For the Floating Photovoltaic development project, economic analysis is conducted by predicting the amount of power generation in consideration of climate factors. Among the climate factors, the outside temperature increases the temperature of the module. As a result, the efficiency of the module is reduced. Due to global warming, the outside temperature is rising every year, when estimating the amount of power generation over the next 20 years, a more accurate prediction will be possible only when considering the temperature rise.

본 연구는 고속스핀에코 기법을 이용한 MRI 검사에서 영상 변수가 전자파 흡수율(SAR)과 온도 증가에 미치는 영향을 평가해 보고자 하였다. 이를 위해 인체 등가 조직 팬텀을 제작하였고 같은 조건에서 재위상화 RF의 FA와 ETL을 증가시키 며 MRI 검사를 시행하였다. SAR는 장비에서 계산된 두부 SAR값을 사용하였고 팬텀의 온도 변화는 양성자 공명 주파수를 이용해 계산하였다. 실험 결과, FA를 60°에서 180°까지 증가시켰을 때 SAR는 약 8배까지 상승하였고 팬텀의 온도 상승의 폭은 약 2.8배(0.21°-0.599°) 증가하였다. 그리고 다중 회귀 분석 결과, FA는 SAR와 온도 상승의 관계에서 표준화 계수 가 각각 0.935, 0.741로 나타나 높은 상관관계를 보였다. ETL은 15에서 30까지 증가시켰을 때 SAR는 약 2배 증가하였 다. 하지만 팬텀의 온도 상승 폭은 오히려 39.2%(0.53°-0.303°) 감소하였다. 다중 회귀 분석 결과에서도 ETL은 SAR의 관계에서 표준화 계수가 0.741로 양의 상관관계를 보였지만 온도 상승의 경우 표준화 계수가 –0.482로 나타나 음의 상관 관계가 있었다. 이는 ETL이 15에서 30까지 증가함에 따라 검사 시간이 약 43% 짧아져 전자파의 노출 시간이 감소한 것이 원인이 될 수 있다. 결국, FSE 기법을 이용한 MRI 검사에서는 재위상화 FA는 최소화하고 기준 SAR 범위 내에서 ETL을 최대로 적용하면 전자파로 인한 온도 상승을 최소화할 수 있어 환자 안전을 증진 시킬 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

본 연구는 고속 스핀에코 기법의 T2 강조영상 획득에 있어 온도 상승을 최적화하기 위한 에코 개수(echo train length, ETL) 25를 기반으로 재자화 펄스의 범위에 따른 온도 변화와 이에 따른 신호대잡음비(signal to noise ratio, SNR) 분석을 통한 합리적인 영상 파라미터를 제시하고자 하였다. 온도 변화측정은 수소원자 공명주파수(proton resonance frequency shift. PRF) 기법을 활용했으며, 재자화 펄스의 각도(flip angle, FA)에 따른 온도 상승을 측정하였다. 온도 변화는 재자화 펄스 90도 인가 시에 약 0.202±0.023°C로 증가했으며, 이는 최소 FA인 60도(약 0.196±0.024°C)와 가장 유사하게 나타났다. 또한, 그 영상의 SNR은 FA 120도과 150도에 비해 FA 90도에서 약간 감소하는 경향이 나타났지만(약 12.5%), FA 180도와 비교하여 큰 차이는 발생하지 않았다 (FA 90도=349.66±3.68; FA 180도=357.68±3.21). 이 결과들은 고속스핀에코 기법에서 ETL 25를 사용한 빠른 영상획득 시간을 기반으로 합리적인 영상신호와 재자화 펄스에 의한 최소 온도 상승을 나타내며, 이는 인체 MR 안전기준을 충분히 보장하는데 기여할 수 있다. 특히, ETL 25와 결합된 90도 FA 사용은 가속화된 영상획득 시간, 합당한 T2 영상의 SNR, 그리고 최적의 인체 온도 증가를 위한 고속스핀에코 기법에서의 최적화된 영상 파라미터가 될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

This study developed a scenario to understand the reaction rate and operational time according to RTI value of rate of rise detector in each type in case of fire mattress. In the results of analyzing the reaction rate and operational time of detector in each scenario, in case when installing a single detector, the elevated temperature per minute was raised to 8℃/min ~ 9℃/min. In case when installing two detectors, it was raised to 9℃/min ~ 10℃/min. In case when installing three detectors, it was raised to 10℃/min. The horizontal distance between detector and mattress was 1.8m~2.5m. Whenever the number of detectors was increased, the horizontal distance was decreased. The operational time of detector was within maximum 540 seconds and minimum 420 seconds. As the research tasks in the future, there should be the researches on the effects of reaction rate of detector on the evacuation in case of fire through the result value of RSET by setting up the latency until the detector operates, and the researches on the safety by understanding if the operational time of detector is suitable for the evaluation standard of performancecentered design.

