The structure system that is discreterized by continuous shells is usually used to make a large space structures and these structures show the collapse mechanisms that are captured at over the limit load, and snap-through and bifurcation are most well known of it. For the collapse mechanism, rise-span ratio, element stiffness and load mode are main factor, which it give an effect to unstable behavior. Moreover, resist force of structure can be reduced by initial condition and initial imperfection significantly. In order to investigate the instability of shell structures, the finite deformation theory can be applied and it becomes a nonlinear mathematics in which use equation of tangential stiffness incrementally. With an initial imperfection, using simple example and Flow Truss Dome, the buckling characteristics of space truss is main purpose of this paper, and unstable behavior is studied by proposed the numerical method. Also, by using MIDAS, this research work analyzes displacements and inner forces as the design load of model, and the ratio of buckling load of design load is investigated.

The purpose of this study was to compare the balance ability at different foot angle with KAT 2000 (Breg, Inc., Vista, CA. 1994). Forty-nine (male 24, female 25) normal subjects participated in this study. All subjects were assessed under two conditions. One was eye-opened condition and the other one was eye-closed one in 3 psi surface condition. All subjects were tested at different foot angle that were toe-in , , toe-out and . The subject attempted to keep the platform as stable as possible with eyes closed and with eyes opened for every 20 seconds. The starting position was that subject crossed their arms across chest and flexed knees slightly. The results of each test were showed by a score on screen, which meant balance index. The se collected data were analyzed by using oneway ANOVA, Scheffe test, and t-test. The results of this study were as follows: 1. When the foot angle were changed, balance index was the lowest in toes-out condition and greatest with toes-in with eyes opened and with eyes closed. There were statistically significant difference with eyes opened and with eyes closed (p<0.05). 2. There was statistically significant difference in balance index according to visual condition and the balance index tested with eyes closed was higher than with eyes closed(p<0.05). 3. There was statistically significant difference in balance index by gender(p<0.05).

The purpose of this study were to evaluate and compare the balance ability at different conditions in normal 20 to 29 years old on unstable platform, KAT 2000(Breg, Inc., Vista, CA. 1994). Static and dynamic BI(balance index) were measured 3psi and 5psi surface conditions. Static tests were done on right and left leg separately, then both legs together with the feet apart 20cm with the eyes opened and closed. Dynamic tests were done on both legs together with apart 20cm with the eyes opened. A dynamic test was performed in which the subject moved platform in a circular manner to chase a moving object on a computer screen. Seventy healthy students(average 21.6 years, male, female) were tested. In this study applied the paired t-test and correlation to determine the statistical significance of result. The results were as follow: 1) The mean static balance index of the Rt leg was on 3psi surface condition with the eyes opened, and that of the Lt leg was . 2) The mean static balance index of the Rt leg was on 5psi surface condition with the eyes opened, and that of the Lt leg was . 3) The mean static and dynamic balance index of both legs were , on 3psi with the eyes opened, and , on 5psi respectively. 4) The mean static balance index of the Rt leg was on 3psi surface condition with the eyes closed, and that of the Lt leg was . 5) The mean static balance index of the Rt leg was on 5psi surface condition with the eyes closed, and that of the Lt leg was . 6) The mean static balance index of both legs was on 3psi surface condition with the eyes closed, and that of the 5psi was . 7) The balance index on 3psi surface condition was significantly higher than that of 5psi (p<0.05, p<0.01). 8) The balance index with the eyes closed was significantly higher than that of the eyes opened (p<0.05). 9) The balance index on the left leg was significantly higher than that of the right leg (p<0.05, p<0.01). 10) There was no correlation between static balance index and dynamic balance index. 11) Therewas no correlation between weight or height and balance index.

본 연구는 교사의 대인관계역량을 함양하기 위한 방안을 제안하기 위해 교사의 불안정한 성인 애착과 대인관계유능성의 관계에서 대인존재감의 매개효과를 살펴보았다. 이를 위해 본 연구는 강원도내 유·초·중·고 교사 330명을 대상으로 성인애착 척도, 대인관계유능성 척도, 대인존재감 척도를 사용하여 수집된 자료를 활용하여 기술통계, 상관분석, 일원변량분석을 실시하였으며, Hayes (2013)의 PROCESS Macro 모델 4를 통해 매개효과를 검증하였다. 연구결과 첫째, 애착불안은 근무지 학교급별로 유의미한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타난바, 유치원교사들은 중등교사들보다 애착불안이 낮고 대인존재감은 높았지만, 대인관계 유능성에서는 학교급별 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 교직경력이 낮은 교사들(1～9년)이 10년이상 경력 교사에 비해 애착불안이 높았으며, 고경력(21년 이상) 교사들은 대인관계 유능성의 하위요인인 대인갈등 다루기에서 나머지 경력 집단 보다 높았지만, 애착회피, 대인관계유능성, 대인존재감 전체에서는 학교급별 유의미한 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 교사가 지각한 불안정한 성인애착과 대인관계 유능성의 부적인 관계에서 대인존재감이 부분적으로 매개하는 간접효과를 확인하였다. 이러한 연구결과를 바탕으로 교사의 대인관계 능력의 향상을 위한 교육 및 연수 방안에 대해 논의하였다.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the results of treatment of unstable intertrochanteric fractures with compression hip screw and wiring. Twenty one cases of intertrochanteric fractures of the 20 patients treated with compression hip screw and wiring between January 2009 and December 2013 were analyzed. Twenty cases were united and the mean union time was 17.5 weeks. The results of treatment of unstable trochanteric fractures with compression hip screw were relatively satisfactory.

Yaw-checking and course-keeping ability in IMO's ship manoeuvrability standards are reviewed from the viewpoint of safe navigation. Three kinds of virtual series-ships, which have different course instability, are taken as test models. The numerical simulation on Z-test is carried out in order to examine the correlation between known manoeuvrability in spiral characteristics and various kinds of overshoot angle. Then simulator experiments are executed with series-ships in a curved, narrow waterway by six operators(five active pilots and one ex-captain) in order to examine the correlation between known manoeuvrability and degree of manoeuvring difficulty. IMC criteria for yaw-checking and course-keeping ability are discussed and revised criteria are proposed.

In order to evaluate rolling characteristics of high speed container carrier the author developed yaw-sway-rudder coupled rool equation, which is likely to be 5th order differential equation. The free rolling time history with particular reference to automatic steering, was computed upon the base of the yaw-sway-rudder coupled roll equation. The computed result explained effects of C1 and C2 on rolling behaviors and furthermore the effect of C2 proved to be very effective where C1 and C2 are yaw gin constant and yaw-rate gain constant of auto-pilot respectively. Computation was carried out using Matsumoto's data of hydrodynamic force derivatives of 5 meter long container model.