We compared the reproductive performance, non-productive performance, and milk composition performance of two groups of lactating cows that were either rice straw or tall fescue. We also compared and analyzed these parameters after the first parturition during the breeding period. The calving interval, artificial insemination, and duration from calving to conception were longer in the rice straw group than in the tall fescue group. The 305-day and peak milk yields were significantly higher in the tall fescue group than in the rice straw group (p<0.01). Milk fat content was significantly higher in the tall fescue group than in the rice straw group (p<0.001), but milk protein content was the same between the feeding groups. The difference in raw milk sales income between rice straw and tall fescue groups tended to increase as the number of lactations increased, but there was no effect of reduced feed costs. Analysis of the milk production and raw milk sales income of the surveyed farms revealed that the average milk production per head was significantly (p<0.05) higher in the tall fescue group than in the rice straw group, and raw milk sales income showed a similar tendency. Overall, these results provide important details to be considered when selecting feed as a way to reduce milk production and heifer raising costs. However, there remains a need for future follow-up studies exploring the relationship between feed choice and the management of heifers.

Given the recent increases in feed cost, the demand for rice straw has been increasing on dairy farms because it is cheaper than expensive imported forages. Therefore, it is necessary to study the effect of rice straw feeding on the growth and productivity of dairy heifers. This study compared how feeding tall fescue and rice straw affects the growth, age at first calving, and feed cost of heifers. we compared the growth, age at first calving, and feed cost for each group during the breeding period. Body height was higher in the tall fescue-fed group than in the rice straw-fed group (p<0.05). The length of the growing stage was significantly shorter in the tall fescue group than in the rice straw group (p<0.001) and the age at calving also showed a significant reduction in the tall fescue group compared to the rice straw group (p<0.001). However, the feed cost was lower in the rice straw group because of the difference in the unit price of forage (p<0.001). Based on these results, during the growing period, the rice straw group had delays in growth and the age at first calving compared to the tall fescue group, but also had reduced feed costs in the short term.

Pasture formation and management are crucial to avoid yield reduction. This experiment aimed to examine the effects of tall fescue-centered mixed-seeding combinations on yield and vegetation changes in perennial pastures in the central region for two years, from September 2020 to October 2022. The treatments were arranged in three replications in a randomized block design: control (C), tall fescue-based mixture-1 (T-1), and tall fescue-based mixture-2 (T-2). The tall fescue (TF), orchard grass (OG), perennial ryegrass (PRG), Kentucky bluegrass (KBG), and white clover (WC) were used. The emergency rate of grasses (70.0 to 73.3%) did not differ among mixed seeding combinations. Overwintering rates (81.7 to 83.3%) were similar among treatments. The plant height of grasses was similar at each harvest date, with the highest height (86.2 cm) recorded in the second harvest of the first year, followed by that (58.4 cm) in the third harvest of the first year; it was least (38.9 cm) in the fourth harvest of the second year. There was no significant difference in the dry matter yield of grasses among the mixed seeding combination treatments in the first, third, or fourth harvests of the first year (p>0.05). For second-year grasses, dry matter yield was not significantly different in harvest date among the treatments (p>0.05). Based on mixed seeding ratio, orchard grass showed the highest yield at 70% in the C treatment, followed by tall fescue at 80% and 60% in the T-1 and T-2 treatments, respectively, in the first harvest after seeding. There was no significant difference in feed value between treatments (p>0.05), but a significant difference was observed between the third and fourth harvest (p<0.05). Therefore, it indicated that it is important to create perennial pastures in the central region through mixed seeding combinations centered on tall fescue.

본 시험은 사료가치가 우수하고 엔도파이트에 감염되지 않은 톨 페스큐 신품종을 개발하기 위하여 2010년부터 2017년까지 농촌진흥청 국립축산과학원 초지사료과에서 수행되었다. 톨 페스큐 신품종 ‘그린마스터4호’는 6배체 품종으로서 잎은 녹색이며, 출수기가 5월 16일경으로서 대비품종인 ‘Fawn’ 보다 5일 늦은 중생품종이고, 출수기에 초장은 74.6cm 정도이다. 지역적응시험 4개 지역평균 건물수량은 ‘그린마스터4호’가 16.2톤/ha로서 대비품종인 ‘Fawn’보다 5% 많았으며, 지역별 생산성이 4개 지역 모두에서 ‘Fawn’보다 우수하였다. ‘그린마스터4호’의 사료가치는 조단백질(CP) 함량이 15.2%, 건물소화율(IVDMD)이 70.0%, 가소화양분총량(TDN)이 63.6%, 중성세제불용섬유(NDF)가 58.7%, 산성세제불용섬유(ADF)는 32.0%로서 Fawn보다 높거나 대등하였다. ‘그린마스터4호’는 엔도파이트에 감염되지 않는 품종이면서 ‘Fawn’보다 국내 기후환경 적응성과 영속성이 우수하여 초지조성에 알맞은 품종으로서 우리나라 전국에서 재배 가능하다.

