, 상관관계, 회귀분석을 실시하였다. 연구의 주요결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 모의TOEIC 듣기성적 Level Ⅱ집단이 Level Ⅰ집단보다 기억전략, 인지전략, 상위인지전략, 보상전략, 정의적 전략을 더 많이 사용하였고, 집단 간 통계적으로 유의미한 차이가 나타났다. 둘째, 남자대학생학습자가 여자대학생학습자보다 정의적 전략을 제외한 기억전략, 인지전략, 상위 인지전략, 보상전략 등을 많이 사용하였다. 그러나 보상전략을 제외한 나머지 전략들에서는 통계 적으로 성별에 따른 유의미한 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 셋째, 성별은 모의TOEIC 듣기성적과 상관 관계를 가지지 못하였다. 넷째, 영어듣기학습에서의 듣기전략의 사용은 모의TOEIC 듣기성적과 상관관계를 가지고, 특히 인지전략과 보상전략의 사용은 모의TOEIC 듣기성적에 많은 영향을 미쳤다.

본 연구는 대학생 학습자들이 TOEIC 듣기평가에서 사용하였던 듣기전략의 남녀별 사용정도 의 차이를 살펴보았다. 이를 위하여 연구의 설문을 Bacon(1990)의 듣기학습전략을 참고로 하 고, Oxford(1990)의 듣기학습전략 중, TOEIC 듣기전략에 알맞은 28개의 항목으로 구성하였다. 설문을 2015년도에 모의 TOEIC을 치른 대학생 107명(남학생 25명과 여학생 82명)을 대상으로 설문을 실시하였다. SPSS(Statistical Package for the Social Science) 23 프로그램을 이용하여 대학생 남녀별 듣기전략의 사용정도 차이를 살펴보기 위하여 빈도분석을 구하였고 평균비교를 위해 평균과 표준편차를 구하였다. 그리고 TOEIC 성취도 집단 간의 평균의 차이를 검증하기 위하여 t-test(검증)를 실시하였다. 28개 항목에 대하여 기억전략, 인지전략, 보상전략, 상위인 지전략 그리고 정의적 전략 모두에서 상위집단과 하위집단을 가리지 않고 남자의 듣기전략별 사용정도가 여자보다 상대적으로 높았지만, 전략별 선호도의 순서도 비슷하였다. 다만 세부적 전략별로 남녀 간의 선호도의 차이가 있었고, 정의적 전략의 경우에는 하위집단에서 여자의 사 용정도가 남자보다 높았다.