We investigated the changes in the physicochemical properties of wheat grains during ripening stage to determine the effect of the rise in average temperature on that of wheat grains. The treated average temperatures were 18.3°C(control), 19.9°C(1.6°C increase), 21.5°C(3.2°C increase) in artificial climate room from heading time to harvest. Results showed that the ripening period from heading to maturity tended to be shorter during higher temperature treatment condition. The 1,000-grain weight, grain width, number of florets per spike, and number of grains per spike decreased as the ripening period was shortened. Gelatinization properties were affected by high temperature due to the reduction of starch and amylose contents. As the grain filling period was shortened by high temperature treatments, the crude protein content increased. As the grain filling period was shortened by 6 days, the starch and amylose contents decreased by 10.8% and 5.4%, respectively. However, the crude protein content increased by 1.7% in such a condition. Starch content showed positive correlations between amylose and breakdown. Meanwhile, it showed negative correlations between electric conductivity of leaching water from seeds, crude protein content, peak viscosity, trough viscosity, final viscosity, and setback.

본 연구는 초고층 건축물 외부공간의 식물 피복 상태가 온도변화에 미치는 영향을 파악하고자 서울시에 위치한 초고층 건축물 12개소를 대상으로 연구를 수행하였다. 초고층 건축물 외부공간의 토지 피복 유형별 온도 차이 분석을 위해 6개 유형(외곽도로, 포장지, 관목/초지, 단층교목식재지, 다층식재지, 수경시설)으로 건축물외부공간의 피복유형을 구분하였으며 토지이용유형별 대표지점에서 온도를 실측하였다. 건축물 12개소의 주변 환경차이를 고려하기 위해 외곽도로의 중앙부에 대조구를 선정하여 온도를 측정한 후 일원배치 분산분석을 토대로 유사한 온도경향을 보이는 대상지를 4개 그룹으로 분류하였다. 분류된 그룹의 토지 피복 유형과 외부 공간 온도와의 일원배치 분산분석결과, 주로 단층교목식재지, 수경시설, 다층식재지는 저온역에 속하였으며, 관목/초지, 포장지, 외곽도로는 고온역에 속하였다. 저온역과 고온역의 온도차이는 약 1.06~6.17℃의 차이를 보였다. 그러나 조성된 식재지와 수경시설 면적의 협소, 건축물로 인한 일사도달량의 저감과 반사량의 증가 등으로 초고층 건축물 외부공간 온도에 미치는 영향이 다양하게 나타났다. 이에 각 공간에 필요한 녹지량과 수공간의 면적을 조성 전 미리 산출하여, 효과를 발휘할 수 있는 최소한의 면적과 녹지량을 확보할 필요성이 있었다.

In this research were used observation meteorological data and meteorological model to understand an influence of rising ocean temperature on climate change in Korean Peninsula. In the case of meteorological data, were examined inland ocean temperatures as mean annual temperature change during 28 years period (1980-2006) on six shore sites and four inland sites. Also, it have been used MM5 meteorological model to study climate change due to rising ocean temperature and simulate increasing ocean temperature of Korean Peninsula by 2oC. Results shows that the temperature on the shore sites were increasing two times more than temperature on the inland sites. The meteorological model shows similar result and the highest temperature appears on the south shore sites.

콘크리트 포장의 장기 공용성은 시공조건과 환경조건에 크게 좌우된다. 즉 초기에 무작위 균열이나 균열틈이 많이 벌어진 경우 포장수명을 저감시키는 원인이 된다. 시공당시의 온도와 습도, 시멘트와 골재의 종류, 양생조건들은 콘크리트포장의 품질에 영향을 미치는 중요한 요소이다. 그 중에서도 대기온도와 수화열의 증가에 의한 높은 온도차이는 심각한 초기균열을 발생시키는 원인이 되는 것으로 알려져 있다. 본 연구에서는 차광막을 사용하여 콘크리트 슬래브의 온도를 제어하여 초기균열이 발생할 가능성을 낯추고 슬래브질이의 온도차이에 의해 발생되는 curling stress를 줄일 수 있었고, 강도에 있어서는 차광막 설치 구간이 일반시공구간보다 장기강도를 크게 할 수 있음을 확인하였다. 또한 콘크리트포장의 포설 후 72시간의 강도 및 응력을 예측하는 프로그램인 HIPERPAV를 사용하여 초기에 균열이 발생할 가능성을 비교해본 결과 차광막을 설치한 구간이 본 시험시공의 예에서 균열이 발생하지 않을 가능성(reliability)이 차광막을 설치하지 않은 구간(일반시공구간) 72.5%. 차광막설치 구간 95%로 나타나 차광막설치 구간이 차광막을 설치하지 않은 구간보다 균열이 발생하지 않을 가능성을 크게 증가시킬 수 있을 것으로 분석되었다.