Arabidopsis nucleoside diphosphate kinase 2 (AtNDPK2) is an upstream signaling molecule that has been shown to induce stress tolerance in plants. In this study, the AtNDPK2 gene, under the control of a stress-inducible SWPA2 promoter, was introduced into the genome of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) plants. The induction of the transgene expression mediated by methyl viologen (MV) and NaCl treatments were confirmed by RT-PCR and northern blot analysis, respectively. Under salt stress treatment, the transgenic tall fescue plants (SN) exhibited lower level of H2O2 and lipid peroxidation accumulations than the non-transgenic (NT) plants. The transgenic tall fescue plants also showed higher level of NDPK enzyme activity compared to NT plants. The SN plants were survived at 300 mM NaCl treatment, whereas the NT plants were severely affected. These results indicate that stress-inducible overexpression of AtNDPK2 might efficiently confer the salt stress tolerance in tall fescue plants.

This study evaluated the effect 3 types of conditioning (Untreated, Impeller, Roller) and the number of times for tedding (rake-teder) performed in one day on the drying rate of tall fescure hay. The experiment was performed at The forage site of Cheonan-si seongwhan-eup National Institute of Animal Sciencee. It took 3 days to make tall fescue hay. The Impeller and Roller conditioning types shortened the haymaking period by 1 day compared to untreated hay. Impeller and roller samples had less than 20% of water content by the 23rd-day at 13 o’clock. Tedding frequency failed to affect haymaking. There was no correlation between the three types of conditioning or tedding frequency and acid digestible fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), total digestible nutrients (TDF), crude protein (CP), or relative feed value (RFV) in tall fescue hay. CP was 12.5~12.9% for the three types of conditioner with 1 or 2 times of tedding a day, Threrfore, conditioner types and gedding frequency had no significant effect on CP.

This study was carried out to determine the effect of mixed pasture using domestic varieties orchardgrass ‘Kodione’ and tall fescue ‘Purumi’ on forage yields and botanical composition from 2013 to 2015 in middle region of Korea. The following mixed pastures were used in this study: treatment A (orchardgrass oriented mixture with imported varieties), treatment B (orchardgrass oriented mixture), treatment C (orchardgrass and tall fescue oriented mixture), treatment D (tall fescue oriented mixture), treatment E (tall fescue oriented mixture without orchardgrass), treatment F (only orchardgrass), and treatment G (only tall fescue). In botanical compositions at last cutting time in 2015, treatment A had orchardgrass at 7.1%, tall fescue at 47.9%, kentucky bluegrass at 15.2% and white clover at 25%. Meanwhile, treatment B had orchardgrass at 25.9%, tall fescue at 47.0%, kentucky bluegrass at 4.9% and white clover at 18.3%. Consequentially, in botanical composition from 2014 to 2015, treatment A was changed more compare to other treatments B, C, D and E. The average of dry matter (DM) yield for 2 years of treatment E (18,369 kg/ha) was the highest among the seven treatments, but there was no significant difference among other treatments except treatment A (p>0.05). The crude protein (CP) and in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) of treatment A were 14.5% and 74.8%, and treatment E were 14.1% and 73.0%, respectively. The content of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) were lower in treatment E and A than other treatments, and treatment E showed high content of total digestible nutrient (TDN). Therefore, tall fescue oriented mixture using domestic tall fescue variety Purumi had good forage productivity, quality and botanical composition in middle region of Korea for the establishment of grassland.