The purpose of this study is to investigate correation between semi-adiabatic temperature and adiabatic temperature rise of ordinary portland cement(OPC) and ternary blended cement(TBC). And concrete adiabatic temperature rise factor was estimated by semi-hydration heat analysis test.

Experimental program was conducted for hydration heat evaluation of concrete using strontium based phase change material (PCM). Adiabatic temperature rise test was investigated for four days. In results, concrete with strontium based PCM has about 20 percent lower hydration heat than ordinary one.

In this study, we intended to estimate the heat of hydration of carbon nanotubes-cement composites. It was tried to present the basic data of the heat of hydration characteristics of the CNT-reinforced cement composite by the simple adiabatic temperature rise test. The results indicated that adding CNT reduced the heat of hydration of cement composites.

Korea has experienced a rapid warming of 1.5℃during the last 100 years and even faster rise of air temperature is being projected in the future. This experiment was done to figure out the impact of the predidted temperature rise on the growth and yield of rice. Two rice varieties, "Hwaseongbyeo" and "Dasanbyeo" were grown in 1/5000a Wagner pot under the four plastic houses that were controlled to ambient, ambient+1.5℃, ambient+3℃ and ambient+5℃ throughout the rice growing season. Heading dates in the elevated temperature treatments were three to five days earlier than in the ambient temperature treatment. Rice growth was affected by temperature treatments differentially according to the tested cultivars. Hwaseongbyeo(japonica) showed significant reduction of shoot dry weight under ambient+5.0℃ treatment compared to the other treatments, while Dasanbyeo(tongil-type) showed significant increase of shoot and root dry weight under the elevated temperature treatments. The number of panicles per pot and spikelets per panicle and per pot was not significantly different among temperature treatments in both cultivars tested, but significantly lower grain yield was observed under the treatments raising the air temperature to the level of 3.0℃ and 5.0℃ above the ambient air temperature. This lower grain yield in the elevated temperature treatment of ambient+3℃ was attributed mainly to the decrease of grain weight due to the shortening of grain filling period, while the drastic yield reduction in the treatment of ambient+5℃ was caused not only by the lower grain weight but also by the marked increase in spikelet sterility due to the high temperature at meiotic and flowering stage. In conclusion, the ongoing global warming is expected to decrease the grain yield not only by decreasing the grain filling period in the near future but also increasing the spikelet sterility under the long-term projected climate of Korea.

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of temperature rise on the phenological development and yield of oilseed rape in temperature-controlled plastic houses located at Suwon in 2008 and 2009. Two varieties "Halla" and "Naehan" were grown using 1/5000a Wagner pots in the three plastic houses greenhouses in which temperature was controlled to ambient temperature (AT), AT+1.5℃, and AT+3.0 through the growing season. Compared to the ambient temperature, leaf appearance was speeded up by temperature elevation, resulting in earlier flowering by 7 and 19 days at the treatments of AT+1.5℃and AT+3.0℃, respectively. YGrain yield was decreased by approximately 15% for each temperature elevation of 1.5 ℃. The yield decrease was attributed to the increased sterility and the decreased grain weight under the higher temperature conditio

This study was carried out to confirm the effects of climate change to growth, yield and quality of rice by the global warming. By the study of Korea Meteorology Administration, the temperature of Korea increased 0.95℃ during last 34 years and the width of temperature increase be on an increasing trend gradually. As temperature increases, rice is faced with critical change such as growth duration shortening, heading acceleration, yield decrease and quality deterioration. So, we studied the rice growth and yield change by the temperature increase. To confirm the effects of temperature increase, rice cultivars such as early maturing Unkwangbyeo, medium maturing Hwayoungbyeo and late maturing Nampyeongbyeo were transplanted on 1, 15, 30 of June inner transparent vinyl house which was treated by different temperature. The increased mean temperature were 1.4℃～3.5℃, respectively, compared to outer field. The growth duration from transplanting to heading were shortened by the temperature increase. In June 1 transplanting, especially the growth duration of early maturing Unkwangbyeo was shortened greatly by temperature increase. As temperature increases, rice yield decreased in most cases. In 1.4℃ temperature increase, rice yield of June 15 transplanting were higher than those of other transplanting, but in 2.1℃ or more temperature increase, the rice yield of June 30 transplanting were similar or more than those of other transplanting.