This experiment was designed to assess the physical and chemical properties of growing media substituted with a range of increasing concentrations of pretreated wood and to relate these properties to plant growth responses. For preparing the growing media, each material was combined with rural soil, peat, perlite and pretreated wood. Physicochemical properties studied were similar to ideal substrate ranges for plant growth on growing media, including pretreated wood. Physical properties were also well maintained over time. In comparison to plants growing in 100% rural soil, tall fescue(Festuca arundinacea) in the prepared growing media achieved better growth, especially when using the 50% rural soil + 50% PPW(peat + perlite + pretreated wood, 3:1:6(w/w/w)) and 30% rural soil + 70% PPW (peat + perlite + pretreated wood, 3:1:6(w/w/w)), and showed improved germination percentage. We confirmed the potential use of growing media, including pretreated wood. Furthermore, our results show a correlation among the physicochemical properties of tall fescue(Festuca arundinacea); physical properties were significantly influenced by germination and aerial parts. The root length of physicochemical properties was correlated with bulk density and organic compound (p<0.01).

본 연구는 근적외선분광법을 이용하여 우리나라에서 재배되고 있는 목초류 중 외형적 특성이 유사한 이탈리안 라이그라스, 페레니얼 라이그라스와 톨 페스큐 종자의 초종 판별 가능성을 검토하고자 수행되었다. 근적외선분광기를 이용하여 목초류 종자를 가시파장 대역대(680~1,099 nm), NIRS 파장 대역대(1,100-2,500 nm) 및 NIRS 전체 파장 대역대(680-2,500 nm)로 구분하여 스펙트라를 얻은 후 1차 미분과 8 nm gap으로 수 처리를 수행하였으며 부분최소자승(PLS) 회귀분석법을 통해 초종판별 검량식을 개발하고 판별 정확성을 검증하였다. 목초류의 초종판별 정확성은 가시파장대역에서 SECV 1.732, R2CV 0.96으로 가장 판별 정확성이 낮았으며 NIRS 전체 파장대역에서 SECV 1.182, R2CV 0.98로 가장 높은 판별 정확성을 나타내었다. 파장대역별 예측 정확성은 NIR 파장대역(1,100-2,500 nm)에서 교차검증오차(SECV) 1.319에서 예측 오차(SEP) 1.288로 낮아졌으며 가시영역대(680~1,099)는 SECV 1.732에서 SEP 1.749로 약간 높아졌다. Discrimination equation 분석법에 의한 NIRS 전체 파장대역별 목초류 초종의 판별 결과는 초종간에 판별 정확성의 차이가 크게 나타났으며 이탈리안 라이그라스의 ‘Hits’는 68%로 가장 낮았으며 페레니얼 라이그라스가 78%의 정확성으로 가장 높게 나타났다. 따라서 NIRS를 이용한 목초류 초종의 판별분석이 가능할 것으로 판단되었다.

국내육성 톨 페스큐 신품종 푸르미의 종자생산 기술개발과 채종짚의 사료가치 평가를 통해 국내에서 종자생산 체계를 확립하고자 국립축산과학원 초지사료과 시험포장에서 휴폭과 이른 봄 질소 시용량에 따른 종자생산성을 조사하였다. 휴폭 및 이른 봄 질소 시용량에 따른 주요 생육특성은 처리에 따른 차이는 나타나지 않으나 경제성을 고려한 국내육성 톨 페스큐 푸르미 품종의 종자생산성은 휴폭을 15 cm와 이른봄 질소시비량을 90 kg/ha로 처리하는 것이 2톤 이상 안정적인 종자생산을 할 수 있었다. 또한 휴폭이 좁을수록 이삭수 및 종자수량이 높게 나타났으며 이삭의 길이는 휴폭이 넓을수록 더 길었다. 채종종자의 첩립중은 약 2.2g, 발아율은 90% 내외로 나타났다. 휴폭 및 이른 봄 질소 시용량에 따른 채종짚의 생산성은 휴폭이 좁을수록 건물생산성이 높았으나 시비량간에는 일정한 경향이 없었다. 채종후 남은 1차 수확 채종짚은 평균 6,920 kg/ha 생산되었고, 채종 후 2번의 수확에서 건초는 평균적으로 8,134 kg/ha 생산되었다. 채종짚의 일반 조성분 함량은 양질의 건초보다는 다소 낮은 사료가치를 나타내었다.

본 연구는 오차드그라스와 톨 페스큐 혼파초지에서 비축 시기별(8월 1일, 15일, 30일) 으로 처리하여 11월 중순경(11.10∼11.12)에 수확할 때 목초의 비축시기에 따른 생산량과 목초의 사료 가치 등을 비교하기 위해 수행하였다. 목초 비축시기에 따른 오차드그라스와 톨 페스큐 혼파초지(동량 혼파초지)의 건물수량은 8월하순구가 2,983.0kg/ha으로 가장 높은 경향을 보였다. 목초의 비축시기가 늦어짐에 따라 목초의 생산량도 증가하였으나 유의성이 인정되지는 않았다. 조사료의 조단백질은 16.5∼18.16%으로 목초 비축시기별로 일정한 경향을 나타내지 않았다. NDF와 TDN는 비축시기가 늦을수록 증가하는 경향을 나타내었으나 유의성이 인정되지는 않았다. 반면에 ADF 비율은 목초 비축시기가 감소함에 따라 점차 감소하는 것으로 나타내었으나 유의성이 인정되지는 않았다. 무기물의 변화는 비축 기간이 증가할수록 P, Ca, Mg, Na, Zn이 증가하였고 반면에 Mn, Cu는 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다. 결과적으로 8월 초순부터 초지를 비축할 경우 고온으로 인한 생육 위축으로 목초의 수량증가는 기대하기 어렵다. 따라서 제주도에서 가을철에 활용하기 위한 초지를 비축할 경우에는 8월 하순 이후에 시작하는 것이 바람직할 것으로 사료된다.

본 시험은 엔도파이트 프리 톨 페스큐 신품종을 개발하기 위하여 2008년부터 2014년까지 농촌진흥청 국립축산과 학원 초지사료과에서 수행되었다. 톨 페스큐 신품종 ‘그린 마스터2호’는 6배체 품종으로서 잎은 녹색이며, 출수기가 5 월 16일경으로서 대비품종인 ‘Fawn’ 보다 5일 늦은 중생품 종이고, 출수기에 초장은 82.5 cm 정도이다. 지역적응시험 4개 지역평균 건물수량은 ‘그린마스터2호’가 15.1톤/ha로서 대비품종인 ‘Fawn’ 보다 29% 많았으며, 지역별로는 4개 지역 모두에서 ‘Fawn’ 보다 생산성이 우수하였다. ‘그린마 스터2호’의 사료가치는 조단백질(CP) 함량이 13.9%, 건물 소화율(IVDMD)이 69.9%, 가소화양분총량(TDN)이 63.8%, 중성세제불용섬유(NDF)가 59.4%, 산성세제불용섬유(ADF) 는 33.5%로서 Fawn과 대등하였다. ‘그린마스터2호’는 엔도 파이트에 감염되지 않는 품종이면서 ‘Fawn’ 보다 국내 기 후환경 적응성과 영속성이 우수하여 초지조성에 알맞은 품 종으로서 우리나라 전국에서 재배 가능하다.

본 시험은 엔도파이트 프리 톨 페스큐 신품종을 개발하기 위하여 2008년부터 2014년까지 농촌진흥청 국립축산과 학원 초지사료과에서 수행되었다. 톨 페스큐 신품종 '그린마스터2호'는 6배체 품종으로서 잎은 녹색이며, 출수기가 5월 16일경으로서 대비품종인 'Fawn' 보다 5일 늦은 중생품종이고, 출수기에 초장은 82.5 cm 정도이다. 지역적응시험 4개 지역평균 건물수량은 '그린마스터2호'가 15.1톤/ha로서 대비품종인 'Fawn' 보다 29% 많았으며, 지역별로는 4개 지역 모두에서 'Fawn' 보다 생산성이 우수하였다. '그린마 스터2호'의 사료가치는 조단백질(CP) 함량이 13.9%, 건물소화율(IVDMD)이 69.9%, 가소화양분총량(TDN)이 63.8%, 중성세제불용섬유(NDF)가 59.4%, 산성세제불용섬유(ADF) 는 33.5%로서 Fawn과 대등하였다. '그린마스터2호'는 엔도파이트에 감염되지 않는 품종이면서 'Fawn' 보다 국내 기후환경 적응성과 영속성이 우수하여 초지조성에 알맞은 품종으로서 우리나라 전국에서 재배 가능하다.